Abstract: The present invention relates to a reservoir tank for coolant that stores the coolant for cooling an internal combustion engine. The reservoir tank includes: a tank chamber that stores the coolant; an opening, which is disposed in an upper part of the tank chamber, through which the coolant flows in and flows out, and in a circumferential wall of which a breathing hole is formed; and a first communication passage, a second communication passage, and a third communication passage that respectively communicate with the opening and the tank chamber.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for de-gasification of vehicle cooling system using a coolant bottle are disclosed. The coolant bottle may include a coolant entrance port configured to be in fluid communication with the vehicle cooling system, and a coolant egress port configured to be in fluid communication with the vehicle cooling system. The coolant egress port is directly connected to the vehicle cooling system. The coolant bottle may further include a plurality of baffle plates placed to divide an interior of the coolant bottle into a plurality of coolant channels. Each baffle plate may include a plurality of apertures configured to provide fluid communication between the plurality of coolant channels.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to an apparatus comprising at least two chambers, each chamber comprising at least one wall defining the chamber, a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet through the wall of the chamber and an opening separate from the fluid inlet and fluid outlet. The fluid inlet and fluid outlet are configured such that a fluid enters the chamber via the fluid inlet and exits via the fluid outlet. A gas enters the chamber via the fluid inlet and exits the chamber via the opening, wherein the opening of each of the chambers is fluidly connected to a common fluid reservoir. The apparatus may be used for degassing multiple coolant circuits in a vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes embodiments of apparatuses and methods related to a computing apparatus with a closed cooling loop thermally coupled to one or more processors disposed on a circuit board of the computing apparatus. The closed cooling loop circulates a dielectric fluid to absorb heat from the processor. A portion of the dielectric fluid is evaporated from the processor heat absorbed by the dielectric fluid. A heat exchanger is coupled to the circuit board and thermally coupled to the closed cooling loop. The heat exchanger is to include a coolant flow to remove heat from the dielectric fluid circulated through the portion of the closed cooling loop thermally coupled to the heat exchanger. A vapor portion of the dielectric fluid is condensed from the heat removed by the coolant flow. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for a vehicle is provided and includes inside and outside condenser circuits. The inside condenser circuit includes a first valve receiving a first portion of refrigerant out of a compressor, and a cabin condenser receiving and condensing the first portion from the first valve while heating an interior of a cabin. The outside condenser circuit includes: a second valve receiving a second portion of the refrigerant out of the compressor; an outside condenser receiving and compressing the second portion from the second valve; a reservoir downstream from the cabin condenser and the outside condenser receiving the first and second portions; a heat exchanger downstream from the reservoir; and a bypass valve connected in parallel with the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger and the bypass valve receive portions of the refrigerant from the reservoir. A control module controls positions of the first, second and bypass valves.

Abstract: An assembled industrial tablet is provided. A first floating connector, which is disposed on a screen assembly, and a second floating connector, which is disposed on a tablet assembly, are assembled, and the tablet assembly is limited in an assembly space of the screen assembly through limiting structures of the screen assembly, so that the industrial tablet is assembled. Therefore, the technical efficiency of assembling the industrial tablet conveniently may be achieved.

Abstract: A temperature control system includes a first temperature adjustment unit storing fluid at a first temperature; a second temperature adjustment unit storing fluid at a second temperature higher than the first temperature; a low-temperature flow path for passing fluid supplied from the first temperature adjustment unit; a high-temperature flow path for passing fluid supplied from the second temperature adjustment unit; a bypass flow path for circulating fluid; a combination flow path for passing fluid from the low-temperature flow path, the high-temperature flow path, and the bypass flow path merged at a merging part; a temperature adjustment part that passes fluid from the combination flow path and cools/heats a member of a semiconductor manufacturing device; and a control device that controls valve positions of variable valves attached to the three flow paths upstream of the merging part and adjusts the flow rate distribution ratio for the three flow paths.

Abstract: There is provided a laser device that is able to reduce management tasks by employing microbubble-containing water in which cooling water contains microbubbles. A semiconductor laser device includes a laser oscillation device that includes the one or more laser cavities and a housing that houses the one or more laser cavities; a cooling unit that is arranged outside the laser oscillation device, and can cool circulated cooling water that is used to cool the laser oscillation device; and a cooling water circulation passage that links the laser oscillation device and the cooling unit to allow the circulated cooling water to circulate therethrough, the circulated cooling water being microbubble-containing water that contains microbubbles having a peak diameter of 100 ?m or less.

