Abstract: The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for exchanging heat from the degradation, decomposition, and chemical/biochemical transformation of municipal, industrial, and other types of waste. In one embodiment, a heat extraction system may include a closed-loop fluid circulation piping channeled throughout at least one heat extraction well oriented throughout a waste mass. The piping is fluidly coupled to a heat exchanger. A first circulation fluid is circulated through the closed-loop circulation piping into various depths of the waste mass to transfer thermal energy between said mass and said heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the transfer of thermal energy between the waste mass and the heat exchanger is used as alternative energy method and to control at least one of shear strength, compressibility, and hydraulic conductivity of the waste mass.

Abstract: A cooling unit includes: at least one pump that circulates coolant; a tank having a first inlet through which coolant is caused to flow in and at least one first outlet through which the coolant is expelled to the at least one pump; and an air bubble accumulating portion provided in an upper part of the tank, wherein the first inlet is disposed at a position such that the coolant is caused to flow into the air bubble accumulating portion, and the at least one first outlet is provided below the air bubble accumulating portion.

Abstract: A cooling unit includes: a flow path that circulates coolant; and a tank that stores the coolant, the tank including a plurality of side walls, an inlet that is provided in a first side wall of the plurality of side walls and through which the coolant is caused to flow in, an outlet that is provided in a second side wall other than the first side wall and located below the inlet and through which the coolant is discharged, and an overhanging portion provided on the inner wall surface of the second side wall and located above the outlet.

Abstract: A flexible, self-contained active multi-phase heat spreader apparatus for cooling electronic components, the heat spreader having fluid sealed between two plates and a pumping mechanism to actuate multi-phase flow of the fluid. Thermal energy from an electronic component in contact with the heat spreader is dissipated from a core region via the working fluid to the entire heat spreader, and then to a heat sink. Surface enhancement features located between the two plates aid transfer of thermal energy from a first metal plate into the fluid.

Abstract: An assembly (16) to grow mushrooms. The assembly (16) includes a base (17) that supports a plurality of trays (27) that circulate about a generally central longitudinal axis. Each tray (17) has ducts (33) through which a fluid passes to heat and/or cool each tray (27).

Abstract: A heat source is cooled by employing heat pipes, magneto-hydrodynamic fluid pipes, and a heat sink. Heat is transmitted from evaporating ends of the heat pipes connected to the heat source to condensing ends of the heat pipes connected to the heat sink. The magneto-hydrodynamic fluid is circulated inside the magneto-hydrodynamic fluid pipes. Magnetic fields are generated using an array of magnets and an electric potential is created from a top surface to a bottom surface of each magneto-hydrodynamic fluid pipe using metal films. The magnetic fields and electric potential induce an electrically-conductive magneto-hydrodynamic fluid to circulate in the magneto-hydrodynamic fluid pipes thereby dissipating heat from the heat sink.

Abstract: A fluid temperature conditioner heats fuel being supplied to a fuel injection system for an engine. During operation of the engine, energy is transferred from engine and stored in a thermal battery which is a part of the fluid temperature conditioner. During cold starting of the engine, the energy is transferred from the thermal battery to the fuel to aid in the starting of the engine.

Abstract: Methods of preventing overheating of computer equipment in a cabinet when a supply coolant to a cooler in the cabinet fails. An example embodiment is a data center that includes a plurality of cabinets and at least two main coolant supply lines. The cabinets are configured to house computer equipment and the main coolant supply lines provide coolant to the plurality of cabinets. Moreover, each cabinet includes a cooler and each of these coolers includes at least two radiators which receive coolant from different main coolant supply lines.

