Abstract: A method of producing a rocket thrust chamber includes positioning cooling tubes within a structural jacket to form a tube bundle, and positioning a mandrel within the tube bundle thereby sandwiching the tubes between the jacket and the mandrel. The tubes are then inflated at high temperature into intimate contact with adjacent tubes and the jacket, and the temperature is maintained until bonding has occurred between the tubes and jacket.

Abstract: It is common practice to assemble heat exchangers from a multitude of pre-formed and sometimes extremely delicate pieces. The pieces have to be held in jigs along with appropriately placed braze material and then heated to achieve brazing. The invention takes advantage of the ability which some materials have to considerably extend their areas without rupturing by using such materials in that they are assembled in the flat condition and then diffusion bonded, followed by inflation of the parts of the assembly which are to provide the fluid passageways, inlet manifolds and headers. The construction of heat exchangers is thus considerably simplified.

Abstract: A plate-fin type of heat exchanger (100) facilitates exchange of heat between two or more process streams (101, 102). It comprises a matrix (M) of two different types of heat exchange plate elements (P1, P2) inter-digitated with each other. Adjacent plate elements are metallurgically bonded together for good thermal contact by an activated diffusion bonding process. The plate elements (P1, P2) are high-integrity diffusion bonded sandwich constructions comprising two outer sheets (201, 203 - FIG. 4 and a superplastically expanded core sheet structure (202) between the two outer sheets. The sandwich construction provides flow passages (P) for the process streams. Adjacent plate elements (P1, P2) carry different process streams (101, 102).

Abstract: A disposable, in-line heating cassette and apparatus for raising the temperature of fluids. The cassette comprises a spacer defining a sinuous or serpentine flow pathway interposed between flexible foils and mounted on a frame. The frame comprises inlet and outlet tubes and related input and output ports which communicate with the serpentine path. Juxtaposed heating plates in direct contact with the cassette substantially contact the entire heating surface of the foils, providing a highly efficient thermal path from the heating plate to the foil, and then to the fluid. The heating blocks have several electrically conductive strips thereon for generating a gradation of heat energy such that more heat energy is available for transfer at the inlet end than the outlet end of the serpentine flow path.

Abstract: A method of producing a rocket thrust chamber includes positioning sleeved cooling tubes within a structural jacket to form a tube bundle, and positioning a liner within the tube bundle thereby sandwiching the tubes between the jacket and the liner. The tubes are then subjected to high internal pressure and inflated at high temperature while the liner is simultaneously subjected to the same high pressure, thereby forcing the sleeved tubes into intimate contact with adjacent sleeved tubes, the liner and the jacket, and the temperature is maintained until bonding has occurred between the liner, sleeved tubes and jacket.

Abstract: A method of producing a tubular structure, such as a rocket thrust chamber, includes positioning cooling tubes about an inner tooling fixture to form a tube bundle, and positioning a segmented outer tooling fixture about the tube bundle thereby sandwiching the tubes between the inner tooling fixture and the outer tooling fixture. The tubes are then pressurized at high temperature and the inner tooling fixture, outer tooling fixture and tube bundle are heated to a temperature at which each of the tubes bonds to adjacent tubes.

Abstract: A furnace includes at least one heat exchanger with first and second plate members secured together to define passageways that form serpentine flow paths between an inlet passageway and an outlet passageway. The inlet passageway receives hot products of combustion from a burner which extends into it. A blower induces the flow of the combustion products through the heat exchanger. A second blower induces the flow of air over the surfaces of the exchanger.

Abstract: In a multi-poise furnace having multiple parallel heat transfer stages, each stage having superimposed flow passages lying in a common plane. The last passage in each stage containing laterally-disposed indentations in opposed side walls for increasing the heat transfer surface area, and the walls of the last passage being further configured to conduct any condensate formed in the heat exchanger out of the exit region of the exchanger, regardless of the furnace orientation.

Abstract: A cooling system for a generator is provided with a primary coolant loop containing a primary coolant for cooling the generator, and a secondary coolant loop provided with a secondary coolant medium for cooling the primary coolant loop in a heat exchanger. The secondary coolant is cooled in radiators formed in the wall of the chamber. The cooling system also has a transmission and a turbine, and is positioned in a chamber and is surrounded by running water.

Abstract: The invention is a cooling structure for a high power density surface. Fluid is pumped along interconnected and continuous multiple channels on the backside of a sintered metal wick bonded to the cooled surface. The channels are located within a fluid layer which also includes multiple fluid holes, so that each hole is surrounded by interconnected channels. The holes are connected to a manifold to collect or supply the pumped fluid. The channels which surround each hole are connected to another manifold attached to the structure, and the proximity of the channels to the holes assures that fluid flow resistance within the sintered metal wick is minimized by the multiple short, wide paths.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (10) in accordance with the invention includes first and second heat conductive, spaced apart plates (12 and 14) and a heat conductive sheet (16) disposed between the plates and having repeating ridges (18) in thermal contact with the plates with successive ridges facing a different one of the plates and sections (22) of the sheet between successive ridges being inclined with respect to the axis of fluid flow and containing at least one aperture (32, 34 and 38) extending between the opposed surfaces of the section for passing fluid flow through the at least one aperture when fluid flows along the axis of fluid flow with fluid flow through the at least one aperture of the plurality of sections producing jets of fluid contacting one of the plates.