Abstract: In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an information handling system may include a plurality of information handling resources including a thermal manager and a liquid cooling adapter comprising fluidic conduits for conveying a refrigerant liquid between a cooling distribution unit external to the information handling system and at least one of the plurality of information handling resources, a computer-readable medium configured to store information regarding the liquid cooling adapter, and a sideband interface communicatively coupled between the computer-readable medium and the thermal manager such that the thermal manager receives the information regarding the liquid cooling adapter from the computer-readable medium and provides thermal control of the information handling system in accordance with the information regarding the liquid cooling adapter.

Abstract: Voice activated electronic devices are described herein. In some embodiments, the voice activated electronic device may include a housing forming a cavity. An array of microphones, one or more speakers, and one or more cameras may be located within the cavity. Furthermore, the voice activated electronic device may include a display screen and a touch screen, which may both be coupled to the housing such that the housing is substantially enclosed. In some embodiments, the array of microphones is positioned about the housing such that audio input may be detectable from audio output by the speaker(s) while the speaker(s) are outputting audio. For instance, one or more vibration mitigators may be included to dampen vibrations that may affect a performance and functionality of the one or more components located within the cavity.

Abstract: A liquid coolant supplying header is configured on a central portion in the width direction between an upper portion heatsink and a partitioning plate, a liquid coolant discharging header is configured on a central portion in the width direction between a lower portion heatsink and the partitioning plate so as to be parallel to the liquid coolant supplying header, vertical flow channels are formed so as to pass through the partitioning plate vertically on two sides in the width direction so as to be parallel to the liquid coolant supplying header, a liquid coolant distributing structural body is disposed inside the liquid coolant supplying header, and an external shape of the liquid coolant distributing structural body is formed such that flow channel cross-sectional area of the liquid coolant supplying header becomes gradually smaller from an upstream end toward a downstream end.

Abstract: A traction box of a railway vehicle includes pieces of electric equipment; and a cooling device including a first and second fluid circuits, respectively crossing first and second heat exchange areas with the pieces of electric equipment; and first and second of heat exchangers, respectively crossed by the first and the second fluid circuits and allowing heat exchange between the fluid and a first air flow. The fluid circuits include a first common conduit for fluid circulation, crossing the first exchanger, and then connected to the second and to a third parallel conduits, the second conduit belonging to the second fluid circuit and first crossing the second exchanger and then the second heat exchange area.

Abstract: An electronic and/or computer device of the computer server type includes: circuit boards and a power supply unit which provides electrical power to various elements of the electronic device. The power supply unit has a fluidtight enclosure, filled with dielectric fluid capable of collecting heat from various components of the power supply unit in order to release it to a heat exchange wall, and is removable. The device includes a two-phase heat transfer circuit with capillary pumped loop having an evaporator thermally coupled to the heat exchange wall of the power supply unit, and a condenser located at a distance from the power supply unit and thermally coupled to a general thermal collector, such that, when in the working position, the heat exchange zone is pressed against the evaporator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling arrangement comprising a heat spreader (2) comprising a first surface (5), a second surface (8), at least one heat absorption chamber (9) and at least one heat dissipation chamber (10), the at least one heat absorption chamber (9) being in thermal contact with the first surface (5) and the at least one heat dissipation chamber (10) being in thermal contact with the second surface (8) and hydraulically coupled to the at least one heat absorption chamber (9). A cooling fluid (13) can be driven from the heat absorption chamber (9) to the heat dissipation chamber (10) using a plurality of flow patterns for cooling the first surface (5).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for cleaning a semiconductor processing chamber is provided. The semiconductor processing chamber may include a UV radiation source, a substrate holder, and a UV transmissive window. The UV transmissive window may include one or multiple panes. One or more panes of the UV transmissive window may be non-reactive with fluorine containing chemistries. In multi-pane windows a purge gas flow path may be formed in the gap between windows. A purge gas may be flowed through the purge gas flow path to prevent process gases used in the chamber interior from reaching one or more panes of the UV transmissive window.

