Abstract: A radiator for use in a liquid cooling system may have an inlet for receiving coolant fluid, an outlet for expelling coolant fluid, a plurality of radiating fins fluidically coupled between the inlet and the outlet such that coolant fluid flowing through the radiating fins radiates heat proximate to air proximate to the radiating fins, and a coolant reserve tank fluidically coupled to the plurality of radiating fins and oriented relative to the plurality of radiating fins such that a largest dimension of the coolant reserve tank is generally parallel to a flow of coolant fluid through the plurality of radiating fins. The coolant reserve tank may be configured to store excess coolant fluid and deliver at least a portion of the excess coolant fluid to fluidic pathways of the radiator in response to a decrease in volume of coolant fluid within the liquid cooling system.

Abstract: The application pertains to, for example, novel processes and systems for heat transfer, refrigeration, energy storage, and various cooling and heating processes. Such processes may include cooling or mixing various liquid-liquid phase transition liquids to release and/or energy. Additionally or alternatively, such processes may include charging and/or discharging thermal storage reservoirs with layered liquids of various temperatures.

Abstract: A heat-transfer member (1) is used in a cooling system in which an alcohol serves as a coolant. The heat-transfer member (1) has: a heat-receiving surface (11) configured such that it can receive heat from a heat-generating body; and a heat-dissipating surface (12) configured such that it can dissipate, to the coolant, the heat received at the heat-receiving surface (11). The heat-dissipating surface (12) has a plurality of pores (121) whose average pore diameter is 5 nm or more and 1,000 nm or less. A cooling system can be configured by causing the coolant to contact the heat-dissipating surface (12) of the heat-transfer member (1).

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle is disclosed, wherein the vehicle comprises an occupant compartment and a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle. The system comprises a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system, a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment, and a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit. The propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit. The present disclosure further relates to a powertrain for a vehicle, as well as a vehicle.

Abstract: Nuclear reactor systems and associated devices and methods are described herein. A representative nuclear reactor system includes a heat pipe network having an evaporator region, an adiabatic region, and a condenser region. The heat pipe network can define a plurality of flow paths having an increasing cross-sectional flow area in a direction from the evaporator region toward the condenser region. The system can further include nuclear fuel thermally coupled to at least a portion of the evaporator region. The heat pipe network is positioned to transfer heat received from the fuel at the evaporator region, to the condenser region. The system can further include one or more heat exchangers thermally coupled to the evaporator region for transporting the heat out of the system for use in one or more processes, such as generating electricity.

Abstract: A device for energy transfer and for energy storage in a liquid reservoir includes a water heat exchanger and an air heat exchanger arranged above the water heat exchanger, wherein the water heat exchanger is arranged in a liquid reservoir, and wherein the device includes an outdoor air inlet from which an outdoor air flow can be induced to an air outlet through the air heat exchanger, includes a heat exchanger which is designed to direct exhaust air flowing in from an exhaust air inlet for energy transfer via the liquid reservoir (FR) into a peripheral area of the heat exchanger, from which the exhaust air can be supplied as an extract air flow to the air heat exchanger, in which the outdoor air flow and the extract air flow mix.

Abstract: A heat exchange system is arranged between a chiller device and a temperature control member, and is provided with: supply line for supplying a refrigerant from the chiller device to the temperature control member; a return line for returning the refrigerant from the temperature control member to the chiller device; a bypass line for bypassing the supply line and the return line; a latent heat storage member arranged closer to the chiller device relative to a first connection point connecting the return line and the bypass line; and a flow distribution unit that is arranged at a second connection point connecting the outgoing line and the bypass line, and that is for adjusting a ratio for distributing refrigerant to the temperature control member and the bypass line.

Abstract: An example computing device includes: a housing; a liquid cooling system; a first compartment of the housing that contains processing components; a second compartment of the housing that contains cooling components of the liquid cooling system; an airgap in the housing that physically separates and thermally isolates the first compartment and the second compartment, the airgap defined by external surfaces of the housing; and, a conduit of the housing that joins the first compartment and the second compartment at a side of the airgap, the conduit routing, internal to the housing, tubing of the liquid cooling system from the first compartment to the second compartment, the tubing conveying liquid that carries heat from the processing components to the cooling components for dissipation.

