Abstract: Interventional catheter assemblies, operating systems and adaptive interface components allow operation of a variety of interventional catheter assemblies, including infusion catheters, aspiration catheters and interventional catheters that provide both infusion and aspiration, using a common control console housing infusion and aspiration systems. Adaptive tubing cassettes having a handle and one or more preformed tubing loops route aspiration and/or infusion tubing in a predetermined configuration to mate with aspiration and infusion systems on a control console.

Abstract: An insertion-type probe main body for insertion into a pipe transporting gas and a method for making such an insertion-type probe main body are provided. The probe main body includes: an elongate upper tubular portion; an elongate lower tubular portion which is integral with and having a diameter smaller than the upper tubular portion; a bore which extends between the upper and lower tubular portions; and helical fins integrally formed on the lower tubular portion and which wind along and around an outer surface of the lower tubular portion and which overlap each other. A radial extension of the lower tubular portion plus helical fins corresponds to an external radius of the upper tubular portion, so that the helical fins extend in a streamline fashion from the upper tubular portion. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: An ACC system and method of using such for changing a turbine blade to BOAS gap on an aircraft engine is disclosed. The ACC system may comprise a first ring, a first supply line and a first flow control assembly. The first ring may be configured to substantially encircle a portion of a case assembly that is disposed around an aircraft engine turbine. The first ring may include a plurality of segments that each define a chamber, an inlet port and a plurality of outlet ports. At least a portion of the outlet ports may be configured to be disposed adjacent to the case. The first supply line may be operatively connected to a first segment of the plurality of segments. The first flow control assembly may be operatively connected to the first supply line and configured to meter the flow of cool air into the first segment.

Abstract: An improved liquid vessel cooling system for cooling, transporting and dispensing liquid comprises a base assembly having a base housing enclosing a refrigeration unit and having a top surface and a bottom surface, the top surface attached to a thermally conductive support base snugly encircled by a plurality of evaporator coils. In alternate embodiments the evaporator coils may be incorporated within the support base structure or the support base structure may be constructed with cavities and passages such that the support base structure itself functions as the plurality of evaporator coils. A container containing the liquid is attached to the support base and comprises a top portion, a bottom portion and a spear that extends inside the container from the top portion to proximate the bottom portion. An insulation sleeve is removably positioned over the container through a first opening at a middle portion thereof.

Abstract: A low temperature Freon, where indoor air in an air handling unit goes through an indoor coil. Do to the fact that indoor coil fins' surface temperature is below freezing, ice will build up on surfaces of the fins, icy/wet surfaces will catch foreign substances from the air. Air in the center of indoor coil is passing through without cooling the indoor air. Mixture of the cooled and the by passed air are resulting pleasant and clean indoor air. Temperature sensors installed on surfaces of indoor coils opens and closes according to set temperature, turning blower motor on and off.

Abstract: An aft frame for a transition duct of a gas turbine combustor includes a main body having an outer rail, an inner rail, a first side rail circumferentially separated from an opposing second side rail, a forward portion, an aft portion and an outer surface. An inlet port extends through the outer surface and an exhaust port extends through the forward portion. A serpentine cooling passage is defined within the main body beneath the outer surface. The serpentine cooling passage is in fluid communication with the inlet port and the exhaust port. A conduit may be connected to the exhaust port for routing a compressed working fluid away from aft frame.

Abstract: An air independent propulsion and power generation system based on thermal cycle generated from continuous exothermic reaction cycle in a controlled volume space. An exothermic reactor utility for generating power by producing steam or overheating another heat transfer fluid in gas state for supplying a power turbine system in order to produce electrical energy or mechanical power. A controlled exothermic reaction is occurred by injecting exothermic agents into the reaction chambers of the invention in a controlled sequence and computed timing which gives out heat and enables the transfer of the exothermic reaction output heat to the fluid of the thermal cycle. The exothermic reaction cycle does not need atmospheric connection or air or oxygen. The invention provides option to use multiple chemical types independently at the same time in any of its reaction chambers.