Abstract: A liquid control architecture is designed to control a liquid flow rate based on the workload of the IT components of an electronic rack, which provides sufficient cooling capability to each IT component, saving a total cost of pump energy. A coolant distribution unit (CDU) is included in each electronic rack to pump a liquid flow to a liquid supply manifold of the electronic rack. Each outlet on the supply manifold provides heat removal liquid to each IT component (e.g., one or more GPUs of a server blade) using flexible tubing. The liquid heat removal system utilizes the workload of each IT component to drive the CDU pump speed. In addition, the temperature of the IT components rather than return liquid temperature is utilized as a baseline to monitor the temperature of the electronic rack and change the control logic (e.g., liquid flow rate) as needed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling arrangement comprising a heat spreader (2) comprising a first surface (5), a second surface (8), at least one heat absorption chamber (9) and at least one heat dissipation chamber (10), the at least one heat absorption chamber (9) being in thermal contact with the first surface (5) and the at least one heat dissipation chamber (10) being in thermal contact with the second surface (8) and hydraulically coupled to the at least one heat absorption chamber (9). A cooling fluid (13) can be driven from the heat absorption chamber (9) to the heat dissipation chamber (10) using a plurality of flow patterns for cooling the first surface (5).

Abstract: A power electronics module is provided having one or more power converter semiconductor components. The power electronics module further has a substrate having a first surface to which the one or more components are mounted, and having an opposing second surface from which project a plurality of heat transfer formations for enhancing heat transfer from the substrate. The power electronics module further has a coolant housing which sealingly connects to the substrate to form a void over the heat transfer formations of the second surface. The coolant housing has an inlet for directing a flow of an electrically insulating coolant into the void and an outlet for removing the coolant flow from the void, whereby heat generated during operation of the one or more components is transferred into the coolant flow via the substrate.

Abstract: A rack frame includes a first plenum to serve as a first structural member and to supply air based on a blind-mate supply interface. A second plenum is to serve as a second structural member and to exhaust air based on a blind-mate exhaust interface. The first plenum is to structurally support and supply air for a removable module, and the second plenum is to structurally support and exhaust air from the removable module.

Abstract: A tank for a heat exchanger includes a tank member and a base member. The tank member has one of a pre-crimped tab and a slot portion on a first lateral side. The pre-crimped tab is bent outward from a longitudinal axis. The slot portion has a throughhole. The base member has the other of the pre-crimped tab and the slot portion on the first lateral side. The tank member and the base member are fitted together to define an inner cavity therebetween. The pre-crimped tab is inserted in the throughhole on the first lateral side. One of the tank member and the base member is crimped to the other of the tank member and the base member on a second lateral side.

Abstract: A cooling unit includes a tank having an inlet port and a discharge port for refrigerant, first and second radiators connected to the tank, the first and second radiators each having a flow path, an inlet chamber defined in the tank for supplying the refrigerant flowing therein from the inlet port to the first radiator, a discharge chamber defined in the tank for discharging the refrigerant cooled in the second radiator to the discharge port, and a reservoir in which bubbles generated in the refrigerant are collected, the reservoir being provided between the inlet chamber and the discharge chamber in the tank.

Abstract: A bonding tool cooling apparatus (10) provided in the vicinity of a bonding stage, including a frame (12); a cooling member (16) including a ground plate (14) having a ground surface (14a) on which a front edge surface of a bonding tool (61) is grounded, and a heat radiation fin (15) attached to an opposite surface of the ground plate (14) to the ground surface (14a), wherein the cooling member (16) is supported on the frame (12) by a support mechanism (200) so that the cooling member (16) is rotatable about two axes, i.e., an X axis extending along the ground surface (14a) and a Y axis extending along the ground surface (14a). Bonding tool cooling time can be thereby reduced.

Abstract: A reliable, leak-tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump and/or an air compressor in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. Alternatively, the system can use a single vacuum pump and a valve assembly to circulate coolant. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. The system provides both air and liquid cooling so that if the liquid cooling system does not provide adequate cooling, the air cooling system will be automatically activated. The heat may be removed from the building efficiently with a cooling tower.

Abstract: A heat dissipation component includes a first film, a second film, and a working fluid. The second film is connected with a part of the first film to form a plurality of vein channels. The vein channels include a main vein channel and a plurality of branch vein channels, and the main vein channel is connected with the branch vein channels. The working fluid is disposed in the vein channels. The heat dissipation component is bendable to be easily assembled with an electronic device. The working fluid may flow in the vein channels via a pressure difference generated by a phase transition, gravity, and a capillary effect, or via a pressure difference generated, by a pulse generator to transfer the heat to the whole heat dissipation component. The first film and the second film may have heat conduction material to improve the heat transfer rate.