Abstract: A system includes electronics for testing a device, a reservoir to store coolant, where the reservoir includes a bellows that is compressible, a pump system to move coolant out of the reservoir to cool the electronics, and means to compress the bellows and thereby pressurize the coolant stored in the reservoir so that the coolant remains substantially flush with an interface to the pump system.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle includes a tank, a heat exchanger, a pump, and a valve located on a conduit. The heat exchanger is located downstream of the tank, the pump is located between the tank and the heat exchanger, and the valve is located downstream of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger places the coolant in a heat exchange relationship with a heat load from the vehicle such that the coolant vaporizes. The valve regulates pressure within the heat exchanger and controls exhaustion of the vaporized coolant from the vehicle. Water, used as a coolant, can be replenished in flight by condensing a portion of the heat exchanger exhaust or condensing water as part of the environmental control system function or by condensing a portion of the engine exhaust.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a brine circuit through which brine flows, a pump disposed on the brine circuit, and a heat exchanger unit including a heat absorbing member and a heat radiating member. The heat absorbing member is in communication with the brine circuit. The heat absorbing member is capable of conducting heat generated from a cooling object to the brine for cooling the cooling object. The heat radiating member is in communication with the brine circuit and capable of receiving the heat from the brine. The brine circuit is configured such that the brine passes through the heat exchanger unit at a pressure equal to or lower than an atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A system may include a first heat exchanger, a pumping device, and a valve. The pumping device may be in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger. The valve may receive a fluid from the pumping device and may be movable between a first position allowing the fluid through a first flow path and a second position to allow the fluid to flow through a second flow path. The first heat exchanger may be in heat transfer relation with an energy storage device such that heat may be extracted from the energy storage device when the valve is in the first position. Heat may be transferred from the first heat exchanger to the energy storage device when the valve is in the second position.

Abstract: As an electronic device cooling apparatus which allows refrigerant liquid to circulate and flow in a cooling system by using a pump so as to cool a heat generating portion of an electronic device, a heat generating portion cooling unit which is connected to the pump, which receives heat from the heat generating portion of the electronic device, and which releases the heat to the refrigerant liquid through a fin portion so as to cool the heat generating portion includes independently therein a first flow channel through which the refrigerant liquid discharged from a discharging port of the pump is drawn in to be guided to the outside of the heat generating portion cooling unit through the fin portion, and a second flow channel through which the refrigerant liquid cooled at the outside is drawn in to be guided towards a sucking port of the pump.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems for facilitating heat transfer and cooling electronic components are presented. A system for cooling an electronic component includes a cold core, a plurality of solid state cooling devices, and a plurality of heat sinks. The cold core may define one or more cavities for receiving electronic components. The system may include an air mover and a duct. In operation, the system may cool an electronic component to sub-ambient temperatures. In other embodiments, the system may include multiple cold cores connected by liquid conduits for facilitating a flow of a cooling fluid.

Abstract: The non-polluting heating system employs heated oil as a heat transfer medium. The oil is heated by hydraulic circulation and only requires motive apparatus to insure the flow of the oil in a closed system. The system includes a plurality of centrifugal oil filters and reducer fittings. A conventional, high-efficiency, indirect heat exchanger is utilized to transfer heat from the oil to air that flows into the confines of a structure (house, building, etc.) to be heated. Thermostats are employed to control operation of the system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an external thermal conduction interface structure of electrical equipment wherein a fluid jetting device is utilized to jet a thermal conductive fluid for exchanging heat with the external thermal conduction interface structure of electrical equipment via the thermal energy of the jetted thermal conductive fluid, the heat exchange means includes the external thermal conduction interface structure of electrical equipment having relative high temperature being cooled by a fluid have relative lower temperature, and external thermal conduction interface structure of electrical equipment having relative lower temperature being heated by a fluid having relative higher temperature.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling heat generating components including an electronics cooling circuit loop having a liquid heat exchanger separable from a main liquid cooling circuit manifold by quick-disconnect fittings. This supports the use of different liquids in the electronics subsystem cooling circuit loop and in the main liquid manifold of the master cooling circuit. Also included are two phase loops and an optional compressor.

Abstract: Heat is removed from a process liquid of a direct contact condenser in waste gas cooling using two separate and distinct cooling devices that provide cooled process liquid to at least two separate sections in the direct contact condenser. Most preferably, the sections are liquidly isolated and provide the heated process liquids to the respective cooling devices. However, in other embodiments, the sections are liquidly coupled to each other so to allow transfer of the process liquid from one section to another section. One of the two cooling devices uses a lower-cost or higher-availability coolant that the other. It is generally preferred that one of the cooling devices is an air cooler and that another one of the cooling devices employs a cooling medium other than air.