Abstract: Active clearance control systems for gas turbine engines are disclosed. An example active clearance control system may include a generally circumferentially mounted spray tube comprising a plurality of impingement holes arranged to impinge thermal control air on a clearance control component of a case; a rigid mounting assembly substantially rigidly coupling the spray tube to the case; and/or a sliding mounting assembly coupling the spray tube to the case while permitting limited relative movement between the spray tube and the case in a direction generally parallel with an engine axis. The sliding mount may be coupled to the case generally axially forward of the rigid mount. A ratio of the stand-off distance to the impingement hole diameter may be less than about 8. A ratio of the arc spacing to the impingement hole diameter may be less than about 15.

Abstract: An example blade outer air seal assembly may consist of a blade outer air seal containing channels that communicate cooling air through at least some of the blade outer air seal. The blade outer air seal has at least one circumferentially extending barrier separating the leading channel into a forward portion and an aft portion. Cooling air outlets from the leading channel are exclusively coupled to the aft portion.

Abstract: A steam generator (1) is provided for a Rankine cycle, especially for a waste heat recovery device (37) of an internal combustion engine (36), and preferably in a motor vehicle. The steam generator includes: a heat exchanger channel (2), in which a heat exchanger (3) is arranged, and a bypass channel (4) for bypassing the heat exchanger channel (2). A heating fluid can flow through the heat exchanger channel (2) and bypass channel (4) during the operation of the steam generator (1). A medium to be evaporated can flow through the heat exchanger (3) during operation of the steam generator (1). A compact structural shape with high energy efficiency is achieved with the heat exchanger channel (2) enveloping the bypass channel (4).

Abstract: A selectable heat exchange apparatus and method of use are provided. The heat exchange apparatus comprises a plurality of half-tubes fabricated from any selected material and in any selected method of manufacture.

Abstract: A cooling module including a first heat exchanger cooling a first heat exchange medium, a second heat exchanger cooling a second heat exchange medium, a third heat exchanger cooling a third heat exchange medium, and a fan and shroud assembly arranged in parallel in an air flow direction, wherein a flow of the first heat exchange medium inside first tubes forming the first heat exchanger is perpendicular to a flow of the second heat exchange medium inside second tubes forming the second heat exchanger and parallel with a flow of the third heat exchange medium inside third tubes forming the third heat exchanger. The cooling module capable of sufficiently securing the first heat exchange medium condensing performance, the third heat exchange medium cooling performance, and the second heat exchange medium cooling performance and being miniaturized.

Abstract: A cylindrical, annular axial flow heat exchanger for use as a gas cooler in a thermal regenerative machine such as a Stirling engine is provided. The heat exchanger includes an outer shell of sufficient strength and thickness to withstand the pressure exerted by the working fluid and a tubular member positioned adjacent to and in contact with the outer shell, the tubular member having spaced apart sidewalls defining a flow passage therebetween. At least one of the sidewalls of the tubular member is embossed with ribs, the ribs being in contact with the inner surface of the outer shell thereby defining axially extending flow passages between the outer shell and tubular member along the circumference thereof for the flow of a second, gaseous fluid through the heat exchanger. The first fluid flows circumferentially through tubular member, while the second fluid flows axially between the outer shell and the tubular member.

Abstract: One aspect provides a heating device comprising a firebox having a hearth therein and first and second heat exchange chambers, and a heat exchanging plate having a first surface and a second opposing surface. The heat exchanging plate is suspended above the hearth, such that the first surface is located between the hearth and the second surface. The heat exchanging plate has lower protrusions extending from the first surface and into the first heat exchange chamber, and upper protrusions extending from the second surface and into the second heat exchange chamber. A method of manufacturing a heating device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger distribution assembly includes a channel guide comprising an outer surface. Also included is an outer shell comprising a hollow portion and a plurality of distribution holes, wherein the channel guide is at least partially disposed within the hollow portion. Further included is a plurality of channel grooves disposed between an inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the channel guide, wherein the plurality of channel grooves are configured to convert circumferentially spaced flow passages to axially spaced flow passages to route the fluid to a plurality of layers of a heat exchanger.