Abstract: Expansion reservoir (1) for a coolant circuit, having a fill opening (3) that can be closed by a lid (2) and is located in the geodetically upper region of the expansion reservoir (1), wherein a differential-pressure-controlled valve (4) having at least two switching positions is integrated into the lid (2), and having at least one inlet port (5) which opens into a lid region (10), and an outlet port (6) in the geodetically lower region of the expansion reservoir (1), wherein the inlet port (5) is closed by the valve (4) in a first switching position and is opened in at least one second switching position, thus allowing the inlet port (5) to vent into the expansion reservoir (1).

Abstract: A cooling module includes a casing with a thermal-transmittance wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface, a coolant inlet, a vapor outlet, and a converting component with a plurality of orifices and dividing an interior of the casing into a coolant chamber and a vaporization chamber. A liquid coolant is ejected through the plurality of orifices to form plumes toward the interior surface of the thermal-transmittance wall and exchange heat with the thermal-transmittance wall resulting in coolant vapor. In a cooling system, a vapor conduit then carries the vapor to a condenser, and a coolant conduit returns the condensed coolant to the cooling module. The cooling system is used to cool a lamp device.

Abstract: A system and process for recovering heat from a bitumen froth treatment plant use a sealed closed-loop heat transfer circuit. The system has a heat removal exchanger associated with the plant and receiving hot froth treatment process stream; heat recovery exchanger; the circuit; and an oil sands process fluid line. The circuit includes piping circulating heat exchange media having uncontaminated and low fouling properties. The piping includes a supply line to the heat removal exchanger and a return line for providing heated media to the recovery exchanger. The circuit has a pump for pressurizing the heat exchange media; a pressure regulator for regulating pressure of the media. The pump and the pressure maintain the media under pressure in liquid phase. The oil sands process fluid is heated producing a cooled media for reuse in the heat removal exchanger. High and low temperature heat removal exchangers can be used.

Abstract: An energy delivery device cooling system includes a reservoir connector assembly and an elongate member. The elongate member has first and second lumens in fluid communication with the reservoir. The first lumen includes an outflow port and the second lumen includes a return port each in fluid communication with the reservoir. The device further includes a tubing system having a first end and a second end. The first end connected in fluid communication with the outflow port and the second end in fluid communication with the return port. The second end configured to return a fluid to the reservoir. The tubing system connects to an energy delivery device to cool the fluid.

Abstract: A water tank includes a box, an air valve body, a valve core, a cap, and an elastic element. The box defines an accommodating space and a vent communicating with the accommodating space. The air valve body is extended out from the box and adjacent to the vent. The valve core is mounted to the valve body to airproof the vent, and comprises a first end inserted into the accommodating space through the vent and a second end opposite to the first end. The elastic element is arranged between the cap and the valve core. The valve core will open the vent to deform the elastic member and allow heated air in the accommodating space to leak out of the accommodating space through the vent, in response to an air pressure in the box is greater a reference air pressure.

Abstract: A washing liquid tank for a vehicle, includes a vertically extending wall (1) that divides the tank into a first chamber (2) including at least one liquid filling opening (4) in the lower portion thereof, and a second chamber (3) including at least one pumping opening (5) in the lower portion thereof, the second chamber having a wall that is common with a reheating body (6), the first and second chambers communicating together through a communication opening (7) formed in the lower portion of the wall (1) in order to allow the filling of the second chamber (3). The tank is characterized in that the second chamber has a volume lower than that of the first chamber and in that the first and second chambers (2, 3) further communicate together via an air passage (8) provided at the upper portion of the second chamber (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine able to dispense hot beverages such as short coffee, long coffee, tea and/or hot water. The machine comprises a substantially aluminium supporting structure, side panels, base and top, which are substantially made of aluminium, a pod-holding unit and a heat exchanger for heating the water. The heat exchanger for heating the water comprises an elongated body provided with a casing housing internally a heating element provided with helical grooves for passage of the water and, centrally, with a longitudinal cavity which houses a resistance. The parts are configured and formed so that the machine may be used in particularly small spaces such as those on-board vessels of the yacht and boat type and aircraft and/or in very small size kitchens with little available space.

