Abstract: An arrangement for guiding a medium, preferably compressed, gaseous hydrogen, is described. The arrangement encompasses a medium line, a cooling medium return line which surrounds the medium line, and a cooling medium feed line. The cooling medium return line and the cooling medium feed line are hereby preferably arranged in direct heat contact. The arrangement can furthermore be surrounded by a jacket tube.

Abstract: A first flow passage (R1) in which uncombusted gas (G1) that contains a combustible fuel is injected from a nozzle hole that is smaller than the flame quenching distance at a flow speed to thereby enable flame maintenance is combusted, and thereby enables flow of combustion gas (G2) resulting from such combustion, and a second flow passage (R2) formed about the first flow passage and enabling flow of uncombusted gas supplied through the nozzle hole are provided. According to the present invention, the combustion chamber in a heating apparatus that heats a liquid to be heated is be reduced in size, the flame in the combustion chamber can be stabilized, and energy efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A building is disclosed, with which the air may be guided from a heat reservoir into an interspace, and/or from the interspace into the heat reservoir through conduits.

Abstract: A double-wall pipe includes an outer pipe, and an inner pipe disposed inside the outer pipe. An outer wall of the inner pipe has thereon a ridge portion, which defines a groove portion extending in a longitudinal direction of the inner pipe. The outer pipe and the inner pipe are bent to have a straight portion extending straightly, and a bend portion bent from the straight portion. In the straight portion, the outer pipe has an inside diameter that is larger than an outside diameter of an imaginary cylinder defined by an outer surface of the ridge portion of the inner pipe. Furthermore, the ridge portion of the inner pipe contacts an inside surface of the outer pipe to be readially squeezed and held by the outer pipe, in the bend portion. The double-wall pipe can be suitably used for a refrigerant cycle device.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly including a first member having a heat transfer surface adapted to directly contact a device to be cooled; a second member including coolant channels and a separate fluid channel; and a connection which at least partially mechanically connects the first member to the second member. The connection includes three bellows forming three conduits between the channels in the second member and the first member. A second one of the bellows and a third one of the bellows are located inside a first one of the bellows.

Abstract: A double-wall-tube heat exchanger has outer and inner tubes. A clearance between the outer and inner tubes and the interior of the inner tube serve as refrigerant flow paths. Opposite end portions of the inner tube project from opposite ends of the outer tube. The outer tube includes expanded portions formed near the opposite ends. Contracted portions are formed on the outer tube to be located on the outer sides of the expanded portions, and are brazed to the inner tube. Longitudinally extending ridges project radially inward from the inner circumferential surface of the outer tube at predetermined circumferential intervals. The ridges on the inner circumferential surfaces of the expanded portions and the contracted portions are crushed. The clearances between the inner tube and portions of the contracted portions of the outer tube where the ridges are not formed are filled with a brazing filler metal.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling reaction gas. A cooled tube receives hot reaction gas from a hot, uncooled tube. The cooled tube comprises a cooled inner tube and a tubular jacket that extends about the inner tube. A tubular connection is disposed between the uncooled and the cooled tubes, and includes a fork-shaped inlet head via which the inner tube is in communication with the uncooled tube. The inlet head is provided with an outer tubular section and an inner tubular section between which is disposed an intermediate space filled with heat-insulating material. The outer tubular section is connected to the tubular jacket. The inner tubular section is spaced slightly axially from the inner tube and is provided with an edge region that juts outwardly and is spaced slightly axially from the inner tube, this slight axial spacing being equal to or less than a maximum thermal expansion of the inlet head.

Abstract: Example motor cooling radiators for use in downhole environments are disclosed. A disclosed example radiator comprises a cylindrical housing having an annular passageway. The housing defines an inlet at a first end of the housing and an outlet at a second opposite end of the housing. A channel is arranged within the annular passageway of the housing along a spiral path to transport the first liquid and to define a spiral flow passageway between the inlet and the outlet for the second liquid. In operation, the first liquid does not contact the second liquid and heat is transferred between the first and second liquids as the second liquid flows in the spiral passageway.

Abstract: A short, compact heat exchanger is disclosed to include an inner tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube concentrically arranged together to form a triple-tube structure, a thermal fluid flowing through the intermediate tube, a heat-transfer medium flowing through the outer tube and the inner tube to make heat exchange with the thermal fluid. If the thermal fluid can be a refrigerant and the heat-transfer medium can be room temperature water so that the heat exchanger can be used in an air-conditioning refrigerating system to substitute for a condenser or evaporator.