Abstract: A converter comprises: a housing including an inner space; electronic components disposed in the inner space; a first pipe disposed on the outer surface of the housing and comprising a first-first pipe and a first-second pipe arranged in parallel to and spaced apart from each other; and a second pipe coupled at both ends thereof to the first-first pipe and the first-second pipe, respectively.

Abstract: A battery cooling plate includes at least one planar heat transfer surface that is bounded by four edges. A coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port are both arranged along a first one of the edges, and a coolant flow path extends through the battery cooling plate adjacent to the at least one planar heat transfer surface between the coolant inlet port and the coolant outlet port. The coolant flow path includes a first portion that extends along the entire length of a second, third, and fourth edge of the at least one planar heat transfer surface. The coolant flow path further includes a second portion that is arranged downstream of the first portion. The second portion of the coolant flow path is separated from the second, third, and fourth edges of the planar heat transfer surface by the first portion of the coolant flow path.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a reactor core with one or more heat pipes passing through in an x-direction, one or more heat pipes passing through in a y-direction, and one or more heat pipes passing through in a z-direction. The one or more heat pipes passing through in the z-direction are pumped heat pipes.

Abstract: An immersion-cooling container for single-phase liquid dielectric immersion cooling. The container has a tank and a liner, which mate together to form a sealed inflow channel and one or more sealed outflow channels. The liner and the support base comprise one or more vents to permit passage of dielectric liquid to envelop and cool equipment disposed inside the container. The liner sidewalls have corrugations that define one or more flow channels that promote passage of the liquid coolant from the container and into the outflow channels, thereby enabling continuous circulation of the dielectric liquid.

Abstract: An intercooler lid assembly for an intercooler supercharger system comprising an intercooler lid mountable to a supercharger housing; one or more intercooler cores mounted within the intercooler lid; wherein the one or more intercooler cores configured to receive and cool supercharger air passing there through prior to receipt by an engine, the one or more intercooler cores are mounted to and within the intercooler lid to form a pre-assembled intercooler lid assembly mountable onto the supercharger housing to install the intercooler lid assembly, and the one or more intercooler cores configured to provide heat exchange fluid transfer there through to cool the supercharger air.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to preventing or lessening ice in remote water tanks. The remote water tanks can include a body at least partially defining a chamber that receives a liquid and having an open top portion that provides one or more animals access to the liquid. Further, a heat exchanger can be at least partially received within the chamber, and can receive a thermal transfer fluid that is circulated therethrough to maintain a temperature of the liquid in the chamber. Also, an external heat collector can be in fluid communication with the heat exchanger to transfer solar or other heat to the thermal transfer fluid as the thermal transfer fluid is circulated therethrough.

Abstract: An immersion-cooling container for single-phase liquid dielectric immersion cooling. The container has a tank and a liner, which mate together to form a sealed inflow channel and one or more sealed outflow channels. The liner and the support base comprise one or more vents to permit passage of liquid dielectric coolant to envelop and cool equipment disposed inside the container. The tank sidewalls have corrugations that define one or more down-flow channels that promote passage of the liquid coolant from the container and into the outflow channels, thereby enabling continuous circulation of the liquid dielectric coolant.

Abstract: The diesel-steam power plant is equipped with a water-to-water type heat exchanger and the oil cooling system is equipped with an oil-to-water type heat exchanger, additionally introduced into the design of the proposed invention of the water supply system, a steam generator with a steam turbine and a steam condenser and cooling circulation systems are additionally introduced to the diesel-steam power plant liquids.

Abstract: A thermal peak suppression device includes a heat dissipation fin set, a heat dissipator, a thermal phase change material, a filling gas, a fin-array frame and a capillary tube. The heat dissipator includes a thermal conductive block thermally coupled to the heat dissipation fin set, and a closed cavity formed inside the thermal conductive block to have a hot zone and a cold zone. The thermal phase change material is disposed within the hot zone. The filling gas is disposed within the cold zone. The fin-array frame is connected to the thermal conductive block within the cold zone. Two opposite ends of the capillary tube are respectively located within the cold zone and the hot zone. When the thermal phase change material is transformed into a liquid state, the thermal phase change material is sent to the hot zone through the capillary tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling fluid within an at least partially electrically powered vehicle, with: an apparatus housing including a first housing section and a second housing section. The first housing section and the second housing section are adjacent to each other by a fluidically impermeable contour wall. The contour wall includes a side oriented toward the first housing section and a side oriented toward the second housing section, a first fluid handling element and a second fluid handling element. The first fluid handling element and the second fluid handling element include a first element for generating a controllably variable magnetic field arranged in the first housing section, and a second element movable by the generated magnetic field and arranged in the second housing section. The fluidically impermeable contour wall is continuously configured between the first fluid handling element and the second fluid handling element.