Abstract: A coolant de-aeration system is provided that includes a coolant reservoir, a plurality of de-aeration chambers within the reservoir, a plurality of de-aeration chamber apertures that direct coolant flow through the de-aeration chambers, a reservoir inlet and a reservoir outlet that share a common coolant flow pathway that allows the majority of coolant to flow directly between the reservoir inlet and the reservoir outlet, and a reservoir inlet aperture that directs a portion of coolant passing along the common coolant flow pathway through the reservoir's de-aeration chambers for de-aeration prior to being returned to the common coolant flow pathway.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from difluoromethane (R-32) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A coolant de-aeration system is provided that includes a coolant reservoir, a plurality of de-aeration chambers within the reservoir, a plurality of de-aeration chamber apertures that direct coolant flow through the de-aeration chambers, a reservoir inlet and a reservoir outlet that share a common coolant flow pathway that allows the majority of coolant to flow directly between the reservoir inlet and the reservoir outlet, and a reservoir inlet aperture that directs a portion of coolant passing along the common coolant flow pathway through the reservoir's de-aeration chambers for de-aeration prior to being returned to the common coolant flow pathway.

Abstract: Use of an inert gas in a fluid-operated heat exchange system. A cooling loop of a heat exchange system is purged with an inert gas to remove oxygen from the cooling loop. Coolant is added to the cooling loop of the heat exchange system. The coolant flows in the cooling loop of the heat exchange system to mix the inert gas with the coolant to provide a solution having a reduced concentration of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reheating the water of the windscreen washers of a motor vehicle comprising, in the engine compartment thereof, a degassing box (1) forming part of the engine cooling system, and at least one tank (3) for pressurised washing water, said tank being associated with a circulation pump which pumps water therefrom and supplies said water to nozzles for spraying the same over the windscreens. The inventive device is characterised in that the tank (3) at least partially surrounds the degassing box (1), leaving a separation space of a determined thickness thereinbetween, and a double-walled hollow body (4) is integrated into said space, defining a closed thermal insulating volume.

Abstract: A coolant circulation circuit includes a pipe through which a liquid coolant cooling an object to be cooled circulates, and a heat exchanger cooling the coolant. The pipe has an inner circumferential surface provided with a plurality of bubble trapping regions capable of trapping bubbles and placed at a distance from each other in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the pipe, such that air within the pipe can be divided and trapped in the plurality of bubble trapping regions.

Abstract: A liquid system for circulating a liquid through a circulation loop includes a liquid pump, a primary liquid reservoir and an auxiliary liquid reservoir. The liquid pump pressurizes liquid within the circulation loop. The primary liquid reservoir has a primary variable volume expandable to accommodate volumetric expansion of pressurized liquid up to a threshold volume. The auxiliary liquid reservoir has an auxiliary variable volume expandable only after the threshold volume is exceeded up to a maximum volume.

Abstract: A heat exchanger that can mechanically automatically control a level of cooling water according to heat generation of the fuel cell. The heat exchanger includes a housing having a cooling water inlet and an outlet connected to a fuel cell stack, a moving plate which moves reciprocally in the housing and discharges cooling water filled in the housing to the stack when it moves in a one direction and when it receives a steam pressure from the stack it moves in an opposite direction, and an elastic member that applies a force to the moving plate in the one direction. The heat exchanger can automatically maintain the level of cooling water despite a difference in heat generated between a full and a partial load operation of the fuel cell obviating complicated electronics such as a thermo-sensor, a valve, or a controller. Also, under a partial load, the exposure of flow channels to superheated steam is avoided, thereby extending the lifetime of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A reserve tank includes a tank body for storing coolant, an inflow portion for allowing the coolant to flow into the tank body, a guide portion, and an outflow portion for allowing the coolant to flow out of the tank body. The guide portion is disposed above the inflow portion and below a liquid level of the coolant in the tank body. Furthermore, the guide portion is adapted to guide a flow of the coolant flowing thereinto from the inflow portion and directed upward, substantially in a horizontal direction or downward with respect to the horizontal direction. Therefore, the reserve tank can restrict air from being trapped in coolant.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus that controls a temperature of a target object by a heat exchange between a temperature control liquid and the target object. The apparatus includes a pressurizing unit that pressurizes the temperature control liquid to increase a boiling point thereof; a heating unit that increases a temperature of the temperature control liquid to become higher than or equal to a boiling point of the temperature control liquid observed at a normal pressure; and a heat exchanging unit that exchanges heat between the target object and the temperature control liquid whose temperature has been increased to become higher than or equal to the boiling point of the temperature control liquid observed at the normal pressure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for distributing a thermal interface material. The system includes: an integrated circuit chip; a heat sink; and a compliant thermal interface material (TIM) between the integrated circuit chip and the heat sink. During assembly of the system, a mating surface of the heat sink and a mating surface of the integrated circuit chip are shaped to distribute the TIM in the predetermined pattern as the TIM is pressed between the mating surface of heat sink and a corresponding mating surface of the integrated circuit chip.