Abstract: A refrigerant vapor compression system includes a compressor having a suction port and a discharge port, an air-cooled heat exchanger operatively coupled to the discharge port, a liquid-cooled heat exchanger operatively coupled to the air-cooled heat exchanger, a coolant pump operatively coupled to a liquid coolant inlet conduit of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger, an evaporator heat exchanger unit operatively coupled to the liquid-cooled heat exchanger and the suction port, a coolant pump operatively coupled to the liquid coolant inlet conduit for pumping a liquid coolant, and a controller operatively associated with the liquid coolant inlet conduit for controlling the flow of liquid coolant into the liquid-cooled heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the liquid-cooled heat exchanger comprises a low-profile enclosure defining an interior volume.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a cooling device for lamp with power light emitting diode comprising of a number of cooling water containers containing a circulating pump and a temperature sensor installed to a particular body with lighting installed. Cooling water incoming pipe and extruding pipe connected to the cooling water container above are connected to a cooling water circulation passage of power light emitting diode, so that cooling water flows in circulation within the circulation passage. When the temperature of the circulating cooling water rises to a certain point, the circulation of the particular cooling water container stops operating, and another cooling water container is operated to keep the thermal power light emitting diode at room temperature, so that the durability of the power light emitting diode is lengthened, and maximizes the cooling effectiveness and power-saving.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling apparatus (101) for a sample in an ion beam etching process, including, a sample stage (102) for arranging the sample, a coolant receptacle (120) containing a coolant, at least one thermal conduction element (106a, 106b) that connects the sample stage (102) to the coolant, a cooling finger (105) connected to the thermal conduction element (106a, 106b), the cooling finger (105) comprising a conduit (130, 131) through which coolant can flow and which is connectable to the coolant receptacle (120). The invention further relates to a method of adjusting the temperature of a sample in an ion beam etching process, including mounting a sample on a coolable sample stage (102), aligning the sample on the sample stage (102), and cooling the sample by coolant directed through a conduit (130, 131) of a cooling finger.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus cooling device which cools an exothermic body by heat transfer of refrigerant, includes a heat receiving part having a base for receiving heat generated by the exothermic body, a pressure member with an opening, covering part of the base and being located opposite to the exothermic body, and a flow channel allowing the refrigerant to flow therein, a heat radiator for radiating heat absorbed by the refrigerant, and a pump for circulating the refrigerant between the heat receiving part and the heat radiator. In the flow channel of the heat receiving part, the refrigerant flows in through the opening of the pressure member and flows out from the periphery of the pressure member in places other than the opening.

Abstract: The rocker chiller 10 includes a semi-cylindrical tank 12 filled with heat exchanging liquid and a baffle assembly 18 that rocks back and forth across the bottom wall of the tank. The baffle 26 of the baffle assembly defines baffle openings 29 that are sized and shaped to pass the heat exchanging liquid through the openings in response to the rocking of the baffle, but small enough so that the baffle engages and retards the movement of at least some of the carcasses from moving through the baffle, thereby massaging the carcasses and increasing the moisture retained in the carcasses.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a heat spreader plate; plural microchannels for directing heat transfer fluid over the heat spreader plate, wherein each microchannel has a first end and an opposite end, extends substantially parallel with each other microchannel, and has a continuous flow path between the first and opposite ends; a fluid inlet opening for the microchannels and positioned between the first and opposite ends, a first fluid outlet opening from each of the microchannel first ends; and an opposite fluid outlet opening from each of the microchannel opposite ends, the fluid inlet opening and the first and opposite fluid outlet openings providing that a flow fluid that passes into the plurality of microchannels, flows along the plurality of microchannels outwardly from the fluid inlet opening. A method of cooling a heat generating component uses a fluid heat exchanger that splits a mass flow of coolant.

Abstract: ‘Underground Thermal Battery Storage System’ using a battery structure of one or more underground thermally insulated cells, where each cell comprised of a waterproof thermal insulation shell, one or more fluid storage tanks and earth matrix. The thermal storage cell's fluid storage tanks are interconnected using a thermal fluid transport system with control valves, circulating pumps, and managed by a programmable controller. The programmable controller uses the cell sensors to determine cell status, control cell interconnections, and to manage the thermal charging and discharging by exterior heating or cooling devices. A moisture injection system is provided to control the thermal conductivity within the cell's earth matrix.

Abstract: Various apparatus and methods are described for moving air in a portable electronic device for purposes such as cooling. In a typical embodiment, the apparatus comprises an airflow-generating device and a vibration component. The vibration component may be used to drive the airflow-generating device. Further, techniques are described in which the airflow-generating device may be driven without causing the portable electronic device to vibrate.