Abstract: An arrangement for connecting at least one duct with an air-distribution casing, the at least one duct including two sidewalls opposite one another and including a peripheral wall connecting edges of the two sidewalls. The arrangement includes a connecting tube that extends through the casing, passes through an orifice associated with each of the two sidewalls, and is connected to the at least one duct. A system controlling clearance of a turbo engine and a turbo engine can include air-injection ducts connected to the distribution casing by such an arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for controlling the temperature of an energy accumulator, more particularly for a vehicle. The device has a first outer wall element and a second outer wall element. A main surface of the first outer wall element and a main surface of the second outer wall element are interconnected by means of a rib made of a hardened adhesive. The rib forms at least one fluid conduction channel for conducting a temperature control fluid between the first outer wall element and the second outer wall element.

Abstract: A heat sink is provided. The heat sink includes a single-piece housing having a floor and two walls, the walls perpendicular to the floor and the walls are parallel to each other. The heat sink includes the housing having an inlet and an outlet. The housing is configured to attach power modules to an outer surface of the floor and to outer surfaces of the two walls. The housing is configured to cool the power modules in response to fluid flow into the inlet.

Abstract: The present invention describes a heat exchanger and method of making the heat exchanger having flow directors for directing the flow of fluids to one or more portions of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a main body adapted for heat exchange having a plurality of channels adapted to receive fluid flow. The heat exchanger also includes a plurality of heat exchanging elements which provide exchange of heat as fluid flows therein and defines one or more fluid flow channels. At least one flow director is adapted for directing fluid flow from an external source to the fluid flow channels, whereby hydraulic efficiency is maximized by preventing fluid turbulence associated with non-directed flow of fluid within.

Abstract: An exterior heat insulation cover panel includes a plate member installed on an outer wall surface of an exterior wall of a building to form a heat insulation air layer between the plate member and the outer wall surface and a supporter configured to support the plate member on the outer wall surface in a point contact manner.

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining a temperature differential between a component and a source of heat is described. The apparatus includes a micro-truss structure having a plurality of nodes and members which define a first surface and a second surface. The second surface is operable for attachment to the component. The apparatus further includes a skin material attached to the first surface of the micro-truss structure such that the skin material is operable for placement between the heat source and the micro-truss structure. The skin material defines at least a portion of a fluid flow path through the micro-truss structure. A skin material is not utilized with certain configurations of the micro-truss structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat transfer plate includes: an insertion process of inserting a heat medium pipe in a concave groove formed in a bottom face of a lid groove open to an obverse of a base member; a lid groove closing process of arranging a lid plate in the lid groove; and a main joining process of moving a main joining rotation tool along butt portions (V1, V2) between sidewalls of the lid groove and side faces of the lid plate, wherein in the main joining process a plastic fluidizing material (Q), where the base member and the lid plate are fluidized due to frictional heat, is made to flow in air gap portions (P1, P2) formed around the heat medium pipe.

Abstract: A reaction device having improved temperature control precision and reduced usage of heat transfer medium. The device includes a heat transfer medium circulation tube in contact with an outer wall of a reaction vessel containing a reaction liquid. The device has an inlet for the liquid heat transfer medium at the lower end portion of the heat transfer medium circulation tube, and an outlet for the heat transfer medium. Gaps between the heat transfer medium circulation tube and the reaction vessel outer wall include a filler in which a liquid can flow inside the filler. The outlet is formed so that the liquid heat transfer medium is discharged toward the filler. A member presses the heat transfer medium circulation tube against the outer wall of the reaction vessel. An outer vessel hermetically covers the outer circumference of the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A cooling channel array carried by a component wall of a gas turbine engine is provided. The cooling channel array comprises a diffusion cavity and a metering section. The metering section comprises a main hole and two or more side holes. The side holes may be separate from the main hole or may branch off of the main hole. The diffusion cavity may incorporate a lobed configuration to help diffuse cooling fluid as it exits the cooling channel array.

Abstract: A cooling jacket for use with mixing bowls is provided. This cooling jacket includes a plurality of channel forming structures, wherein each of the plurality of channel forming structures further includes a least one substantially vertical portion and a substantially horizontal portion, and wherein each channel forming structure defines a channel for receiving liquid coolant; and a plurality of pins positioned within the channels either in a predetermined, regular manner or randomly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger with a first and a second collecting tank, with at least one tube arranged between the two collecting tanks, each having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. At least one tube end is in fluid communication with a collecting tank and is connected to the collecting tank via a form-fitting and/or integrally bonded connection, wherein the opening is surrounded by an opening edge.