Abstract: A heat exchange system heats an influent liquid. The heat exchange system includes a plurality of heat exchanger modules arranged in a stacked configuration. Each of the heat exchanger modules includes a housing and three flow paths separated by heat transfer elements in the housing. Liquids flowing through two of the flow paths transfer heat through the heat transfer elements to influent liquid flowing through a flow path therebetween. The housing includes two opposed cover members on opposite sides of the heat transfer element and the flow paths. The heat exchange system also includes a support structure for supporting the plurality of heat exchanger modules. The support structure includes support elements engaging the cover members of the heat exchanger modules at opposite ends of the stacked configuration. Internal pressure on the cover members resulting from liquids in the flow paths is transferred to the support structure to inhibit outward deformation of the cover members.

Abstract: Solar collectors heat and self pump heat transfer fluid at reduced system pressure without mechanical intervention for heat exchange with hot water in a storage tank. Slugs of hot fluid are pumped by steam bubbles formed in solar collector tubes through an upper manifold and an exit-tube into an upper hot fluid reservoir. Hot fluid flows downward through a heat exchanger at the tank. Cold fluid returns to a lower reservoir. Vapor flows from the upper reservoir and is condensed by cooler water and walls of the lower reservoir. The cool fluid returns from the lower reservoir to a lower manifold supplying the collector tubes. Below ambient pressure is automatically established in the system. When heat build-up increases pressure in the system, fluid flows to a third closed variable volume reservoir. A float valve in the bottom of the third reservoir allows liquid to return to the system when it cools.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an exhaust pipe of an air conditioner. The air conditioner includes a condenser, a first pipe, an air duct and a second pipe. The condenser is located in the air conditioner, an end of the first pipe is close to the condenser, the other end is penetrated out of a side of the condenser, and an interior of the first pipe is provided with the second pipe. An end of the second pipe is connected with the air duct (the air duct is located in the air conditioner), and the other end is penetrated out of the first pipe. Therefore, when the air conditioner is running, hot air is sucked into the condenser through the first pipe and then the circulated hot air is sent out of a room from the second pipe through the air duct, such that indoor temperature can be reduced effectively.

Abstract: A quench exchanger and quench exchanger tube with increased heat transfer area on the process side of the tube are provided. The exchanger provides increased heat transfer efficiency relative to a fixed tube length and at the same time eliminates stagnant and low velocity areas as well as recirculation eddies. The tubes incorporate a fin profile on the process side of the tube with alternating concave and convex surfaces. Additionally, the fins are preferably aligned with the tube center line as opposed to being twisted or spiraled.

Abstract: Petroleous production is associated with effluents well known to foul lines, nozzles, and containers while consuming substantial energy to assist in both production and remediation. A heat exchanger and manifold system maximizes flows, minimizes changes in flow cross-section, and maximizes heat transfer area, while recycling both water and heat between processes. Dirty regions and clean regions result from scrubbing horizontal exhaust stacks and evaporation of production water in concert to remediate one another, while recycling a significant portion of the energy consumed by each. The heat exchanger relies on a manifold having many layered conduits, each connected to a single layer level of one or more cylindrical conduits in the exchanger. The cylinders of the exchanger themselves are arranged in multiple layers, each layer of a heat exchanger element being connected to a single layer of the manifold.

Abstract: A process for continuously stripping a polymer dispersion comprising a heat exchanger with minimal internal obstructions for the stripper. The process is particularly adapted to dispersions that are heat and shear sensitive. The process is able to extract hydrophobic VOC's more efficiently than a single, jacketed tube design.

Abstract: Cooling performance of a cooler for pre-cooling humid gas supplied to a gas turbine power generation plant, etc. is improved by increasing heat transfer efficiency between the humid gas and cooling liquid flowing in heat exchanger tubes with utilization of condensed liquid generated due to the cooling of the humid gas. In a heat exchanger for cooling humid gas a flowing surrounding heat exchanger tubes 8 of the tube groups 9a and 9b by flowing cooling liquid r in the tubes, the liquid droplets cl generated by condensation of moisture contained in the humid gas are gathered and sprinkled or fallen in drops on a part of the heat exchanger tube group 9b, which results in increased heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: An improved flue gas cooler (10), or bank of coolers (10), handles flue gas G from aluminium reduction cells in an aluminium smelter plant. The or each flue gas cooler (10) has a gas inlet chamber (14), a gas outlet chamber (16), and a matrix of gas cooling tubes (18) extending between the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber. Each cooling tube (18) has a bell-shaped inlet end (19) comprising an aerodynamically curved gas-accelerating profile effective to facilitate streamlined flow of flue gas G into the tube. The improved flue gas cooler makes it possible to connect the flue gas cooler to receive hot raw flue gas G direct from the aluminium reduction cells without getting clogged by dust and sublimates present in the flue gas. Once cooled, the flue gas can be safely passed on to a flue gas cleaning plant of the dry scrubbing type.