Abstract: A cooling system to be mounted in a hybrid vehicle including a motor driven and a generator includes a cooling path and a pressurizing unit. In the cooling path, coolant for cooling the motor and the generator is recirculated. The pressurizing unit pumps the coolant. The motor is disposed downstream of the pressurizing unit in a recirculating direction of the coolant. The generator is disposed downstream of the motor and upstream of the pressurizing unit in the recirculating direction.

Abstract: A heating system utilizing waste heat from illuminating device includes at least one illuminating device and a water supply device. The illuminating device has at least one light-emitting module, which has one side in contact with at least one heat-dissipation device. The heat-dissipation device and the water supply device are connected to each other via a pipeline. Water is supplied by the water supply device to the heat-dissipation device for directly absorbing heat that is transferred from the light-emitting module to the heat-dissipation device and accordingly cooling the heat-dissipation device. The heat-absorbed water is then delivered via the pipeline to a water reservoir for people to use. Thus, waste heat produced by the illuminating device is effectively converted into a usable energy source to be fully utilized.

Abstract: An exemplary cooling device includes a heat dissipating member, a pump, a heat absorbing member defining a receiving chamber containing coolant therein, and a liquid input conduit and a liquid output conduit connecting the heat absorbing member, the heat dissipation member and the pump together to form a heat transfer loop. The heat absorbing member have at a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The heat absorbing member defines a heating area at the first side. The heating area is configured to contact a heat generating component for absorbing heat generated by the heat generating component. The heat absorbing member includes at the second side a liquid inlet aligned with the heating area and liquid outlets around the liquid inlet.

Abstract: A container data center includes a container having a top wall and a number of sidewalls, a water supply pipe arranged over the top wall, a gutter disposed adjacent to a bottom of the container, a cistern communicating with the gutter, a water pump connected between the cistern and the water supply pipe, and a cooler mounted to an end of the water supply pipe connected to the water pump. An inlet and an outlet of the water pump are correspondingly connected to the cistern and water supply pipe. The water supply pipe defines a number of water discharge holes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system for a computer system, said computer system comprising at least one unit such as a central processing unit (CPU) generating thermal energy and said cooling system intended for cooling the at least one processing unit and comprising a reservoir having an amount of cooling liquid, said cooling liquid intended for accumulating and transferring of thermal energy dissipated from the processing unit to the cooling liquid. The cooling system has a heat exchanging interface for providing thermal contact between the processing unit and the cooling liquid for dissipating heat from the processing unit to the cooling liquid, Different embodiments of the heat exchanging system as well as means for establishing and controlling a flow of cooling liquid and a cooling strategy constitutes the invention of the cooling system.

Abstract: There is provided a power generation system capable of obtaining both of electrical energy and heat energy by utilizing light energy. The power generation system includes a gas generation section including one or more containers and producing gas by absorbing light energy, each of the containers enclosing an electrolytic solution and a plurality of semiconductor elements having photoelectric conversion function, a power generation section generating electrical energy by utilizing gas generated in the gas generation section; and a heat exchanger absorbing heat energy from the inside of the container.

Abstract: A liquid-cooling-type cooling device includes a circulatory path for coolant that cools a temperature rise portion; a heat absorbing unit that absorbs a heat from the temperature rise portion by the coolant; a heat radiating unit that radiate the heat from the coolant; a pump that circulates the coolant; and a plurality of liquid-contacting metal portions that comes into contact with the coolant, each of the liquid-contacting metal portions being made of a metal material. At least one of the liquid-contacting metal portions is grounded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a temperature conditioning system including several thermal transfer blocks, where each is associated with one of several components requiring thermal management. Each of the components is associated with a different time dependent thermal management profile. A fluid path, with a heat transfer fluid, connects one or more transports to the thermal transfer blocks. For each thermal transfer block, at least one thermo-responsive valve is located downstream from the thermal transfer block. The thermo-responsive valve is passive in that it does not require energy other than thermal energy to move from a starting position to an ending position and the thermo-responsive valve is free of any exterior control lines. A method of temperature conditioning components is also disclosed including circulating a heat transfer fluid and optimizing the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid in response to differential changes in temperature of the heat transfer fluid by actuating one or more thermo-responsive valves.

