Abstract: A connection between an uncooled pipe and a cooled double-wall pipe with between the walls a hollow space run through by cooling fluid let into the hollow space and taken from the hollow space through side passages connected to cooling fluid inlet and outlet ducts and including a connection zone with longitudinal cross section generally in fork form to have single tubular end connected to the uncooled pipe and an opposite double-wall tubular end to which are connected the corresponding walls of the cooled double-wall pipe so that the fork bottom constitutes a terminal closing of the hollow space and a side passage is made opposite the connection and a portion thereof nearest the uncooled pipe is almost at the height of the fork bottom. A double-pipe heat exchanger includes such a connection.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube is formed with a corrugated water tube to be used in a heat exchanger, and satisfying 0.04?Hc/OD, where Hc is the corrugated groove depth of the corrugated tube and OD is the corrugation outside diameter thereof.

Abstract: A fin structure for heat-exchanging, the fin structure being mounted on a heat-dissipating portion of a Stirling cycle cooler, wherein the fin structure is configured by coupling a plurality of unit structures, the plurality of unit structures being split by a plurality of surfaces extending from a inner circumference of the fin structure toward an outer circumference thereof. The fin structure is configured thus way, whereby it can be mounted on the heat-dissipating portion so as to sandwich the heat-dissipating portion from the outer circumference thereof by the plurality of unit structures coupled one another. Accordingly, when mounting the fin structure, large force is not required, no adhesive filler is applied to an unneeded portion of the Stirling cycle cooler, and generating a scratch or a distortion on the casing of the Stirling cycle cooler can be prevented.

Abstract: A core for a charge air cooler comprises inner and outer concentric tubes providing an axially extending annular passageway for flow of a fluid, preferably a liquid coolant. A first inlet and a first outlet are provided at the ends of the axial annular passageway. Arranged on an outer surface of the outer tube is at least one circumferential fluid flow passageway for flow of a fluid, preferably air. Each circumferential flow passageway is provided with a corrugated strip fin comprising a plurality of rows of corrugations. The core is combined with an outer housing to form a heat exchanger. The housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid flowing through the circumferential flow passageways. Other embodiments are disclosed in which the heat exchanger is adapted for use with three fluids and in which additional cooling capacity is provided by the provision of coolant passageways in the housing.

Abstract: A gas-expansion cooler assembly has an expansion structure with an expansion orifice and an expansion reservoir in fluid-flow communication with an expansion-orifice outlet. A heat exchanger has a heat-exchanger inlet, and a heat-exchanger outlet in fluid-flow communication with the expansion-orifice inlet. The heat exchanger includes at least two heat-exchanger plates stacked in a facing relationship along an assembly axis. Each heat-exchanger plate includes an in-plane channel lying substantially in a plane perpendicular to the assembly axis. The in-plane channels of the adjacent heat-exchanger plates are in fluid-flow communication with each other and with the expansion-orifice inlet to form a continuous high-pressure fluid-flow path from the heat-exchanger inlet to the expansion-orifice inlet. The heat exchanger further includes an axial channel extending parallel to the assembly axis.

Abstract: A method for adjusting temperature of a machining liquid, e.g., slurry, etching liquid, by passing the machining liquid through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, which adjusts the temperature of the machining liquid, includes a ceramic heat exchanging tube which is made by baking silicon carbide (SiC).

Abstract: A heating apparatus is provided that is optimized in terms of its heating efficiencies and wind proofing against flame out. The heating apparatus includes a heating head and a burner assembly for igniting fuel from a fuel source. The heating head has a dual-walled construction to form several flue chambers with the inner wall preferably being insulated to maximize heat transfer to the outer wall from combustion gases flowing through the flue chambers. The flue chambers can also be formed to be substantially isolated from each other and configured to generate turbulent gas flow therein for maximum heat transfer to the outer wall.

Abstract: A water heater including a tank having a wall defining an interior for holding water is provided. A heat exchange assembly is positioned at least partially within the interior of the tank. The heat exchange assembly includes a metallic outer tube positioned within the interior of the tank. The outer tube has a wall with an inner surface and end portions positioned within the interior of the tank. The heat exchange assembly further includes a metallic inner tube extending within the outer tube and having end portions extending through the wall of the tank. A portion of the outer surface of the inner tube contacts a portion of the inner surface of the outer tube. An elongated passageway is defined between a portion of the outer surface of the inner tube and a portion of the inner surface of the outer tube to facilitate a flow of fluid.

