Abstract: A latent heat accumulator gives up its heat when a heat exchange medium is assed through the accumulator and around a circuit containing an external heat sink. The heat storage medium in the accumulator changes its state from liquid to solid as it gives up heat. In order to prevent heat exchange medium from being trapped by the heat storage medium as it solidifies, the exchange medium is always introduced directly into a zone where the storage medium is liquid.

Abstract: Shell and tube heat exchangers achieve greater efficiency and substantially eliminate instabilities due to condensate subcooling by the location of flow restricting orifices at the outlet ends of heat exchanger tubes adjacent to the outlet header. Outlet orificing preferentially passes liquid condensate so as to prevent accumulation of condensate within the tubes and permits a higher tubeside temperature, even in the most heavily loaded tubes. In a two-pass configuration all tubes are outlet orificed. In a four-pass system, the most heavily loaded tubes (second pass) are orificed, although all tubes may be outlet orificed. Outlet orificing may be used in conjunction with inlet orificing which is used to provide greatest mass flow of tubeside steam to most heavily loaded tubes. Outlet orificing may be used in connection with vertical or horizontal U tube configurations. Preferred embodiment is utilized in a moisture separator reheater for use with steam turbines to reheat steam for later turbine stages.

Abstract: A heat reclaimer for the exhaust flue of a heating unit comprising, a housing having an air input space, an air output space, and an exhaust space, with a plurality of tubes connected between and communicating the air input space with the air output space and extending through the exhaust space. The exhaust flue of the heating unit is connected into the exhaust space of the housing and an exhaust output is connected to the housing extending from the exhaust space for venting exhaust coming from the heater into the exhaust space to a chimney, for example. A float or level switch is connected to the housing near the bottom of the exhaust space for switching, for example, an alarm if water accumulates in the exhaust space from condensed water vapor in the exhaust. At least one hole is also provided in the housing above the level of the float switch to permit condensed water to leave the exhaust space. The hole is provided in case the float switch clogs with soot.

Abstract: A heat storage unit is disclosed having a vertically cylindrical container accommodating a latent-heat storage medium and a conduit introducing a heat carrier liquid not miscible with the medium at the bottom of the container. The conduit has an exit nozzle which is located outside the axial center of the cylinder and nearly perpendicular to the radius of the cylinder so that the heat carrier liquid enters the cylinder at the bottom in a direction to cause the heat storage melt to be set into a rotary motion.

Abstract: Apparatus for countercurrently contacting solids with a liquid comprises a rotatable drum housing a screw conveyor having helical turns affixed to the cylindrical side wall of the drum and defining a helical passageway for the solids between the turns, the passageway is divided into a series of compartments. Each compartment has a grating receiving the solids and raising the received solids while liquid is drained through the grating and then permitting the drained solids to fall into a succeeding compartment, and an imperforate partition trailing the grating in the direction of rotation of the drum, the partition defining a chamber receiving the liquid drained from the solids with the adjacent side wall of the drum and the helical screw turns. A passageway interconnects each chamber with the upstream compartment and these passageways extend along the side wall of the drum.

Abstract: A method of charging and discharging a heat accumulator is disclosed, when a heat exchange medium is passed through a heat accumulator medium. The heat exchange medium can either be heated or cooled external to the heat accumulator medium. If it is heated, it gives up its heat to the accumulator medium, and in doing so changes from the gaseous to the liquid state. If it is cooled, it absorbs heat from the accumulator medium, and in doing so changes from the liquid to the gaseous state. In both cases, the opposite change of state is brought about by the heating or cooling external to the heat accumulator medium.

Abstract: Process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other hot water sources, by direct contact heat exchange between the brine or hot water, and an immiscible working fluid, e.g. a hydrocarbon such as isobutane, in a heat exchange column, the brine or hot water therein flowing countercurrent to the flow of the working fluid. The column can be operated at subcritical, critical or above the critical pressure of the working fluid. Preferably, the column is provided with a plurality of sieve plates, and the heat exchange process and column, e.g.

Abstract: A power generating plant which includes a direct contact-type heat exchanger. A low-boiling point medium such as freon and a heat-source medium such as heated oil, are injected from a lower portion of the heat exchanger so that the two media are brought into direct contact with each other thereby vaporizing the gaseous low-boiling point medium. The low-boiling medium acts as a working fluid while it circulates through a closed cycle of the plant which includes a turbine and a condenser. The heat-source medium, circulates in a closed cycle of the plant which includes a heating unit.