Abstract: The present invention provides dynamic control of back gate bias on pull-up pFETs in a FinFET SRAM cell. A method according to the present invention includes providing a bias voltage to a back gate of at least one transistor in the SRAM cell, and dynamically controlling the bias voltage based on an operational mode (e.g., Read, Half-Select, Write, Standby) of the SRAM cell.

Abstract: A method of constructing an inner thermal lining or jacket of a jacketed gasifier having an outer shell with an opening allowing access to an interior of the gasifier, includes inserting jacket wall segments (40) into the gasifier interior through the opening, the jacket wall segments (40) each comprising an elongate jacket plate (42) with an annulus face (44) and a plurality of transversely extending longitudinally spaced stiffener formations (46) standing proud of the annulus face (44). The jacket wall segments (40) are arranged side by side leaving an aperture or space between adjacent jacket plates. The stiffener formations (46) of adjacent spaced jacket wall segments are welded together through the aperture or space between said adjacent spaced jacket wall segments, and the apertures or spaces are closed with window plates.

Abstract: A device for cooling a gas stream of a combustion engine is disclosed, the cooling accomplished by means of a cooling medium with a housing in which at least a first channel is placed for conducting the gas flow through and a second channel for conducting the cooling medium through, whereby the first and the second channel are in thermal contact with each other. The housing includes an extruded part, in which at least one channel of the first and second channel are formed.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas-cooling device of the present invention includes, a heat exchanger that perform beat exchange between a hydrogen gas and a liquefied gas to cool a hydrogen gas; and a head tank that stores the liquefied gas supplied to the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger has double pipe structure in which the hydrogen gas flows in an inner pipe, an outer pipe is filled with the liquefied gas, the pipe axis of the double pipe structure is vertically or obliquely arranged, a liquefied gas supply pipe that supplies the liquefied gas from the head tank is connected to a bottom part of the outer tube, and a return pipe that returns the liquefied gas to the head tank is provided at a position upper than that of the bottom part of the outer pipe.

Abstract: To provide a method and an arrangement for heat treatment of substrates which allow continuously adjustable cooling rates over a wide temperature range with simultaneously largely homogeneous temperature distribution over the area of the heating/cooling plate, a cooling/heating plate is provided containing a multiplicity of cooling/heating pipes running parallel to one another. Each cooling/heating pipe comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe which can carry a flow, and an interspace between them which can carry a flow. Each inner pipe is connected to a supply line for water and each interspace is connected to a supply line for air, with water and air being routed simultaneously though the cooling/heating plate.

Abstract: A process of converting oxygenates to light olefins is disclosed including an oxygenate feedstream with contacting catalyst inside a reactor and converting the oxygenate feedstream to said light olefins. The catalyst becomes spent as deposits from the reaction clog up pores on the catalyst surface. A portion of the spent catalyst is regenerated in a regenerator and a portion is circulated back to contact more of the oxygenate feedstream. A catalyst cooler attached to the reactor can cool the spent catalyst circulated through the cooler before the spent catalyst contacts more of the oxygenate feedstream. In an embodiment, all of the spent catalyst that enters the catalyst cooler is withdrawn from the bottom of the catalyst cooler.