Abstract: A water heater including a tank having a wall defining an interior for holding water is provided. A heat exchange assembly is positioned at least partially within the interior of the tank. The heat exchange assembly has an outer tube extending within the interior of the tank. The outer tube has a wall with an inner surface. An inner tube extends within the outer tube. The inner tube has a wall with an outer surface. A gap is defined between the outer surface of the inner tube and the inner surface of the outer tube. Heat conducting fluid is contained within the gap. The fluid facilitates the transfer of heat between the inner tube and the outer tube.

Abstract: A conduit assembly for transferring heated fluid from a pump to a heat exchanger and to return cooled fluid from the heat exchanger to the pump is disclosed. The conduit assembly includes a flexible inner conduit disposed within a relatively rigid conduit. The heated fluid travels through the flexible inner conduit from the pump to the heat exchanger and the cooled fluid returns to the pump in the space between the outer diameter of the flexible inner conduit and the inner diameter of the rigid conduit. The conduit assembly includes a fluid splitter nipple and a fluid splitter body to split the incoming and outgoing fluid into the inner and outer conduits. The relatively warmer fluid from the pump is exposed to the temperature of the fluid passing simultaneously through the outer conduit, rather than being exposed to the ambient environmental conditions as in conventional hoses. This Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for cooling. In a specific embodiment, the subject invention relates to a lightweight, compact, reliable, and efficient cooling system. The subject system can provide heat stress relief to individuals operating under, for example, hazardous conditions, or in elevated temperatures, while wearing protective clothing. The subject invention also relates to a condenser for transferring heat from a refrigerant to an external fluid in thermal contact with the condenser. The subject condenser can have a heat transfer surface and can be designed for an external fluid, such as air, to flow across the heat transfer surface and allow the transfer of heat from heat transfer surface to the external fluid. In a specific embodiment, the flow of the external fluid is parallel to the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid line member for a modular fluid line system for passing therethrough a crystallizing, heat-sensitive working fluid, such as a synthetic polymer, a cellulose derivative or a solution consisting of cellulose, water and amine oxide. Such working fluids have a temperature-dependent viscosity and are subject to spontaneous decomposition phenomena under strong exothermic reaction. A temperature control of the working fluid is to be made possible by the fluid line member. This is achieved in that the fluid line member has a circular cross-section with a temperature control device instead of the core flow. According to the invention the temperature of the working fluid can thereby be controlled from the inside.

Abstract: Hot combustion products exchange heat with air in a heat exchanger of a condensing furnace. The hot combustion products flow on one side of the heat exchanger, and the air flows on the opposing side of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is electrochemically coated with a coating of copper metal. The copper coating is oxidized with an aqueous oxidizing alkaline solution to form a matte black layer of cupric oxide. As the layer of cupric oxide is black, the layer has a high emissivity and emits more heat, increasing the efficiency of the primary heat exchanger. Alternatively, iron can be electrochemically coated on the primary heat exchanger and oxidized to black magnetite to increase emissivity.

Abstract: In apparatus for heat exchange to and from a body surface using a heat transfer liquid a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of elements within a casing connected axially against one another with spacer tube elements. Each element has its periphery spaced from the body surface to provide a flow gap for heat transfer fluid in heat exchange contact with the surface. The element have plenums separating each from one another forming connecting flow spaces for the heat transfer liquid between the heat transfer flow gap and inlet and outlet passages passing through the body. A preferred apparatus is a cylindrical rotor within a cylindrical stator with an annular processing space between them, the rotor containing a stack of heat exchange elements of the respective shape permitting high heat flux rates and uniform temperature distribution over the total rotor heat transfer surface.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing a double-walled heat exchange tube with leak detection, wherein inner tube is slipped into an outer tube, after a surface profiling has been provided on at least the outer surface of the inner tube or the inner surface of the outer tube, and at least the outer surface of the inner tube or the inner surface of the outer tube has been provided with a layer of soldering material. After the tubes have been slipped into one another, the inner tube is expanded such that the outer tube is expanded as well and the surface profiling forms a leak detection channel between the two tubes, and the soldering material between inner and outer tube is caused to melt. In a heat exchange tube thus obtained at the location of the contact between the inner and outer tube, a film-thin, optionally porous layer from soldering material is present, which layer is bonded, through melting, to both the inner tube and the outer tube.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive double-pipe heat exchanger having high performance and comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe which constitute a double pipe without adding a heat-transfer facilitating material such as an inner fin. In the double-pipe heat exchanger having the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the outer pipe is dented from its outside toward its inside, thereby forming a plurality of projections which are dented toward the inner pipe. Examples of shapes of the projection are substantially conical shape, substantially truncated shape, substantially spherical surface shape, substantially cylindrical shape, substantially elliptic cylindrical shape and the like. The projections are disposed helically or in a staggered configuration such as to surround the inner pipe.