Abstract: A sample conditioner for cooling, cleaning and drying hot vaporous samples for subsequent GLC analyses is disclosed. It comprises a heat exchange chamber for cooling such sample to near ambient temperature, and a separator chamber for the separation of condensable components from the sample.

Abstract: A process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines or other hot aqueous solutions of a non-volatile solute, by direct contact heat transfer using staged evaporator-condenser units operating with a low boiling water-immiscible liquid hydrocarbon. Each stage comprises a closed vessel divided into two compartments, an evaporator and a condenser, by a bubble cap tray similar in construction to those used in distillation. Hot geothermal brine or other hot aqueous liuqid is introduced into the liquid hydrocarbon contained in the lower compartment of each stage, causing boiling of the hydrocarbon at a temperature difference of 2.degree.-4.degree. F. Hydrocarbon vapors pass from the evaporator compartment through the bubble caps to the upper condenser compartment where they are condensed in contact with a cooler water stream, and the condensed hydrocarbon is returned to the lower compartment.

Abstract: Energy is stored by heating a salt to a temperature above its latent heat of fusion to convert the salt to a liquid state. Heat is retrieved by moving a heat transfer fluid consisting of liquid metal or metals immiscible with the salt, and having a density less than that of the salt, over the top surface of the liquid salt at such a velocity that the upper layer of the salt is emulsified with the heat transfer fluid to crystallize the salt in the upper layer. Heat is thereby exothermally surrendered to the heat transfer fluid and the crystallized salt gravitates from said top surface, thereby maintaining the top surface in a liquid state. It is preferred to move the heat transfer fluid over the top surface of the salt in either a vortex pattern, or an outward radial pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the condensation of sulphur vapor and for the separation of sulphur droplets from a gas flow, preferably from the reaction gas flow from a Claus catalyst. Such apparatus comprises a vessel, a nest of tubes arranged in the vessel between tube plates, pipe connections at the vessel for the supply and discharge of a coolant flowing around the nest of tubes and an inlet pipe connection and an outlet pipe connection for the gas flow at the vessel, upstream and downstream of the said nest of tubes, respectively. Positioned in the vessel is a sulphur separation unit through which the sulphur-containing gas flows and on the surfaces of which sulphur vapor condenses and/or liquid sulphur collects and agglomerates. Sulphur discharge openings are provided in the bottom of the vessel on both the upstream and downstream sides of the separation unit.

Abstract: An improved reheater for a moisture separator reheater includes an inlet header, an outlet header and a plurality of heat-exchange tubes connected therebetween. The inlet header is partitioned to provide at least two separate sections. Piping and control valves are also provided to supply steam to each section of the inlet header from the reheater inlet pipe. The improved reheater includes at least one bundle of tubes communicating with the header(s) via tubesheet(s). The inlet ends of the tubes may be differentially orificed whereby in combination with a nominal flow rate to the partitions, in-tube condensate subcooling is substantially eliminated with minimal scavenging steam at design conditions. At off-design, or low power level, conditions, where fixed resistances of orifices and fixed partitions cannot accommodate changes in heat transfer demand from tube to tube, the aforementioned control valves are automatically adjusted.

Abstract: In a heat storage device which utilizes the latent heat of fusion of a storage mass, the specific gravity of a heat carrier liquid is sufficiently different from that of the molten storage mass which is substantially immiscible with the liquid, for layers to be formed, and the rotor of a pump or mixer is so arranged in a layer of the liquid that a vortex is formed, whereby a mixture of the molten mass and the carrier liquid is sucked up by it. The mass is diminuted into small spheres and the heat exchange between the latter and the carrier liquid is intensified.

Abstract: A phase change material heat exchanger wherein the latent heat of a substance as its physical state changes from solid to liquid, and vice versa, is utilized as a heat storage medium. Structure is also disclosed whereby a heat transfer fluid is intimately associated with the phase change material so as to accomplish the desired heat exchange between the phase change material and the heat transfer fluid. As a result of the construction utilized for the heat exchanger, the addition of homogenizing agents to the phase change material is not required.

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring heat between solid particles includes a rotatable cylindrical drum which includes plates mounted on the interior surface of the drum wall to extend inwardly thereof. Also included is an elongate vibratory screen disposed within the drum but supported independently of the drum. The screen includes a plurality of apertures of generally uniform size and is inclined with respect to the horizontal. A plurality of vanes are located underneath the screen to guide material falling from the screen toward one end of the drum. A feed bin is provided to introduce a first granular material onto the screen near said one end of the drum, with the particles of such granular material generally being of a size greater than the size of the apertures in the screen. A second feed bin is provided to introduce a second granular material into the other end of the drum, with the particle size of the second granular material generally being less than the size of the apertures.