Abstract: A serial pump includes a pump body, a first impeller and a second impeller. A first rotor chamber, a second rotor chamber and a connecting channel are formed in the pump body. The first rotor chamber has a first outlet opening, the second rotor chamber has a second inlet opening, and the connecting channel is communicated between the first outlet opening and the second inlet opening. The first impeller is pivotally arranged in the first rotor chamber, and an outer periphery of the first impeller is arranged corresponding to the first outlet opening. The second impeller is pivotally arranged in the second rotor chamber, and a center of the second impeller is arranged corresponding to the second inlet opening. Accordingly, the first impeller and the second impeller are serially arranged.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a controller configured to operate in a heating normal operation mode and a heating-defrosting operation mode. In a case of switching from the heating normal operation mode to the heating-defrosting operation mode, the controller makes a selection from an initial control mode 1, in which control is performed such that an initial frequency of the compressor is set to a predetermined maximum frequency and an initial opening degree of the flow control device is set to an opening degree lower than a predetermined maximum opening degree, and an initial control mode 2, in which control is performed such that the initial opening degree of the flow control device is set to the predetermined maximum opening degree and the initial frequency of the compressor is set to a frequency lower than the predetermined maximum frequency, to execute the heating-defrosting operation mode.

Abstract: A system for thermal regulation of a nebulizer is provided that is structured to deliver a chilled mist to the snout, muzzle, beak, or trunk of an animal. The system includes a container to house a nebulizer and a thermal material together and a mask to deliver the chilled mist to an animal. The thermal material acts to chill a liquid located inside the nebulizer in order to deliver a chilled mist to the animal for therapeutic purposes, such as initiating therapeutic hypothermia, or treating various respiratory illnesses such as croup, laryngobronchitis, and smoke inhalation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a gas generator for a vehicle safety system, comprising an ignition unit, a propellant configured in a combustion chamber in a form of a propellant bed extending along a longitudinal axis of the gas generator. A sleeve having an axial opening protrudes into the propellant bed such that it surrounds the ignition unit at least partially and portions of the propellant are stored inside and outside the sleeve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid state hydrogen storage device, capable of providing a weight reduction of a hydrogen storage system while inhibiting heat conduction performance from being degraded, and also of increasing hydrogen storage capacity. The present disclosure provides a heat conduction fin including multiple tube passing holes through which the heat exchange tube passes and linear-shaped connecting portions connecting the tube passing holes to each other, and a solid state hydrogen storage device having the same.

Abstract: In a split system heat pump cooling and heating system, an auxiliary hot water storage tank is provided as an energy storage bank. Two sets of coils run through this storage tank, a first set carrying hot refrigerant from the heat pump to deposit energy and a second set carrying hot potable water to remove energy. Valve and switch matrixes are operated at the heat pump to provide hot potable water from the energy storage bank during both normal space heating and cooling operations of the heat pump.

Abstract: To mitigate thermal stress concentration in the vicinity of a flow-volume limiting portion in a stacked plate heat exchanger to thereby prevent fatigue breaking due to the same. The flow-volume limiting portion is also provided with opening portions that are similar to those in flow paths to reduce rigidity difference from flow path portions.

Abstract: The heat sinks with vibration enhanced heat transfer are heat sinks formed from a first body of high thermal conductivity material. The first body of high thermal conductivity material is received within a thermally conductive housing such that at least one contact face of the first body of high thermal conductivity material is exposed, forming a direct contact interface with a heat source requiring cooling. The heat source requiring cooling may be a liquid heat source, including but not limited to water. The thermally conductive housing is disposed such that at least one contact face of the thermally conductive housing is in direct contact with the vibrating base. The vibrating base applies oscillating waves to the heat sink, thereby increasing heat transfer between the heat source and the heat sink.