Abstract: A system for extracting including a cooled condenser apparatus in contact with the volume of pressurized air being dehumidified, the condensed water being transferred into collection areas by means of capillary attraction; an evaporation chamber in thermal contact with the condenser apparatus having an inlet connected to the collection areas by means of a first valve device and an outlet connected by means of a second valve device to a space wherein the pressure is lower than that of the volume of pressurized air; and a control device for controlling the valve devices in order to carry out a control cycle with a first phase for placing the evaporation chamber under negative pressure in relation to the volume of pressurized air, and a second phase for suctioning the condensed water in the collection areas towards the decompression chamber, until the pressure in the decompression chamber reaches a predefined threshold.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus for a vehicle wherein noise in the passenger's compartment is reduced by suppressing transmission of vibration to the evaporator, and the prevention of coolant leakage is enhanced, and at the same time, the man-hours for inspection are reduced by reducing the number of pipe joints. The cooling capacity is also enhanced by replacing the sub-cooling process in the condenser and the super-heating process in the evaporator, and further space in the narrow engine compartment is effectively used.

Abstract: Stranded natural gas is sometimes liquefied and sent to other countries that can use the gas in a transport ship. Conventional receiving terminals use large cryogenic storage tanks to hold the liquefied natural gas (LNG) after it has been offloaded from the ship. The present invention eliminates the need for the conventional cryogenic storage tanks and instead uses uncompensated salt caverns to store the product. The present invention can use a special heat exchanger, referred to as a Bishop Process heat exchanger, to warm the LNG prior to storage in the salt caverns or the invention can use conventional vaporizing systems some of which may be reinforced and strengthened to accommodate higher operating pressures. In one embodiment, the LNG is pumped to higher pressures and converted to dense phase natural gas prior to being transferred into the heat exchanger and the uncompensated salt caverns.

Abstract: Stranded natural gas is sometimes liquefied and sent to other countries that can use the gas in a transport ship. Conventional receiving terminals use large cryogenic storage tanks to hold the liquefied natural gas (LNG) after it has been offloaded from the ship. The present invention eliminates the need for the conventional cryogenic storage tanks and instead uses uncompensated salt caverns to store the product. The present invention can use a special heat exchanger, referred to as a Bishop Process heat exchanger, to warm the LNG prior to storage in the salt caverns or the invention can use conventional vaporizing systems some of which may be reinforced and strengthened to accommodate higher operating pressures. In one embodiment, the LNG is pumped to higher pressures and converted to dense phase natural gas prior to being transferred into the heat exchanger and the uncompensated salt caverns.

Abstract: The air-conditioner includes a compressor configured to compress and discharge a refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes a condenser configured to cool the refrigerant with air outside of a vehicle compartment. The air-conditioner includes a throttle configured to expand the refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes an evaporator configured to cool air inside of the vehicle compartment to eliminate moisture from the air by the expanded refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes a first refrigerant passage having the condensed refrigerant between the condenser and the throttle. The air-conditioner includes a second refrigerant passage having the evaporated refrigerant between the evaporator and the compressor. The air-conditioner includes a refrigerant pipe located between the first and second passages and configured to exchange heat between the condensed and evaporated refrigerants.