Abstract: An apparatus for scavenging condensate from the interior of a cylinder, such as a drying cylinder of a papermaking machine, which is heated by means of condensable medium. The apparatus comprises a siphon arranged in the cylinder and forming a mainly radial passage. One end of the passage opens in the vicinity of the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder while the other end of the passage is in communication with a condensate scavenging pipe which extends along the cylinder axis and is in communication with a region outside the cylinder to scavenge condensate from the interior of the cylinder. The passage formed by the siphon is composed of a plurality of parallel and mutually delimited part passages. A pressure difference sensing means is arranged in the cylinder to sense the difference between the pressure in the cylinder and respectively a pressure depending upon the pressure drop in the siphon and a preset reference pressure.

Abstract: There is disclosed an air cooled condenser comprising a tube bundle having rows of tubes arranged to be successively contacted by cooling air, an inlet header at one end of the bundle connected to the tubes of one of the outermost rows and the row adjacent thereto, an outlet header at the one end of the bundle connected to the tubes of the other outermost row and the row adjacent thereto, and means at the other end of the bundle connecting the tubes of the outermost rows to one another and the tubes of the adjacent rows to one another.

Abstract: Apparatus for vaporization of liquids having a boiling point lower than that of water, comprising a vessel having at least three narrow planar plena, contiguous to each other, so that there is a single metal wall between each adjacent pair of plena. Gaseous fuel and air is supplied to the first plenum to provide a downflowing flame and hot products of combustion which, at the bottom of the first plenum, pass through the wall into the second plenum, which is filled with water. The hot gases and water rise rapidly in the second plenum and the water flows over the intervening wall into the third plenum, which is also filled with water, which moves downwardly and back under the wall separating the second and third plena, and again rises in the second plenum. A vertical array of horizontal pipes is arranged in the third plenum, through which the liquid to be vaporized is flowed.

Abstract: A water separator consisting of a baffle and scupper is inserted inside the outlet header of a regenerative heat exchanger for removing water from the air discharged therefrom. The cooled air which contains water droplets leaving the core of the heat exchanger is passed through a baffle constructed to provide a gradual restriction in area in order to increase flow velocity. Heavy droplets of water are separated by the sudden change in airflow direction through the baffle and header. The flow including the heavier centrifuged water droplets then impinge on the inside surface of the header to which the accumulated particles of water adhere and are accelerated by the airflow and the contour of the header toward a scupper located downstream of the baffle opening. The water is collected in the scupper cavity, collected in a drain well, and drained with the assistance of gravity and the resulting pressure differential across the drain port.

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring heat between solid particles includes an inclined cylindrical drum in which is disposed a helical auger. The outer lip of the auger, which is maintained in contact with the interior wall of the drum, is curved in the upward direction of the incline axis. The auger blade includes a plurality of apertures of generally uniform size. A feed bin is provided to introduce a first granular material into the upper end of the drum, with the particles of such granular material generally being of a size less than the size of the apertures in the auger blade. A second feed bin is provided to introduce a second granular material into the lower end of the drum, with the particle size of the second granular material generally being greater than the size of the apertures. The drum and auger are rotatable about the incline axis.

Abstract: A one way flow and return system for vapor cooled transformer heat exchangers employs an inlet coupled with an entrance manifold and an outlet coupled with a return manifold. The incoming vaporized coolant enters the entrance manifold in a first direction of flow and the condensed vapor droplets leave the exit manifold in an opposite flow direction. The arrangement of separate entrance and exit manifolds prevents interference between the incoming vaporized coolant and the returning condensed coolant.

Abstract: A manifold is disposed in the inlet portion of a U-tube heat exchanger head to produce four passes, an outlet portion of the head forms a plenum chamber between the second and third pass to remove condensate from the steam and the manifold is vented to increase the effective scavenging of condensate from the tube side of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for two vapor media comprises a number of straight tube bundles arranged in side-by-side horizontal relation and so connected with each other that heating steam flows through them in series. Each tube bundle is provided with a distributing chamber at the steam entrance end and a receiving chamber at the steam discharge end, a condensate drain is provided at each receiving chamber, the heating steam is throttled as it passes from the receiving chamber of one tube bundle to the distributing chamber of the next tube bundle in the series, the heat exchange areas of the tube bundles diminish in the flow direction such that the heating steam first flows through the tube bundle having the greatest heat exchange area, and steam to be superheated flows in heat exchange relation with the exterior surfaces of the tubes in a cross-counterflow manner.