Abstract: Nuclear reactor systems and associated devices and methods are described herein. A representative nuclear reactor system includes a heat pipe network having an evaporator region, an adiabatic region, and a condenser region. The heat pipe network can define a plurality of flow paths having an increasing cross-sectional flow area in a direction from the evaporator region toward the condenser region. The system can further include nuclear fuel thermally coupled to at least a portion of the evaporator region. The heat pipe network is positioned to transfer heat received from the fuel at the evaporator region, to the condenser region. The system can further include one or more heat exchangers thermally coupled to the evaporator region for transporting the heat out of the system for use in one or more processes, such as generating electricity.

Abstract: An adapter plate and a fastening system for fastening a manifold to a rack in a datacenter is disclosed. The adapter plate is associated with the manifold and has holes to receive buttons in configurable positions. The configurable positions enable the buttons to mate with keyholes of a bracket of the rack in order to fasten the manifold to the bracket.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a gate structure on a channel region of a substrate; a gate mask on the gate structure, the gate mask including a first dielectric material and an impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate mask decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate mask to a lower region of the gate mask; a gate spacer on sidewalls of the gate mask and the gate structure, the gate spacer including the first dielectric material and the impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate spacer decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate spacer to a lower region of the gate spacer; and a source/drain region adjoining the gate spacer and the channel region.

Abstract: A system for thermionic energy generation, preferably including one or more thermionic energy converters, and optionally including one or more power inputs, airflow modules, and/or electrical loads. A thermionic energy converter, preferably including an emitter module, a collector module, and/or a seal, and optionally including a spacer. The thermionic energy converter preferably defines a chamber and/or a heating cavity. A method for thermionic energy generation, preferably including receiving power, emitting electrons, and/or receiving the emitted electrons, and optionally including convectively transferring heat.

Abstract: A coolant distribution unit providing reliant circulation of coolant in a liquid cooling system for a heat-generating component such as a computer server is disclosed. The coolant distribution unit includes a manifold unit having a supply connector to supply coolant to the heat-generating component and a collection connector to collect coolant from a heat exchanger. A first pump has an inlet coupled to the manifold unit and an outlet coupled to the manifold unit. The first pump circulates coolant from the inlet to the outlet. A second pump has an inlet coupled to the manifold unit and an outlet coupled to the manifold. The second pump circulates coolant from the inlet to the outlet. The second pump may be disconnected from the manifold unit, while the first pump continues to circulate coolant through the manifold unit.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger with double-walled tubes, an end junction between inner tube and outer tube comprises an end plate in which there is a seat in which an end portion of the inner tube is housed. The corresponding outer tube is peripherally fixed sealingly around the opening of the seat and a deflector extends the inner wall of the outer tube inside the seat so as to define a toroidal cavity between the deflector and a side wall of the seat. The seat is closed by a bottom which is opposite to the opening of the seat and which has a passage connected sealingly to the end of the inner tube in the seat for the transit of the fluid to be cooled. A radial space is present near the said bottom between the toroidal cavity and internal cavity of the double-walled tube, and the end plate has at least one conduit which emerges inside the toroidal cavity for the inflow or outflow of the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A hybrid tank and tankless hot water system with an inlet bypass and an outlet bypass are configurable between a hybrid heater configuration and an on-demand configuration. In the hybrid heater configuration, the inlet bypass supplies cold water to a cold water inlet of a storage tank and the outlet bypass supplies hot water from an outlet manifold to a recirculation inlet of the storage tank. In an on-demand configuration, the inlet bypass supplies cold water to a cold water manifold for directly providing cold water to hot water heaters and the outlet bypass supplies hot water from the outlet manifold directly to a system hot water outlet. In the bypass configuration, a storage tank and/or recirculation pump are fluidically isolated from one or more hot water heaters to facilitate their maintenance, repair, replacement while still supplying hot water on demand from the hot water heaters.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of first fluid channels, a plurality of conduits for interconnecting the first fluid channels, a plurality of second fluid channels, a plurality of conduits for interconnecting the second fluid channels, wherein the heat exchanger is configured as a plurality of repeating units, each repeating unit comprising: a base plate comprising a first opening, and a first conduit extending from the plate, the shape of the opening corresponding to the shape of the conduit.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling compressor systems to ensure sufficient pressure differentials to provide cooling. A compressor system includes a compressor, a suction pressure sensor at a suction of the compressor, a discharge pressure sensor, a condenser, an expansion device, a liquid line, a liquid line pressure sensor, an evaporator, a condenser blower and a controller. The method includes determining a pressure target based on an intermediate pressure within the compressor and a threshold cooling differential pressure value, determining a pressure ratio setpoint based on the pressure target and a liquid line pressure measured by the liquid line pressure sensor, controlling the condenser blower to operate based on the determined pressure ratio setpoint, determining a subcooling setpoint based on the pressure target and the liquid line pressure in the compressor system, and controlling the expansion device to operate based on the subcooling setpoint.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods of heating and cooling a laser system by providing a vapor compression system having a plurality of compressors. A control system controls the activity of each compressor and activates and manages the speed of each compressor to efficiently provide cooling and heating of the laser system.