Abstract: A method for adjusting temperature of a machining liquid, e.g., slurry, etching liquid, by passing the machining liquid through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, which adjusts the temperature of the machining liquid, includes a ceramic heat exchanging tube which is made by baking silicon carbide (SiC).

Abstract: A balanced building ventilation system that employs a fireplace as an element of the ventilation system. The fireplace includes a firebox, and an exhaust gas flue is connected to the firebox for exhausting gas from the firebox to the outdoor ambient. A ventilation channel conveys outdoor ambient air into the building interior. A motor-driven draft inducer is connected to the exhaust gas flue for forcing exhaust gas flow out to the outdoor ambient. A motor-driven blower is provided for forcing ventilation airflow through the channel to replace building interior air lost to exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: Stranded natural gas is sometimes liquefied and sent to other countries that can use the gas in a transport ship. Conventional receiving terminals use large cryogenic storage tanks to hold the liquefied natural gas (LNG) after it has been offloaded from the ship. The present invention eliminates the need for the conventional cryogenic storage tanks and instead uses uncompensated salt caverns to store the product. The present invention can use a special heat exchanger, referred to as a Bishop Process heat exchanger, to warm the LNG prior to storage in the salt caverns or the invention can use conventional vaporizing systems some of which may be reinforced and strengthened to accommodate higher operating pressures. In one embodiment, the LNG is pumped to higher pressures and converted to dense phase natural gas prior to being transferred into the heat exchanger and the uncompensated salt caverns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluid line member for a modular fluid line system for passing therethrough a crystallizing, heat-sensitive working fluid, such as a synthetic polymer, a cellulose derivative or a solution consisting of cellulose, water and amine oxide. Such working fluids have a temperature-dependent viscosity and are subject to spontaneous decomposition phenomena under strong exothermic reaction. A temperature control of the working fluid is to be made possible by the fluid line member 1. This is achieved in that the fluid line member 1 has a circular cross-section with a temperature control device 5 instead of the core flow. According to the invention the temperature of the working fluid can thereby be controlled from the inside.

Abstract: A balanced building ventilation system that employs a fireplace as an element of the ventilation system. The fireplace includes a firebox, and an exhaust gas flue is connected to the firebox for exhausting gas from the firebox to the outdoor ambient. A ventilation channel conveys outdoor ambient air into the building interior. A motor-driven draft inducer is connected to the exhaust gas flue for forcing exhaust gas flow out to the outdoor ambient. A motor-driven blower is provided for forcing ventilation airflow through the channel to replace building interior air lost to exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: A heat exchange system utilizing flow reducers at 180 degree bends in the tubes includes a first set of media tubes in which heating/cooling media flows, and a set of product tubes positioned concentrically within the media tubes and in which liquid product flows in a counter direction to the heating/cooling media. The tubes are arranged in a serpentine, back and forth manner, and U-shaped tubes interconnect successive pairs of product tubes to achieve the 180-degree change in flow direction. The U-shaped tubes are of a cross-sectional diameter greater than the product pipes. Tapering flow reducers extend between the opposing ends of the U-shaped tubes and the product tubes. The exit flow reducer is eccentrically formed to facilitate a smooth transition of the product from the U-shaped bend to the product tube and prevent liquid product from becoming entrapped along the bottom of the flow reducer.

Abstract: Vertical and horizontal drainwater heat exchangers have built-in heat storage for continuous heat recovery. The drainwater heat exchanger is a straight, large diameter copper tube having external fins. This tube runs through a reservoir which is filled once on installation with clean water. At least one convection chamber made of insulative material surrounds the tube and has an opening only on top. All heat transfer between the drainwater and the reservoir takes place only when the small volume of water in these convection chambers is heated. A second heat exchanger for heating the cold water supply of the building's hot water heater, comprises a large diameter plastic tube coiled around the reservoir. By inverting the invention and connecting the second heat exchanger to a cold water faucet, water is made colder for drinking.

Abstract: A profile of the casing 20 is formed into a circular pipe shape, and the two gas coolers 10a, 10b are integrated into one body so that the longitudinal directions of the respective gas coolers can be substantially parallel with each other. Due to the above structure, it is possible to make the coolant flow smoothly in the casing 20 and stagnation of the coolant seldom occurs. Accordingly, as boiling of the coolant can be suppressed, it is possible to prevent the heat transfer coefficient from being remarkably deteriorated. Further, it is possible to suppress the generation of cracks, in the tubes 11, which are caused by heat stress.