Abstract: A method for recovering sensible heat from a thermally decomposed high temperature hydrocarbon gas product in the form of high pressure steam of from 40 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 has been discovered. This method comprises pre-cooling at first the thermally decomposed gas product of high temperature by mixing said gas product with sprayed low temperature hydrocarbon oil as a quenching oil to a temperature of about 300.degree. to 400.degree. C.; and then passing the resulting mixture through the tubes of a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger so as to transfer the heat of said mixture into a high pressure water flowing through the space of the shell side thereof to recover a high pressure steam, followed by separating the condensed hydrocarbon oil from the mixture to reuse said oil by recirculation.

Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Abstract: The feedwater heater of this invention comprises a plurality of heating tubes arranged in U form, with feedwater being passed therethrough, a feedwater inlet chamber having a feedwater inlet for introducing feedwater thereinto and a tube plate assembling the ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a feedwater outlet chamber having a feedwater outlet for discharging the heated feedwater and a tube plate assembling the other ends of said heating tubes and also having formed therein a feedwater reservoir, a first cylindrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube nest consisting of the U-formed heating tube portions positioned on one side as well as support plates holding said heating tubes in position, said cylindrical body having its one end communicated with said feedwater outlet chamber and also provided with a hot steam inlet for introducing hot steam that serves as the feedwater heating source, a second cylndrical body or shell having disposed therein a tube n

Abstract: The system for condensing gases such as steam includes a housing with a gas inlet. At least one vertical column of vertically spaced separate tube bundles are in the housing. A separate water conduit is connected to the inlet of each of the separate tube bundles.

Abstract: An upper tank of a heat exchanger for an automotive vehicle is divided into an upper room and a lower room by a partition wall, on which a positive pressure valve and a negative pressure valve are provided for respectively forming a passageway from the lower room to the upper room when the pressure in the lower room exceeds a predetermined value and a passageway from the upper room to the lower room when the pressure in the lower room becomes lower than a predetermined value, whereby the upper room serves as a reserve tank.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus which includes an air-cooled condenser having main and vent portions for use in condensing steam or other vapors containing non-condensibles such as air at a pressure near or below atmospheric, a pot into which condensate from an outlet header for the condenser is drained, and equipment for ejecting air and other non-condensibles from the outlet header to the atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and apparatus for transferring heat to a cooler gas from a hotter gas which contains tri-atomic molecules with good infra-red energy absorption characteristics, for example CO.sub.2. The hotter gas is passed in a first direction along a conduit, and simultaneously the cooler gas is jetted through and across the hotter gas in a direction transverse to the hotter gas direction. This allows the tri-atomic molecules minimally entrained in the cooler gas jets to provide heat to the cooler gas firstly through transferring their initial kinetic energy to the cooler gas molecules by way of collision, and secondly by absorbing infra-red energy radiated from the hotter gas and passing this absorbed energy to the cooler gas molecules also through collision.

Abstract: A water tank for a transverse flow radiator which tank is of the type including an overflow chamber separated from a main coolant stream collecting chamber by means of a substantially vertical partition, openings for permitting a secondary stream of coolant to flow through the overflow chamber and a fill tube opening into the overflow chamber and adapted to be provided with a pressure relief valve. The water tank is made in one piece as a cast or die-cast member with an overflow chamber which is disposed coaxially below the fill tube and which has a cross-sectional area which is equal to or less than that of the fill tube.

Abstract: A condenser, connected to receive carbon dioxide and vapors from a liquid fermenting in a container, comprises reflux tubes with baffles in a unit cooled to about -50.degree. C, whereby the vapors condense, reflux and are collected in a funnel from where they flow down a tube dipping into the fermenting liquid. The purified carbon dioxide passes out through an exhaust pipe and may be solidified.

Abstract: A heat-transporting fluid F is passed over a material C having a high latent heat of fusion and in direct contact therewith so that the fluid and the material exchange heat at a temperature close to the melting point of the material. By contacting the hot fluid F with the material C, this material melts and accumulates heat in the form of latent heat of fusion while cooling the fluid F. When the cold fluid is contacted directly with the material C, this material solidifies and releases heat which is transmitted to the fluid F.