Abstract: An internal heat exchanger assembly for an air conditioning system, having a housing defining a cylindrical with opposing ends. The ends are sealed with end caps having inlets/outlets. A helical coil tube is coaxially disposed within the cylindrical cavity, in which the helical coil includes two tube ends extending in opposing directions and exiting the cylindrical cavity through tube ports provided in the end caps. A twisted elongated strip is coaxially disposed within the cylindrical cavity extending from the first end to the second end. The twisted elongated strip includes a plurality of radially extending fingers adapted to engage the helical coil to maintain the helical coil in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A thin plate thermally coupled to a cooling tube is positioned between a heating plate and a substrate and is adapted to serve as a heating plate or a cooling plate for the substrate. The thin plate and heating plate may be positioned in a load lock for the expeditious heating and cooling of large-area substrates. The cooling tube may include a first conduit, a second conduit disposed inside the first conduit having substantially no contact with the first conduit and containing a working fluid, and an isolation region disposed between the first conduit and the second conduit. The working fluid may be thermally decoupled from the thin plate by evacuating the isolation region and thermally coupled to the thin plate by filling the isolation region with a heat-conducting gas.

Abstract: A heat pump liquid heater for heating a liquid comprising: a heat pump; a liquid tank in heat communication with the heat pump, wherein the liquid tank comprises the liquid; and at least one metal condenser tube immersed into the liquid, wherein the metal condenser tube forms at least one coil. The metal condenser tube has a flattened double-tube configuration and a cross-section defined by concentric ovals such that at least a portion of the concentric ovals is in contact with one another thereby minimizing space between the flattened double-tubes. The heat pump comprises a tube-in-tube heat exchanger and a compressor, wherein the tube-in-tube heat exchanger recovers heat from refrigerant returning from the liquid tank and transfers the recovered heat to refrigerant going to the compressor thereby superheating the refrigerant.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor including a heat exchanger and a method are provided for transferring heat to a coolant and a reaction fluid. The catalytic reactor includes a reaction fluid flow path, a reaction region, and a coolant flow path. A reaction fluid catalytically reacts at a surface area in the reaction region thereby generating heat. The heat is transferred to a coolant and the reaction fluid based on the coolant and reaction fluid convective heat transfer coefficients respectively. In one embodiment, the ratio of the coolant convective heat transfer coefficient to the reaction fluid heat transfer coefficient is at least 5:1.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a multi-lumen tubing having one end connected to a supply fitting and another end connected to a return fitting. The tubing has a central lumen, a middle lumen that surrounds the central lumen and an outer lumen that surrounds the middle lumen. The supply fitting has an inlet, an outlet and a proximal port wherethrough an infusate is input to the heat exchanger. The supply fitting is configured such that its inlet is connected to the central lumen, its outlet connected to the outer lumen, and its proximal port connected to the middle lumen of the tubing. The return fitting is configured to establish a through passage between the central lumen and the outer lumen of the tubing so that a heating fluid fed through the supply fitting to the central lumen is returned to the supply fitting by way of the outer lumen.

Abstract: An improved heat exchanger tube which can be used in an air-to-air intercooler or other air-to-air heat exchangers. The cooling tube has a first tube with an inner and outer surface and a second tube with an inner and outer surface. The second tube is located inside the first tube. There are one or more walls extending from the inner surface of the first tube to the outer surface of the second tube. A plurality of fins are located on the outer surface of the first tube. The fins can take the form of individual circular fins or one or more helical fins.

Abstract: A milk pasteurizing unit having a force fluid convection chamber which is adapted to hold a milk product mass therein. There is an ejection nozzle which is in communication with a pressurization device such as a pump which forcefully ejects a nozzle over a separator plate which separates the milk product mass from a direct heat source such as a combustion chamber. The force convection of the milk prevents scalding of the same and allows for a more rapid heat transfer from the heat source to the milk product mass.

Abstract: A heat exchanger according to certain embodiments includes an outer portion formed of at least one inflatable cell and an inner portion. The inflatable cell has inner and outer surfaces that are separated from each other and at least partially support the outer portion when inflated. The outer portion defines a first interior passage configured to convey fluid. The inner portion is positioned within the outer portion, the inner portion defining a second interior passage configured to convey fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hot water supplying system of a boiler equipped with a double pipe heat exchanger, which can normally perform a heating operation in the boiler having the double pipe heat exchanger, in which an outer pipe used for a hot water pathway and an inner pipe used for a heating water pathway are installed, under a circumstance where water supply is stopped. The hot water supplying system includes: a double pipe heat exchanger including an outer pipe to which combustion heat is directly transferred from a burner of a combustion chamber; a cold water pipe for supplying water to the outer pipe of the heat exchanger; and a hot water supplying pipe through which water is discharged from the outer pipe of the heat exchanger, wherein a backflow cutoff valve and a pressure absorbing device are mounted on the cold water pipe.