Abstract: Combustion engine (M), especially an Otto engine or diesel engine for land and water vehicles, has an exhaust system with an exhaust catalyst (20), integrated in the exhaust pipe (L), and a catalyst cooling device (26) fed with a fluid or pasty coolant (14), preferably water, glycerin or a gel. Also claimed is a silencer, especially for the above combustion engine, having a silencer cooling device fed with a fluid or pasty coolant. Preferably, the cooling device (26) forms a housing (G) for the catalyst (20) or silencer, respectively.

Abstract: A method for forming a plurality of heat transfer fins on at least an inner surface of a conduit in a heat exchanger, the method comprising: forming a plurality of criss-crossing slots in at least a portion of the inner surface of the conduit, the plurality of slots defining the plurality of heat transfer fins therebetween.

Abstract: An oil cooler comprises an inner water pipe, an outer oil pipe, a strainer pipe sleeved between oil pipe and water pipe, and a connector mechanism at either end of oil cooler and including a hollow cylindrical connector having a passage coupled to water pipe, a ring groove, a plurality of first O-ring grooves, an abutment groove adjacent ring groove, and an oil channel connected to strainer pipe, a ring fitted in ring groove, and a plurality of first O-rings fitted in O-ring grooves. The invention adopts a snapping mechanism to secure oil pipe to the cylindrical connector, thus eliminating potential crack in welded portion of pipes and end connectors and leakage. Moreover, it is easy to assemble, durable, and high in cooling efficiency.

Abstract: An integral heating and cooling unit is disclosed. The integral heating and cooling unit controls the temperature of a working fluid by heating or cooling the fluid either independently or in tandem. The integral heating and cooling unit includes a casing or outer housing, which defines a plenum. A heat exchanger pipe is attached to the outer housing and passes through the plenum. A plurality of heating elements connects to the outer housing and extends into the plenum. The heating elements heat the working fluid when they are powered and the working fluid passes through the plenum. The heat exchanger pipe extracts heat from the working fluid when a cooling fluid passes through the pipe and in heat transfer relation with the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a corrosion resistant, preferably titanium tube (25), housing a medium, usually a refrigerant, surrounded by an outer tube, preferably a flexible PVC see-through spa hose (26), carrying liquid moving in the opposite direction to the refrigerant, to provide a device that is repairable, simple to install or remove, simple to ship, resistant to corrosion, erosion, and UV light damage, to prevent heat exchanger failure in an industry plagued with this problem.

Abstract: An oil cooler comprises an inner water pipe, an outer oil pipe, a strainer pipe sleeved between oil pipe and water pipe, and a connector mechanism at either end of oil cooler and including a hollow cylindrical connector having a passage coupled to water pipe, a ring groove, a plurality of first O-ring grooves, an abutment groove adjacent ring groove, and an oil channel connected to strainer pipe, a ring fitted in ring groove, and a plurality of first O-rings fitted in O-ring grooves. The invention adopts a snapping mechanism to secure oil pipe to the cylindrical connector, thus eliminating potential crack in welded portion of pipes and end connectors and leakage. Moreover, it is easy to assemble, durable, and high in cooling efficiency.

Abstract: In a double-pipe heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas, the double pipes are inserted in rows into oval pipe collectors (3), and several oval pipe collectors (3), arranged parallel to each other, are joined into a tight floor (5) which forms the upper cap of the gas entry cone. The floor (5) has a cylindrical flange collar (6) fastened to it, which is connected to a ring flange (9) attached to the gas entry cone. The gas entry cone is provided on the inside with a lining (11) whose inner contour (13) forms a central interior space (12) which widens in the direction of the floor (5). This lining (11) of the gas entry cone continues into the flange collar (6), and the inner contour (13) of the lining (11) continues all the way to the floor (5).