Abstract: A supply manifold for a hydronic heating or cooling system has a housing a plurality of valves disposed on respective outlets of the housing in a linear arrangement. Each outlet is adapted to connect to a conduit for delivering the liquid to a zone. Each valve controls a flow of the heating or cooling liquid into each respective conduit. The supply manifold has a single actuator for individually actuating one of the valves. A first displacement mechanism, e.g. a screw drive power by an electric motor, displaces the actuator along a longitudinal axis parallel to the linear arrangement of the valves to thereby access any one of the valves. A second displacement mechanism, e.g. a solenoid, displaces the actuator orthogonally to the longitudinal axis to thereby cause engagement or disengagement of the actuator with a selected one of the valves for opening or closing.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a tank for keeping a coolant liquid therein and including an air layer, a heat receiver in contact with a heat generating part for receiving heat therefrom, a radiator for radiating the heat absorbed by the coolant liquid, and a circulating mechanism for circulating the coolant liquid from the heat receiver through the tank, through the radiator and again to the heat receiver. The tank is mounted on the radiator. The radiator includes a coolant liquid circulating conduit for radiation which includes a width narrower at the middle position of the tank, and is divided by a gap at the middle position of the tank. The radiator includes cavities on both sides of a portion in which the gap in the coolant liquid circulating conduit is formed, each of the cavities having an area covered with the tank mounted on the radiator.

Abstract: A heat sink for absorbing heat which is generated by an electronic module by using a coolant which flows in its internal portion, comprises a housing which is provided with, in its internal portion, a first surface which is located in the vicinity of the electronic module and a second surface which faces the first surface and comprises fins which extend from the first surface toward the second surface, wherein a projecting portion projecting from the second surface toward the first surface is formed at the second surface, between the top edges of the fins on the second surface side and the second surface.

Abstract: A temperature equalization system comprised of heat equalizer and fluid transmission duct disposed in a heat carrier existing in solid or liquid state in the nature where presents comparatively larger and more reliable heat carrying capacity; the fluid passes through the installation to regulate for temperature equalization, and flows back to the installation disposed in the natural carrier of heat for the installation providing good heat conduction with the natural heat carrier to provide the function of temperature equalization regulating on the backflow.

Abstract: Liquid-cooled electronics racks are provided which include: immersion-cooled electronic subsystems; a vertically-oriented, vapor-condensing unit facilitating condensing dielectric fluid vapor egressing from the immersion-cooled subsystems, the vertically-oriented, vapor-condensing unit being sized and configured to reside adjacent to at least one side of the electronics rack; a reservoir for holding dielectric fluid, the reservoir receiving dielectric fluid condensate from the vertically-oriented, vapor-condensing unit; a dielectric fluid supply manifold coupling in fluid communication the reservoir and the dielectric fluid inlets of the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems; and a pump associated with a reservoir for pumping under pressure dielectric fluid from the reservoir to the dielectric fluid supply manifold for maintaining dielectric fluid in a liquid state within the immersion-cooled electronic subsystems.

Abstract: An annular heat exchanger for cooling hot gases comprises an inner shell, an intermediate shell and an outer shell. Where the heat exchanger is integrated with a catalytic converter for treatment of hot exhaust gases in a motor vehicle, the inner shell contains a catalyst for treatment of the exhaust gases. Inner and outer gas flow passages are provided between the shells, and a coolant flow passage is provided, either on the outer surface of the outer shell, or inbetween the intermediate and outer shells. The exhaust gases change direction twice as they pass through the heat exchanger, and the annular structure of the heat exchanger provides a large surface area, and a large flow section, relative to volume, and thereby provides effective heat exchange without significantly increasing space requirements.

Abstract: An exhaust gas heat recovery (EGHR) heat exchanger for an internal combustion engine having a housing, a cylindrical body disposed within the housing, an annular exhaust gas passageway, and a central exhaust gas passageway. The EGHR heat exchanger also includes a bypass valve disposed within the central passageway and adapted to selectively by-pass a portion of the exhaust gas from the central exhaust gas passageway to the annular passageway, and at least one twisted tube having at least one edge coiled within the annular exhaust gas passageway.