Abstract: An coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a body 4 on the surface of which are provided helical or spiral paths 5 which will provide multiple and turbulent flow paths A for a first fluid such as water which is caused to flow through chamber 3 relative to a spirally wound heat exchange tube 6 and in a heat transfer relationship with a second fluid flowing through the tube 6. The tube 6 has one or more further helical or spiral flow paths 9 on its external surface. The multiple flow paths A will extend the residence time for the first fluid within the heat exchanger 1 and this together with the turbulence will maximise heat transfer. Preferably a portion of the first fluid flow will be through a central aperture in body 4 where turbulence is also created by the helical or spiral paths of the tube 6 as it extends through the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hybrid combustor, such as an anode tailgas oxidizer (ATO), for fuel processing applications which combines both flame and catalytic type burners. The hybrid combustor of the present invention combines the advantages of both flame and catalytic type burners. The flame burner component of the hybrid combustor is used during start-up for the preheating of the catalytic burner component. As soon as the catalytic burner bed is preheated or lit off, the flame burner will be shut off. Optionally, the hybrid combustor may also include an integrated heat recovery unit located downstream of the catalytic burner for steam generation and for the preheating of the feed for a reformer, such as an autothermal reformer.

Abstract: A heat exchanger tube is disclosed herein comprising a first portion, a twisted portion, and a transition portion between the first portion and the twisted portion. The transition portion includes a reinforcing sleeve. A heat exchanger formed from the tube and a method of forming a heat exchanger tube also are disclosed. The tube is useful in making a heat exchanger configured to operate at high pressures without mechanical failure.

Abstract: A liquid gas vaporization and measurement system, and associated method, for efficiently vaporizing a continuous sample of liquid gas, such as liquid natural gas (LNG), and accurately determining the constituent components of the gas. A constant flow of liquid gas sampled from a mass storage device is maintained in a vaporizing device. Within the vaporizing device the liquid gas is flash vaporized within heated narrow tubing. The liquid gas is converted to vapor very quickly as it enters one or more independently operating vaporizer stages within the vaporizing device. The vapor gas is provided to a measuring instrument such as a chromatograph and the individual constituent components and the BTU value of the gas are determined to an accuracy of within +/?0.5 mole percent and 1 BTU, respectively.

Abstract: A heat exchanger that is applicable to a pump and a system where a plurality of tubular elements or cores, each comprising a support cylinder or half-cylinder and at least one curved heat exchange plate. Each plate separating a first cavity from a second cavity where the first cavity contains a liquid and the second cavity receiving a coolant causing the thermal expansion or contraction of the plate. The heat exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to withstand high mechanical stresses. This design makes it better to withstand high pressures despite a large diameter of the cylindrical heat exchange plates without an increase to the thickness of these plates. The pressure being exerted on the tubular elements is primarily radially, more particularly from the outside to the inside for the thinnest cylindrical heat exchange plate in contact with the cavity containing cold coolant or air.

Abstract: Disclosed are an instantaneous boiler and a double pipe heat exchanger for the instantaneous boiler supplying heating water and hot water, which can obtain hot water output larger than heating water output, simultaneously use the heating water and the hot water, and have a simple piping structure. The heat exchanger includes: an outer pipe used for a hot water pathway, to which combustion heat is directly transferred from a burner in a combustion chamber; and an inner pipe used for a heating water pathway and extending through the outer pipe.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes: a casing; an external cylinder which is arranged inside the casing with a clearance formed between the external cylinder and an inner surface of the casing and is supported in a cantilevered manner, has a closed end portion, and forms a first fluid passage between the external cylinder and the casing; and an internal cylinder which is arranged inside the external cylinder with a clearance formed between the internal cylinder and an inner surface of the external cylinder and is supported in a cantilevered manner, is open at both ends, and forms a second fluid passage, which is turned around at the closed end portion of the external cylinder, between the internal cylinder and the external cylinder.

Abstract: A system for assuring subsea hydrocarbon production flow in pipelines by chilling the hydrocarbon production flow in a heat exchanger and causing solids to form, periodically removing deposits and placing them in a slurry utilizing a closed loop pig launching and receiving systems.