Abstract: A pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWNR) 100 includes a core having a containment shield 105 surrounding a reactor vessel 110 having fuel assemblies that contain fuel rods filled with fuel pellets 115, and control rods 118, and a steam generator 120 thermally coupled to the reactor vessel 110. A flow loop includes the steam generator 120, a turbine 130, and a condenser 135, and a pump 140 for circulating a water-based heat transfer fluid 145 in the loop. The heat transfer fluid 145 includes a plurality of nanoparticles having at least one carbon allotrope or related carbon material dispersed therein, such as diamond nanoparticles.

Abstract: A cooler includes a body, a water tank installed in the body for storing cooling water, a pump fixed in the water tank, a water pipe connected to the pump and extending upward, a spray pipe connected to the water pipe, at least one gas cooling device located above the spray pipe, at least one fan fixed on top of the body, at least one wind hole formed in a side of the body, at least one cooling pipe uprightly installed in the body and having an upper portion passing through heat-dispersing chips of the gas cooling device and a lower portion passing through heat-dispersing chips of the water cooling device, and at least one water-heat exchanger below the spray pipe and having a heat-dispersing element. The cooler has two stages of cooling by air and water, having a high effect of swift cooling high temperature to low temperature.

Abstract: An expansion tank comprising a bladder style water storage tank and method of use. The expansion tank includes an alarm module to sense a flooded tank condition. The system also has the ability to sense a bladder over-extended condition. The expansion tank use includes a sonic alarm and/or a visual alarm and is used in combination with a boiler or related hot water system. Method steps using the described design are also included. The hydro-pneumatic expansion tank has important utility in HVAC, boiler and potable water systems.

Abstract: The invention is a converter for converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The energy conversion takes place by causing magnetic particles that are initially suspended in ferrofluid to circulate in the converter and to induce electric currents when they pass through one or more coils of electric wires that are coiled around parts of the conduits of the converter. The particles are caused to circulate around the main circuit of the converter by controlling the local temperature and pressure at different locations in the main circuit. The invention also is a method of using the converter to produce electricity.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising a first surface, a second surface, and a spacer configured to maintain a cavity between the first surface and the second surface, wherein the cavity has a thickness less than or equal to about 20 thousands of an inch (mils) and has a width-to-thickness ratio greater than or equal to about 8:1, and wherein the cavity allows any fluid in the cavity to exchange heat with the first surface, the second surface, or both is disclosed. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising a thermal load and a heat exchanger substantially adjacent to or integrated with the thermal load, wherein any fluid flowing through the heat exchanger has a velocity greater than or equal to about 20 feet per second (fps).

Abstract: A regulating heat exchange and cooling method and system for monitoring and controlling the temperatures of walls subjected to high temperatures. The system is used to cool the inner wall of a thermal system having a double wall, the inner wall being subjected to temperatures equal to or greater than the physical capacity thereof. The system includes a network of tubes which is independent of the thermal system to be cooled. The tubes contain pressurized cooling water which circulates therethrough. The tubes have nozzles which spray and project water in the form of solid cones against the inner wall, the nozzles being controlled by adjustable-flow valves. The network of tubes forms an integral part of the outer wall of the thermal system to be cooled and the system also includes elements for maintaining the water projection area defined by the inner and outer walls in a vacuum condition.

Abstract: The invention relates, in general, to internal combustion engine cooling, in particular for a motor vehicle, more specifically to a cooling agent compensation tank of a cooling circuit, in particular a low-temperature circuit for indirectly cooling a super-charging air for an internal combusting engine and to a method for cooling a highly heated structure, in particular an internal combustion engine. The inventive compensation tank is integrated into a main cooling circuit, wherein a means for directly introducing the cooling fluid is arranged on the compensation tank between the input and output connections and the cooling fluid flow coming into the compensation tank runs directly from the input connection to the output connection by means of said directly introducing means.

Abstract: An indoor and outdoor cooling system that is provided with a one or more nozzles that are adapted to spray a fine water mist into the air. The cooling system also includes a fan and a dehumidifier. The dehumidifier is adapted to introduce dehumidified air into the area being cooled. The mixing of the dry dehumidified air with the water mist causes the water mist to evaporate which causes the removal of the vaporization heat from the surrounding air to lower the air temperature.