Abstract: A buffered multi-fluid heat exchanger and a buffered multi-fluid heat exchange process pertaining to the heat exchange equipment and process sector is disclosed. The heat exchanger (1) comprises a lower tubing or tube bundles (2) through which flows hot process fluid “Q” to be cooled; upper tubing or tube bundles (3) through which flows cold process fluid “F” to be heated, parallel to and spaced apart from the lower tubing (2); a vessel (4) for the tubing (2, 3) provided with inlet (2?) and outlet (2?) nozzles of the tubing (2), inlet (3?) and outlet (3?) nozzles of the tubing (3), and a portion of buffer fluid “T” that fills part of the vessel (4) that covers the lower tubing (2) through which circulates the hot process liquid “Q” to be cooled.

Abstract: A pallet cover suitable for use in covering at least a portion of a payload on a pallet and a kit for use in making the pallet cover. In one embodiment, the pallet cover includes a top wall, a front wall, a rear wall, a left side wall, and a right side wall, wherein the walls are detachably joined to one another. Each of the top wall, the front wall, the rear wall, the left side wall, and the right side wall includes a first fabric sheet and a second fabric sheet, the first and second fabric sheets being joined together to form a plurality of pockets. Each pocket may removably receive a temperature-control member containing a phase-change material. At least one of the top wall, the front wall, the rear wall, the left side wall and the right side wall may include a plurality of detachably joined portions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heat exchanger comprising a first channel, for communicating between a first channel inlet and a first channel outlet, a second channel for communicating between a second channel inlet and a second channel outlet, a third channel for communicating between a third channel inlet and a third channel outlet, a first conduit interconnecting the first channel and the third channel, and thereby defining a first group of interconnected channels, the first conduit extending through the second channel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-chambered constant pressure apparatus for liquid immersion cooling of servers. The apparatus comprises a housing within which two partitions are disposed. The two partitions divide the housing into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber. A coolant is maintained within the first chamber, and an isolating liquid is maintained within the second chamber and the third chamber. At least one heat-generating device is submerged within the coolant maintained within the first chamber. During the operation of a server, a coolant is heated to a boiling point temperature generating a coolant vapor that causes the pressure in chambers to rise. By adjusting the air pressure in chambers prior to use, the rising pressure in chambers caused by the coolant vapor can be efficiently relieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are energy harvesting devices and methods of making and use thereof. The energy harvesting devices can efficiently harvest energy for motions at a frequency of 5 Hz or less.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a DC-DC converter including: a housing; a plurality of electronic components disposed inside the housing; and a flow path disposed on a lower plate of the housing. The flow path includes an expanding portion. The horizontal width of the expanding portion is greater than the horizontal width of a flow path on the front end of the expanding portion, and the vertical width of the expanding portion is less than the vertical width of the flow path on the front end of the expanding portion. The differential between the part wherein the surface area of the vertical cross section of the flow path is the biggest and the part wherein the surface area of the vertical cross section of the flow path is the smallest is 10% or less.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of the present invention, a release port for, in a case where a fluid flows into an internal space, releasing the fluid to an exterior is provided in a protection unit main body of each of protection units arranged on both outer sides of a heat exchange unit, and a protection unit fin plate of the protection unit has such strength that a coupling state between an outer surface of an outermost-layer partition plate and a bonding plate of the protection unit main body facing the outer surface is maintained even in a case where an inner pressure set as a design pressure for a part of the heat exchange unit constituting an outermost-layer flow passage adjacent to the protection unit is applied to the internal space of the protection unit main body of the protection unit.