Abstract: A temperature controlled piping system has at least one pipe section having: an outer pipe; and an inner pipe generally concentric to the outer pipe for transporting temperature sensitive fluid therethrough, the outer and inner pipes forming therebetween at least one temperature control space; such that transmission of temperature controlled fluid through the temperature control space influences temperature of the temperature sensitive fluid flowing through the inner pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heat exchanger for altering the temperature of water from a fluid circulation line of a recreational body of water. The heat exchanger includes a helical tube-in-tube assembly adapted for flow therethrough of a plurality of fluids for heat transfer therebetween, and the heat exchanger further includes a tank defining a chamber in which said helical tube-in-tube assembly is positioned. In an exemplary embodiment, the chamber is an annular chamber, and the tank includes a cylindrical wall defining an external cavity extending through said tank.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer includes an inner tube including a liquid fuel inlet for receiving liquid fuel and plural openings, a fuel vaporizing chamber formed on the inner tube, and comprising a fuel vapor outlet, an outer housing formed on the fuel vaporizing chamber, such that a reservoir is formed between the fuel vaporizing chamber and the outer housing, and a heating fluid inlet and heating fluid outlet which are connected to the outer housing.

Abstract: A double-pipe heat exchanger that is easy to manufacture, and the whole thereof is smoothly bent to serve as part of the piping, and that provides high pressure resistance, wherein an inner tube has a section orthogonal to an axis line thereof in which a plurality of swollen portions in a bladder-like or balloon-like shape in section are formed in a radial direction from the center, mouths of these swollen portions are closed, and the tip ends of respective swollen portions are in contact with the inner surface of an outer tube.

Abstract: A comb-like insert having a body and plurality of tapered fingers is installed with its fingers disposed within respective minichannels. The fingers and their respective minichannels are so sized as to restrict the channels and frictionally hold the insert in place in one dimension while providing for gaps in another dimension such that the flow of refrigerant is somewhat obstructed but allowed to pass through the gaps between the insert fingers and the minichannel walls and then expand as it passes along the tapered fingers to thereby provide a more homogenous mixture to the individual minichannels. A provision is also made to hold the insert in its installed position by way of internal structure within the inlet manifold. In one embodiment, an internal plate is provided for that purpose, and the plate has openings formed therein for the equalization of pressure on either side thereof.

Abstract: A rocket engine chamber has a back structure and a heat exchanger structure located radially inwardly of the back structure. The heat exchanger structure has a plurality of integrally formed cooling passageways with adjacent ones of the passageways having a common sidewall structure. Each passageway has a top section which forms the wall that contacts the hot gases. The top section is formed by a wall structure having an inner and outer surface formed by an arc of a circle and a substantially constant wall thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection unit having a multi-channel heat exchanger with high-pressure channels and low-pressure channels and a connection element with a high-pressure reservoir and a low-pressure reservoir, both with a connection for connection. The axial end of the multi-channel heat exchanger is limited by a termination element that has axial passage holes for the high-pressure flow to the high-pressure reservoir. At the axial end of the multi-channel heat exchanger, in the region of the low-pressure reservoir, longitudinal slots are formed through which the low-pressure flow flows from the low-pressure channel to the low-pressure reservoir.

Abstract: This invention teaches how to reduce the copper content of a commercially available, all-copper, double-wall-vented, coil & tube Gravity Film Heat Exchangers (“GFX”) developed for the GFX™ system of U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,311. For example, a GFX+™ equivalent of a residential Model G3-60 GFX can be made using 71% less copper. Such significant copper-savings, with comparable heat transfer coefficient (“U”), effectiveness and coil pressure drop, is achieved by improvements in innovations disclosed in Provisional Patent Application 60/709,889 (Filing date: Aug. 22, 2005). Unlike conventional, single and multi-coil GFX's currently produced by several manufacturers, the present invention enables the use of a variety of metal and/or plastic components to achieve either single or vented-double-wall construction and lower manufacturing costs. In fact, higher U-values can be achieved by increasing the potable-water pressure drop of a GFX+ equivalent of any coil & tube GFX.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for cooling. In a specific embodiment, the subject invention relates to a lightweight, compact, reliable, and efficient cooling system. The subject system can provide heat stress relief to individuals operating under, for example, hazardous conditions, or in elevated temperatures, while wearing protective clothing. The subject invention also relates to a condenser for transferring heat from a refrigerant to an external fluid in thermal contact with the condenser. The subject condenser can have a heat transfer surface and can be designed for an external fluid, such as air, to flow across the heat transfer surface and allow the transfer of heat from heat transfer surface to the external fluid. In a specific embodiment, the flow of the external fluid is parallel to the heat transfer surface.