Abstract: Described is a modular thermal energy transfer system. The modular thermal energy transfer system includes a plurality of modular thermal units, each modular thermal unit having a thermal retainer with a conditioning pipe and a usable fluid pipe disposed therein. The conditioning pipes are in fluidic communication with one another, and the usable fluid pipes are in fluidic communication with one another. The conditioning pipes are adapted to carry a conditioning fluid therethrough and to allow transfer of thermal energy between the thermal retainers and the conditioning fluid. The usable fluid pipes are adapted to carry a usable fluid therethrough and to allow the transfer of thermal energy between the thermal retainers and the usable fluid. The various thermal retainers of the modular thermal units are configured to be positionable proximate one another such that thermal energy is transferable between substantially adjacent thermal retainers.

Abstract: The invention concerns an arrangement for heating drinking water for at least one consumption point or tapping point, comprising a fresh water station having an inlet for cold drinking water, a heating device for heating a heat-transfer medium, a pump for circulation of the medium heated by the heating device through the fresh water station, a heat exchanger within the fresh water station for transfer of the heat generated by the heating device to the cold drinking water, and an instantaneous water heater arranged behind the fresh water station in the direction of flow of the already heated drinking water, having a control and regulating unit for controlling and/or regulating the temperature of the drinking water, which is distinguished in that between the instantaneous water heater and the fresh water station is a direct control and/or regulating signal link for nominal value adjustment of the temperature of the drinking water in the fresh water station by the instantaneous water heater.

Abstract: A liquid system for circulating a liquid through a circulation loop includes a liquid pump, a primary liquid reservoir and an auxiliary liquid reservoir. The liquid pump pressurizes liquid within the circulation loop. The primary liquid reservoir has a primary variable volume expandable to accommodate volumetric expansion of pressurized liquid up to a threshold volume. The auxiliary liquid reservoir has an auxiliary variable volume expandable only after the threshold volume is exceeded up to a maximum volume.

Abstract: A reliable, leak tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. The system provides both air and liquid cooling so that if the liquid cooling system does not provide adequate cooling, the air cooling system will be automatically activated. A connector system is provided to automatically evacuate the liquid from the heat exchangers before they are disconnected.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a heat exchanger, a refrigerant reservoir and a pump. The pump is connected to the heat exchanger by a first line. A second line connects the heat exchanger to the reservoir. A third line connects the reservoir to the pump. The third line has an opening within the reservoir that is below an opening of the second line within the reservoir. The first, second and third lines are capable of carrying a refrigerant.

Abstract: A cooling container comprises a container housing with a chilled water storage tank including a first interface for receiving chilled water. The chilled water tank has a plurality of straight pipes joined by elbows connections to provide a folded path, the full path length being greater than the length of the container housing, and a second interface for outputting the chilled water. A number of interfaces within the container housing are configured to receive a chiller module or a free cool unit.

Abstract: Described is a cooling device for cooling an equipment component with the aid of a cooling agent, as well as a method for cooling an equipment component. In at least one embodiment, the cooling device includes a heat source for transferring thermal energy from the equipment component to the cooling agent and a heat sink for dissipating thermal energy from the cooling agent. The heat source and the heat sink are connected to each other. The cooling agent can be supplied via a forward flow line to the heat source and can flow via a return line away from the heat sink. The cooling device includes a control mechanism and two storage containers or a stratified storage tank for the cooling agent. The control mechanism is connected to the two containers and/or the stratified storage tank, the forward flow line and the return flow line.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus using a heat medium provides a heat medium circulation path that circulates the heat medium, a heat medium pump that pumps the heat medium into the heat medium circulation path, a heat source that generates heat heating the heat medium, a heat medium heat exchanger that exchanges heat generated by the heat source for the heat medium, a hot water supply heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation path for clean water, and a control unit that sets the heat medium in the heat medium circulation path in a predetermined temperature and controls the rotating speed of the heat medium pump and the combustion amount of the heat source according to a heat requirement.

Abstract: A water-cooling heat dissipation system for LED signboard includes a frame, at least one water pipe system, and at least one water-cooling unit. At least one heat receiving section and at least one LED module in contact with one another are mounted to the frame. The water pipe system includes at least one water pipe extended through the heat receiving section. The water-cooling unit includes at least one water inlet and water outlet pipes, which are respectively connected to a front and a rear end of the water pipe system. The water-cooling unit drives a cooling liquid stored therein to circulate in between the water pipe system and the water-cooling unit, so that heat is quickly carried away from the heat receiving section by the cooling liquid to dissipate into surrounding environment. The water-cooling heat dissipation system has upgraded heat transfer efficiency to achieve good heat dissipation effect.