Abstract: A cold storage heat exchanger includes multiple refrigerant tubes, a cold storage container that is bonded to the refrigerant tube and defines a compartment receiving a cold storage material, and an inner fin arranged inside of the cold storage container. The cold storage container has a portion that stops and fixes the inner fin, and the cold storage container has a space where air is sealed. The space of the cold storage container is located at an upper side of the member that stops and fixes the inner fin. Accordingly, a stress applied to the cold storage container in the expansion of the cold storage material can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat dissipation device having lateral-spreading heat dissipating and shunting heat conductive structure, in which the central area of heat conductive interface of the heat dissipation device (100) where a heat generating unit being disposed is installed with a close-loop shunting heat conductive structure, so the heat at the central area of the heat generating unit (101) can be conducted to a distal heat dissipating segment (104) for being dissipated to the exterior, thereby through working with the heat dissipation operation of the heat dissipation structure at the periphery of the heat generating unit (101) and leaded to the distal heat dissipating segment (104), the temperature distribution at the central area and the peripheral area of the heat generating unit (101) can be more even.

Abstract: The present invention relates that a part of the outer bottom is combined with an intermediate heat conductor (102) the flow guide holes (300) are not totally shielded after combined, the interior of the heat dissipater (100) is installed with the heat conductive rib structure (310) for being combined with the inner periphery of the heat dissipater (100), the intermediate heat conductor is installed with the electric luminous body (200) and formed as the heat source, so the heat can be conducted to the surface of the heat conductive rib structure (310) and the heat dissipater (101), and with the fluid effect of hot ascent/cold descent, the airflow is enabled to upwardly flow from one side of the electric luminous body (200) through the flow guide holes (300) then flow out from the other side thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a combustion chamber includes providing a combustion chamber wall; forming a plurality of milled recesses in the combustion chamber wall, along a longitudinal axis and in an area of the longitudinal axis transverse to the longitudinal axis; and forming a cooling channel having a substantially rectangular cross section and opposite web walls inside the combustion chamber wall along the longitudinal axis and configured to receive a flow a cooling medium along the longitudinal axis, wherein the plurality of milled recesses form depressions in the web walls.

Abstract: An electronic system cooling apparatus including a cold plate coupled vertically within an enclosure, the cold plate including a plurality of fluidly isolated, thermally coupled, adjacently nested boustrophedonic channels that terminate in a common upper end and a common lower end. Each turn of each channel includes a top arm and a bottom arm fluidly coupled by a side segment, wherein the top arm is stacked above the bottom arm along the height of the cold plate. An outlet manifold is fluidly coupled to the common upper end of the plurality of channels and an inlet manifold is fluidly coupled to the common lower end the plurality of channels, wherein the inlet manifold is disposed below the outlet manifold to facilitate an upward coolant flow path.

Abstract: A cylindrical member of a tube for a heat exchanger is made of a pair of flat plate portions, and a pair of curved portions for connecting the pair of flat plate portions to each other. One of the pair of curved portions constructs a bonded portion in which an outer wall portion and an inner wall portion are bonded to each by brazing in a state where the outer wall portion and the inner wall portion overlap each other. The inner wall portion has a portion opposite to the outer wall portion put into close contact with the outer wall portion and is bonded to the one flat plate portion in a state where a tip end portion of the inner wall portion opposite to the one flat plate portion is separated from the one flat plate portion.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluid cooling system comprising a heat exchanger with an outer wall forming a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for circulating a heat exchange medium in the chamber. The chamber has an opening towards the component which is to be cooled, and to protect the component, the opening is closed by a flexible wall which is attached to the outer wall. To protect the cover and the component against overload, the flexible wall is attached to an inner wall inside the chamber. The cooling system could be applied to electronic systems, e.g. for cooling a DCB substrate or similar electronic components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flat element (1) for thermally adjusting indoor air, especially for cooling indoor air. Said flat element (1) comprises an air guiding chamber (2) and an active cover surface (3) having microholes (4). The air guiding chamber (2) has an upper side (5), a plurality of sidewalls (6a, 6b), at least one opening (7) for letting air in and at least one opening (8) for discharging air. The active cover surface (3) closes the air guiding chamber (2) towards its open bottom side. The upper side (5) of the air guiding chamber (2) is shaped so as to have at least one baffle (10) having at least one air guiding edge (11).