Abstract: A heat transfer device includes a bag and a working fluid. The bag includes a first sheet and a second sheet with edges that are sealed together. The working fluid is enclosed in the bag. The working fluid changes a phase thereof between gas and liquid. The bag includes a vaporizing portion in which the liquid-phase working fluid is vaporized and a condensing portion in which the gas-phase working fluid is condensed. The bag includes a two-phase flow channel in which liquid-gas two-phase slug flow including the liquid-phase working fluid and the gas-phase working fluid occurs from the vaporizing portion to the condensing portion. The two-phase flow channel is provided in an internal space of the bag.

Abstract: A method includes inserting a food item into an inner volume of a thermal container. A liquid circulating through a liquid jacket at least partially surrounding and fluidically isolated from the inner volume of the thermal container is cooled such that thermal energy from the food item is transferred to the cooled liquid. After the cooling, thermal energy from a first heating element is transferred to the liquid circulating through the liquid jacket such that thermal energy from the heated liquid is transferred to the food item. Thermal energy from a second heating element is transferred to the food item in response to a criterion being satisfied. The second heating element is different from the first heating element and is disposed in the inner volume of the thermal container.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a conduit having open first and second ends, first and second thermal exchange segments disposed in-between and in fluid communication with the ends, and a means for adding fluid to the first end. The first thermal exchange segment is disposed underneath and in thermal communication with the ground, a body of water, or other location with a different temperature. The first and second ends are arranged above all other section of conduit and relative to one another so that they are communicating vessels and a change in fluid level in one changes the fluid level in the other. The means for adding fluid to the first end of the conduit causes fluid to flow freely from the first end to the second end and fluid level to rise in the second overcoming any hydrostatic pressure in the system without a pump disposed along the conduit.

Abstract: Systems for forced air cooling of display assemblies are provided. An electronic display subassembly is located behind a cover and includes an interior channel. An open loop centrifugal fan is positioned at an intake or an exhaust and forces ambient air through an open loop pathway when activated. A closed loop airflow pathway encircles the electronic display subassembly. A closed loop centrifugal fan is positioned at a side channel and forces circulating gas through the closed loop airflow pathway. Electronic components for operating the display assembly are provided with the rear compartment.

Abstract: A thermal management system, the thermal management system having a coolant system, wherein the coolant system includes a battery circuit and a heating/cooling circuit; a second flow channel of a first heat exchanger, a battery heat exchanger, and a first pump form a part of the battery circuit, while a heater, a radiator, and a second pump form a part of the heating/cooling circuit; a first valve device turns on or blocks the battery circuit and the heating/cooling circuit; the coolant system comprises a connection portion, and the connection portion turns on or blocks the battery circuit and the heating/cooling circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor module comprising a semiconductor apparatus and a cooling apparatus, where: the semiconductor apparatus includes a semiconductor chip and a circuit board on which the semiconductor chip is mounted; and the cooling apparatus includes: a top plate on which the semiconductor apparatus is mounted; a jacket including a side wall connected to the top plate, a bottom plate connected to the side wall and facing the top plate, and a cooling pin fin extending in such a manner as to taper from the bottom plate toward the top plate, where at least the bottom plate and the cooling pin fin are integrally formed, and at least one of ends of the cooling pin fin is firmly fixed to the top plate; and a coolant flow portion defined by the top plate and the jacket and for flow of coolant.

Abstract: A heat pump system may include a cooling apparatus of circulating a coolant in a coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided in the coolant line; a battery cooling apparatus of circulating the coolant to the battery module; a chiller for heat exchanging the coolant with a refrigerant to control a temperature of the coolant; a heating apparatus that heats an interior of the vehicle using the coolant; a branch line; a chiller connection line connecting the chiller and the first valve; and wherein the reservoir tank is provided in the coolant line between the radiator and the first valve, and is connected to the coolant line connecting the first valve and the first water pump through the supply line, and wherein a condenser included in the air conditioner is connected to the heating line to pass the coolant circulating through the heating apparatus.