Abstract: A means for thermal maintenance of industrial pipe by virtue of a working medium passing through at least one prefabricated hollow element attachable to the outside surface of the pipe wall is disclosed. The hollow element comprises an outer cover defined by an inner portion, facing the external surface of the pipe wall, an outer portion, situated opposite the inner portion and facing outwardly and transition portions connecting the inner portion with the outside portion. The inner portion is provided with concave configuration defined by radius R1 and closely matching the curvature of the pipe. The inner portion encloses about 180 degrees of the pipe's external surface and the transition portions are rounded by radius r, wherein r<R1.

Abstract: A method of exchanging heat that includes flowing a high pressure, high temperature fluid within a tubing generally along a first direction and flowing a low pressure, low temperature fluid within a first gap formed between a first wall and a first portion of the tubing positioned nearest the first wall and a second gap formed between a second wall and a second portion of the tubing that is positioned nearest the second wall.

Abstract: A housing-less plate heat exchanger is provided for transferring heat between at least a first fluid and a second fluid. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchange plates stacked to enclose flow channels for the first and second fluids between the plates, a first intermediate plate pair sandwiched between a first and second stack of the heat exchange plates, and a barrier located between the plates of the intermediate plate pair to separate the first fluid from the second fluid. The intermediate plate pair includes a first fluid port extending laterally from the heat exchanger to transfer the first fluid between the heat exchanger and a device other than the heat exchanger. The intermediate plates are joined to enclose a first chamber, with the first chamber opening to the first fluid port and to a manifold for the first fluid to direct the first fluid between the first fluid port and the manifold.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an intermediate heating medium is provided. A multiplicity of inner tubes 2 are disposed in a shell 1 of a heat exchanger 10. A low-temperature heating medium Y (water) flows in these inner tubes and a high-temperature heating medium X (liquid sodium) flows in the shell. These inner tubes are divided into a plurality of groups so that each group has a plurality of said inner tubes. The plural inner tubes constituting one group are disposed in one outer tube 3, and an intermediate heating medium Z chemically inactive with respect to both the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium and excellent in heat transferring performance is passed through each outer tube. The possibility that the high-temperature heating medium and the low-temperature heating medium contact each other can be reduced to an extremely low level.

Abstract: A regenerative circuit structure is built up by implementing the following steps in particular: an intermediate layer is made on a support core representing the inner profile of the structure; a series of channels regularly distributed around the core is made with the channels opening to face the intermediate layer, each of the channels being provided with a soluble insert; the support core is preheated and the body of the structure is made by thermal spraying under a vacuum; channels are machined in the body from the outside, and said channels are filled by means of soluble inserts; a closure layer is formed to close the channels in the body, and an outer envelope is formed by thermal spraying under a vacuum, after preheating; and all of the soluble inserts and the intermediate layer are eliminated.

Abstract: An integral heating and cooling unit is disclosed. The integral heating and cooling unit controls the temperature of a working fluid by heating or cooling the fluid either independently or in tandem. The integral heating and cooling unit includes a casing or outer housing, which defines a plenum. A heat exchanger pipe is attached to the outer housing and passes through the plenum. A plurality of heating elements connects to the outer housing and extends into the plenum. The heating elements heat the working fluid when they are powered and the working fluid passes through the plenum. The heat exchanger pipe extracts heat from the working fluid when a cooling fluid passes through the pipe and in heat transfer relation with the working fluid.

Abstract: An improved heat exchanger with two counter-flow passages, a first passage through a round, central tube and a second passage which is annular to the first flow passage. The fluids enter the passages tangentially or past swirl-generating foils at the tube entrance such that fluids are driven to flow in a vortex. The central tube contains a swirling flow of cooler fluid. The annular passage contains warmer swirling fluid flowing in the opposite axial direction from the cooler fluid. The purpose of the heat exchanger is to heat the cooler swirling fluid as it flows through the central tube or to cool the warmer swirling fluid as it flows through the annulus. In some embodiments, fins or other projections on the wetted surfaces of the tubes will be oriented to sustain vortex flow throughout the passages. In some embodiments the outlets may be tangential to recover the some of the kinetic energy of the vortex flow. The tangential outlets may be enlarged for still greater kinetic energy recovery.