Abstract: A method for increasing efficiency of a transcritical heat pump water heater system is provided, as well as the corresponding system. The refrigerant, such as CO2, is compressed to a supercritical point and passed through a gas cooler that is wrapped at least partially around a water storage tank, wherein the refrigerant transfers heat to water stored in the tank. The hot water is discharged from the storage tank proximate to a top of the tank, and cold water is introduced into the tank proximate to a bottom of the tank. The supercritical refrigerant is directed to flow through the gas cooler from a top point to a lowermost point in a flow direction such that the refrigerant exits the gas cooler proximate to the bottom of the tank at a location of the coldest water within the storage tank.

Abstract: A light source cooling device includes a light source module, an inner casing, an outer casing, and a plurality of spacers. The inner casing encloses an accommodation space for accommodating the light source module. The outer casing surrounds the inner casing and has a gap included between an inner wall of the inner casing and the outer casing, wherein the inner casing and the outer casing are made of materials with different thermal conductivity coefficients. The inner wall of the inner casing, an outer wall of the outer casing, and the spacers together form a plurality of heat-dissipating passages. The inner wall absorbs the heat generated by the light source module and generates a temperature gradient between the inner wall and the outer wall, which assists in creating thermal convection to exhaust the heat.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which is hollow and contains a plurality of small flow paths includes: a plurality of partition walls disposed in parallel with one another in the width direction of the heat exchanger to form the plural small flow paths; and an inlet unit and an outlet unit configured to communicate with the inside and the outside of the heat exchanger, and allow cooling liquid to flow into and out of the heat exchanger through the inlet unit and the outlet unit, the inlet unit and the outlet unit extend in directions opposite to each other along the width direction from a pair of center positions located approximately at the centers of inner side surfaces of the heat exchanger in the width direction and opposed to each other, and penetrate outer side surfaces of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat sink for a power module able to realize a further improvement of heat radiating performance and a further improvement of a mounting property is provided. The heat sink 1 for a power module has a laminating body 20, a first side plate 30 and a second side plate 40. The laminating body 20 has plural flow path plates 21 formed in a plate shape in which plural grooves 23 parallel to each other are concavely arranged on a flat joining face 22. Each groove 23 is set to a parallel flow path 50 parallel to a front face side by laminating each flow path plate 21 by each joining face 22. A portion other than each groove 23 of each joining face 22 forms a heat transfer path 70a to each parallel flow path 50 of a laminating direction. A flow-in path 30a and a flow-out path 40a are formed in the first and second side plates 30, 40. The flow-in path 30a and the flow-out path 40a are joined to side faces 26a, 26b of the laminating body 20, and are communicated with each parallel flow path 50.

Abstract: A system for heating includes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger receives hot exhaust from combustion. The heat exchanger uses the heat from the hot exhaust to heat a fluid. A method for heating uses a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger receives hot exhaust and a fluid. The heat exchanger heats the fluid.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat transfer plate (1) includes: an insertion process of inserting a heat medium pipe (16) in a concave groove (8) formed in a bottom face of a lid groove (6) open to an obverse (3) of a base member (2); a lid groove closing process of arranging a lid plate (10) in the lid groove (6); and a main joining process of moving a main joining rotation tool (20) along butt portions (V1, V2) between sidewalls (5a, 5b) of the lid groove (6) and side faces (13a, 13b) of the lid plate (10), wherein in the main joining process a plastic fluidizing material (Q), where the base member (2) and the lid plate (10) are fluidized due to frictional heat, is made to flow in air gap portions (P1, P2) formed around the heat medium pipe (16).

Abstract: A cooling jacket for use with mixing bowls typically incorporated into industrial mixers is provided. This cooling jacket includes plurality of substantially parallel coolant channels formed from the material of the jacket, wherein each of the plurality of channels further includes a least one vertical portion and at least one horizontal portion, and wherein each horizontal portion further includes a plurality of parallel ridges and parallel valleys formed therein and running lengthwise therethrough.