Abstract: Energy is stored by heating a salt to a temperature above its latent heat of fusion to convert the salt to a liquid state. Heat is retrieved by moving a heat transfer fluid that is immiscible with the salt and has a density less than that of the salt over the top surface of the liquid salt at such a velocity that the upper layer of the salt is emulsified with the heat transfer fluid to crystalize the salt in the upper layer. Heat is thereby exothermally surrendered to the heat transfer fluid and the crystalized salt gravitates from said top surface, thereby maintaining the top surface in a liquid state. It is preferred to move the heat transfer fluid over the top surface of the salt in either a vortex pattern, or an outward radial pattern.

Abstract: A control device regulating flow rate of a two-phase mixture of steam and water through a vent conduit in fluid communication with the exit from the fourth pass of a four-pass heat exchanger and a low pressure source. The heat exchanger conducts a first fluid vapor through the first and second tube side passes while condensing a portion of the first fluid vapor therein and separating the resulting mixture into condensate and vapor portions at the exit of the second pass. The separated first fluid vapor is then routed through the third and fourth passes where additional condensation of first fluid vapor takes place. A high ratio of first fluid vapor to first fluid condensate is maintained in all four passes to prevent tube failure due to cyclic tube temperatures resulting from alternate flooding and draining of the tubes' interior. The first fluid exiting from the fourth pass is a two-phase mixture of vapor and condensate which must both be vented to a lower pressure source.

Abstract: A heat-transporting fluid F is passed over a material C having a high latent heat of fusion and in direct contact therewith so that the fluid and the material exchange heat at a temperature close to the melting point of the material. By contacting the hot fluid F with the material C, this material melts and accumulates heat in the form of latent heat of fusion while cooling the fluid F. When the cold fluid is contacted directly with the material C, this material solidifies and releases heat which is transmitted to the fluid F.

Abstract: A heat-transporting fluid F is passed over a material C having a high latent heat of fusion and in direct contact therewith so that the fluid and the material exchange heat at a temperature close to the melting point of the material. By contacting the hot fluid F with the material C, this material melts and accumulates heat in the form of latent heat of fusion while cooling the fluid F. When the cold fluid is contacted directly with the material C, this material solidifies and releases heat which is transmitted to the fluid F.

Abstract: A deaeration system for a cross-flow radiator requiring continuous deaeration utilized with an internal combustion engine, wherein the radiator includes a vertical inlet tank and a vertical outlet tank connected by a tube and fin core. A generally vertical baffle divides the outlet tank into two compartments, one of which functions as a receiver tank for the core while the other compartment functions as a reservoir tank having a filler neck for a cap and pressure relief valve communicating therewith, and the radiator fluid outlet communicates with the reservoir tank adjacent the bottom thereof.

Abstract: Heat exchange method and apparatus are disclosed which include the use of o non-mixable media of different temperatures that are brought in direct contact with each other to effect the transfer of heat from the heating medium to the heat storage medium. One of the media is normally a fluid and the other is preferably a substance -- such as a crystalline material -- which is operable between solid and liquid phases, whereby the latent heat produced by the phase transition is utilized in the heat exchanging process. Owing to the non-mixability of the two media, the first medium is bubbled through the second in direct heat exchanging contact when the second medium is in the liquid phase.

Abstract: An interconnection arrangement for a dual temperature isotope exchange process of the type having a first stage made up of a cold tower, a hot tower, a humidifier and a dehumidifier with a recycled gas stream passing in countercurrent isotope exchange relationship with a liquid stream in the said towers and a similar second stage, said first stage having heat exchange means between humidifier and dehumidifier formed of humidifier and dehumidifier recycle loops passing through a heat exchanger, the improvement comprising means for feeding a portion of the liquid passing in the dehumidifier recycle loop of the first stage to the top of the humidifier of the second stage, means for feeding the liquid passing through the humidifier of the second stage back to the dehumidifier recycle loop of the first stage, and means for passing a portion of the liquid from the first stage in heat exchange relationship with the liquid in a dehumidifier recycle loop of the second stage.