Abstract: A drainwater heat exchanger for buildings has built in heat storage that enables drainwater heat exchange even in the absence of cold water flow, and, cold water heat exchange even in the absence of drainwater flow. Vertical and horizontal embodiments are disclosed. Both use a straight copper drainpipe for the first heat exchanger located centrally in a thin flexible plastic reservoir (a bag) filled with a large volume of water for heat transfer and storage. The drainpipe has exterior fins and is surrounded by at least one convection chamber holding a very small volume of the reservoir water. The convection chamber wall is of an insulative material and has an opening only at the top which allows convection flow only when drainwater is hotter than the reservoir water. A second coiled heat exchanger for cold water encircles and supports the reservoir and receives heat therefrom. In operation, whenever drainwater flows it is cooled and whenever cold water flows it is heated.

Abstract: A heat exchange device, for allowing the exchange of heat between a first medium and a second medium, using a coaxial double tube. The coaxial double tube includes an outer tube, and an inner tube which extends through the outer tube. The inner tube has an inner conduit for allowing a first medium to travel therethrough, and an outer conduit is formed between the inner tube and outer tube for allowing a second medium to travel therethrough while remaining physically isolated from the first medium. The outer tube is made of plastic, and the inner tube is made of metal, which allows heat to be transferred between the first medium and second medium and allows the tube to be selectively bent into a coil to minimize space for the heat exchange device.

Abstract: An oil changing unit comprises a base having a disk configuration and forming a socket at a center thereof. The base further includes a manifold block thereunder and a first circular ridge formed on the base and surrounding said socket and a second circular ridge formed on a peripheral of the base. A first tube is securely assembled to the socket and having an orifice in a wall thereof. A first cylinder is attached to the first circular ridge and encloses the first tube therein. The first cylinder includes a first lid enveloped and secured onto the first tube and tightly sealing an upper end thereof such that the orifice of the first tube is located within the first cylinder. A second cylinder is attached to the second circular ridge and encloses the first tube therein and includes a second lid enveloped and secured onto the first tube and tightly sealing an upper end.

Abstract: The spiral heat exchanger (10) has a hot end (16) and a cold end (18) arranged at opposite ends of the heat exchanger (10). A first, relatively hot, fluid is supplied to the hot end (16) of the heat exchanger (10) and the first fluid is removed from the cold end (18) of the heat exchanger (10). The heat exchanger (10) comprises first and second metal sheets (12,14). Each metal sheet (12,14) has hot and cold edge portions (18,20) at the hot and cold ends (16,18) respectively of the heat exchanger (10). Both of the hot and cold edge portions (18) of the first metal sheet (12) are thinner and have a greater diameter than the remainder of the first metal sheet (12) such that both of the hot and cold edge portions (18) contact the hot and cold edge portions (20) of the second sheet (14). The hot and cold edge portions (18) of the first metal sheet are joined to the hot and cold edge portions (20) of the second metal sheet (14).

Abstract: A process solution supplying mechanism for supplying a process solution to a wafer, comprises a source for containing the process solution, a pipe for introducing the process solution from the source to the wafer, a process solution supply driving system for supplying the process solution from the source to the wafer, and a process solution supplying/stopping mechanism for carrying out apply and stop of the process solution, wherein the pipe and the process solution supply driving system are provided separately and the process solution supplying/stopping mechanism is provided to a portion other than the pipe.

Abstract: A process solution supplying apparatus for supplying a process solution onto a substrate to be processed, comprising a process solution supply source, a process solution supply tube having its upstream end connected to the process solution supply source and serving to discharge the process solution from the downstream end thereof onto the substrate, a fluid passageway opening-closing valve device mounted on a downstream side of the process solution supply tube for opening-closing the process solution supply tube, and a temperature adjusting solution tube, through which flows a temperature adjusting solution, arranged continuously through the fluid passageway opening-closing valve device in a downstream portion of the process solution supply tube including the fluid passageway opening-closing valve device for adjusting the temperature of the process solution within the process solution supply tube.

Abstract: A pipeline for transmitting oil or other substance which forms a solid residue such as wax when the substance is cooled, as in a subsea oil pipeline. Pass a tube through the interior of the pipeline, e.g., at the wall of the pipeline. Transmit heated liquid or water through the tube for heating the material being passed through the pipeline to a temperature which avoids or eliminates the solid residue and for heating the pipeline.