Abstract: A plate cooler stave for use in a furnace having a shell wall, comprising: a top portion housing at least one cooling fluid inlet and at least one cooling fluid outlet for the flow of cooling fluid to and from the plate cooler stave from outside the furnace; and a main body disposed at an angle relative to the top portion so that the main body may be inserted into the furnace through an opening defined by the shell wall, wherein upon installation, at least a part of the top portion is disposed in the opening.

Abstract: A method for assembling a heat-dissipating module includes a step of mechanically pressing one time or multiple times a heat pipe into a trough of a metallic base, whereby at least one end of the heat pipe can be pressed into the trough of the metallic base and thus firmly combined with the metallic base. In this way, the time and the cost for assembly are reduced, and the yield is increased.

Abstract: A heat exchanger arrangement, especially for a fuel-operated vehicle heater, has a pot-shaped heat exchanger housing (12) elongated in the direction of a longitudinal axis (L) with a circumferential wall area (14) and, in an end area (18), a bottom wall area (16). A flow space (30) for heat carrier medium is formed in the heat exchanger housing (12) with a circumferential flow space (32) and with a bottom flow space (34) that is in connection with the circumferential flow space. The heat exchanger housing (12) includes a first housing part (36) and a second housing part (38). The first housing part includes an outer circumferential wall (40), an inner circumferential wall (42) and an inner bottom wall (46) adjoining the inner circumferential wall. The second housing part includes an outer bottom wall (62), which is or can be connected to the outer circumferential wall (40) in one end area.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device for a heat-generating component includes at least one helically-shaped air tube having a length. The at least one air tube is thermally coupled to the heat-generating component to dissipate heat from the heat-generating component. Other embodiments of the heat dissipation device and methods for dissipating heat from a heat-generating component are further disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus of a high-load bottom-up-type condensing gas boiler is disclosed. In the gas boiler system having a ventilator attached to a lower part of a combustion chamber, the heat exchange apparatus structured in such a manner that a Venturi path for achieving a high-pressure and high-velocity flow of exhaust gas is mounted in an exhaust duct formed between a sensible heat exchanger in which first heat exchange is performed and a latent heat exchanger to which firstly heat-exchanged exhaust gas is flown, so that the sensible heat exchanger and the latent heat exchanger are perfectly independent from the exhaust gas after combustion.

Abstract: Modular, prefabricated radiant panel, of the type having a sandwich-like structure including a thermally insulating rear layer (1), a front layer acting as mechanical support and outer surface finish, and two radiant pipes (4) integrated in the panel for the flow of a heat-carrying fluid. The radiant pipes (4) are housed in preformed grooves (2) in the thermally insulating rear layer. In the same layer there are further provided two parallel, longitudinal grooves (3) for the housing of a pair of headers (5) which supply the radiant pipes (4). The headers (5) housed in the grooves (3) cross the entire panel and end in correspondence of the opposite short sides thereof, where they are connected to the radiant pipes (4) via T-junctions (6), a free mouth of which faces outwards for connection via sleeves (7) to T-junctions (6) of other panels, both directly and through connection pipes.

Abstract: A continuous temperature-gradient incubation apparatus designed to solve the problem of moving of liquid vapor generated on the high-temperature side toward the low-temperature side to thereby cause condensation.

Abstract: A device that attaches to a bottle's neck has a base that secures to the bottle's neck and has two passages that traverse the base. The first passage leads to an enclosure located above the base that holds cooling material and optionally has a conduit that improves the heat exchange between a dispensing liquid and the cooling material retained in the enclosure. The exit passage of the enclosure has in at least one embodiment a valve. The second passage through the base forms a vent line that is located entirely below the enclosure and allows air to flow into the bottle as bottle's contents are dispensed through the first passage.

Abstract: A jet dispenser is provided with a giant magnetostrictive actuator which expands or contracts in response to electric currents. A set of flexural elements is coupled to first and second ends of the giant magnetostrictive actuator and flexes when the giant magnetostrictive actuator expands or contracts. The jet dispenser further comprises a chamber containing fluid and the fluid is dispensable through a nozzle which is in communication with the chamber. A piston coupled to the set of flexural elements is slidably located in the chamber and is actuable by flexion of the flexural elements to apply a force against the fluid for dispensing fluid through the nozzle.