Abstract: A vapor condenser for a system and apparatus for condensing and recovering vapors of low volatile liquids such as hydrocarbons has a U-shaped passage therethrough with one end of said U-shaped passage in communication with an inlet for vapors of the low volatile fluids to be condensed and the other end of said U-shaped passage is in communication with a discharge outlet for non-condensible gases, finned coil sections having passages for passing cooling fluid therethrough are disposed in said U-shaped passage, said finned coil sections having the fins thereon more widely spaced adjacent the inlet end of the U-shaped passage and the fins being more closely spaced on the finned section progressively the more remote the finned sections are from the inlet to the U-shaped passage, and the fins on the more closely spaced finned coil sections being lined up with the fins on the widely spaced finned coil section of the U-shaped passage, a collecting chamber at the end of said U-shaped passage remote from the inlet end

Abstract: The end of the heat exchanger into which the vaporized heat-containing medium enters is divided into at least three chambers by partitions. The U-shaped tubes which pass the heat-containing medium into a heat exchange relation with a medium to be heated connect the three chambers sequentially in the flow path of the heat-containing medium but with a diminishing number of tubes connecting each sequential pair of chambers. The intermediate chambers allow the condensate formed by the heat-containing medium to be separated from the remaining vapor prior to passage of the vaporized medium into the next set of tubes.

Abstract: Damage to steam condensers resulting from freezing of condensate when operating at below freezing ambient air temperature and at low steam flow rates and/or low ambient temperatures is prevented by causing air or other non-condensible inert gas or gases to accumulate in tubes and/or headers of the condenser for a period of time sufficient to substantially lower the heat transfer capacity of the condenser but insufficient to cause damage due to freezing of condensate. The accumulation is caused by shutting off the air takeoff from condensate headers and/or introducing additional air or other non-condensible gas into the apparatus for a controlled, predetermined period of time.

Abstract: High temperature thermal exchange between molten liquid and a gas stream is effected by generating in a confined flow passageway a plurality of droplets of molten liquid and by passing a gas stream through the passageway in heat exchange relationship with the droplets. The droplets are recovered and adjusted to a predetermined temperature by means of thermal exchange with an external source for recycle. The process provides for removal of undesired solid, liquid or gaseous components.

Abstract: A device for chill-drying a gas comprising a gas/gas heat-exchanger and a gas/cooling medium heat-exchanger located within a pressure vessel such that the heat-exchangers define channels between themselves and the walls of the vessel, which channels connect a gas outlet at the bottom of the gas/gas heat-exchanger with a gas inlet at the top of the gas/cooling medium heat-exchanger. The pressure vessel is cylindrical and the gas/gas heat-exchanger has a curved surface lying against the inner surface of the pressure vessel, and a planar surface abutting against the gas/cooling medium heat exchanger which has a rectangular cross-section and its corners remote from the gas/gas heat exchanger abutting against the walls of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A surface condenser is separated into a plurality of compartments. Each compartment is provided with tray collecting members for collecting condensed steam. If contaminated condensed steam develops in a particular compartment, the normally used condensed steam outlet is no longer used and the contaminated condensed steam is fed through a normally closed condensed steam conduit and out of the surface condenser housing. The contaminated condensed steam from the emergency outlet is then cleaned-up or sent to a waste disposal area.Only tne condensed steam from the compartment containing the contaminated condensed steam is removed from the housing. Thus, it is not necessary to shut down the entire surface condenser operation if contamination occurs only in a local area.

Abstract: A finned tube heat exchanger for isolating sublimates, especially phthalic anhydride, in which the finned tubes arranged in parallel alongside one another and above one another and connected by headers and tube bends permit flow through them successively in the first, then the third, then the second and then the fourth row, and that the transverse fins are arranged in rows staggered laterally in opposite directions by an amount corresponding to from half the spacing to the whole spacing between adjacent fin edges.

Abstract: The present invention provides a condensate guide arranged in the path of a flow of air through an A-coil heat exchanger including slabs oriented generally horizontally relative to the air flow. The condensate guide is positioned downstream of the heat exchanger so that condensate when blown from the surface of the heat exchanger by the air flow therethrough impinges on the guide thereby removing it from the path of air and directing it to an appropriate drain.

Abstract: A recuperator structure for recovering heat values from a moisture laden hot gas stream and for utilizing these heat values to heat a space such as a room in which the structure comprises first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth ducts with the first, second and third ducts being used for conveying air from ambient to the space and having located therein heat exchangers and the fourth, fifth and sixth ducts communicating with the same heat exchangers for conveying a hot moist gas therethrough for heat exchange with the ambient air and then exhausting to the ambient, the result being that the hot moist gas gives up its heat values in the heat exchangers to the ambient air which is then exhausted in the resulting heated condition into the room.