Abstract: A water storage tank for use inside of a refrigerator comprises a one-piece molded plastic body forming a serpentine water conduit. The conduit includes a plurality of upright passageways fluidly interconnected at their ends. A plurality of water circulation passages interconnect the upright passageways intermediate their upper and lower ends to promote an internal circulation of stored water. The body includes a web structure which interconnects the upright passageways to conduct heat therebetween and resist rupture of the tank.

Abstract: A gas-fired apparatus for high-volume commercial cooking comprises double-sided griddles, each having a lower platen with a horizontal top cooking surface and an upper platen with a bottom cooking surface. The upper platen of each griddle is moved into a horizontal position in contact with the food, presses downward on the food until it reaches a predetermined level above the lower platen, and stops there. It is lifted away when the food is cooked. Heated oil (maintained at substantially constant pressure by a weight controlled valve) is circulated through a first heat exchanger, which contacts, and transfers heat to, the lower platen, and through a second heat exchanger, which contacts, and transfers heat to, the upper platen. Each heat exchanger comprises three contiguous flat metal layers. The inner layer has a spiral-like passage for the oil to flow through, to heat an outer layer and maintain a substantially uniform temperature over its outer surface.

Abstract: A panel heat exchanger formed from thermoplastic polymer compositions and having a mesh structure between outer walls of the heat exchanger is disclosed. The thermoplastic polymer of the sheet is preferably polyamide. The mesh structure may be in the form of a perforated corrugated sheet that is preferably also formed from a thermoplastic polymer, especially a polyamide. A method for the manufacture of the panel heat exchangers is also disclosed. The panel heat exchangers may be used in a wide variety of end-uses, including automotive end-uses e.g. in the cooling of transmission oil.

Abstract: The invention is a cooling structure for a high power density surface. Liquid is pumped along interconnected and continuous multiple channels on the backside of a sintered metal wick bonded to the cooled surface. The channels are located within a liquid delivery layer which also includes multiple liquid outlet holes, so that each outlet hole is surrounded by interconnected channels. The outlet holes are connected to a manifold to collect the pumped liquid. The input channels which surround each outlet hole are fed from manifolds at the edges of the panels, and the proximity of input channels to the outlet holes assures that liquid flow resistance within the sintered metal wick is minimized by the multiple short, wide paths.

Abstract: A panel embodying a honeycomb layer between two plates and a fluid circulation network with tubes in contact internally with one plate and fluid inlet and outlet manifolds. Grooves are formed in the honeycomb layer to accommodate the tubes. On the panel is provided an array of fixing locations, all of which are disposed between the tubes and some at least of which are occupied by inserts. The panel can be used for heat conditioning, supporting and fixing an electrical, electronic or other equipment, for example in cabinets on board vehicles, aircraft or spacecraft.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating parenteral fluids for intravenous delivery to a patient. The apparatus includes a disposable cassette which in one presently preferred embodiment is made up of a unitary member which is divided to form a serpentine flow path by a plurality of path separators. Thin, flexible metallic foil membranes are sealingly joined to the unitary member on the upper and bottom surfaces thereof to form an enclosed, fluid-tight serpentine flow path between the plurality of path separators. The entire periphery of the unitary member and the thin, flexible heat conductive foil membranes are sealingly held by a framework. The disposable cassette slides between first and second heating blocks which contact the thin, flexible heat conductive foil membranes so as to provide heat transfer to fluid flowing in the serpentine flow path.

Abstract: An internally-cooled optical device 10 includes a manifold 14 having two oppositely disposed coolant input ports 18 and two oppositely disposed coolant output ports 20. The input and output ports arepositioned perpendicular to each other. The input coolant flow is divided into macro-channels 28, witheach macro-channel having an associated plurality of micro-channels 34 for carrying the coolant along a surface juxtaposed with a surface of the optical device faceplate. The micro-channels terminate in an exit plenum 36 of the macro channel. The exit plenum tapers down to an orifice 38 connected to a return header 42 for delivering the coolant to the outlet ports. The orifices of the macro-channels are sized according to the length of the micro-channels used in the macro-channel, so that each macro-channel has essentially the same pressure drop, and uniform coolant flow is provided in each macro-channel.

Abstract: Semi-rigid heat transfer devices are provided for heating or cooling components, such as electrical components, wherein the heat transfer devices are sufficiently flexible to conform to the shapes of the components, but are sufficiently rigid to maintain its overall structual shape. Moreover, the heat transfer devices include at least a frame or support portion thereof and a layer of flexible film. The frame and film layer are advantageously heat sealable according to one aspect of the present invention. The degree of flexibility for a particular heat transfer device can be designed in accordance with the specific requirements of particular applications.

Abstract: A heat exchanging member, more particularly for cooling a semiconductor module, having at a first and a second side, respectively, inlets and outlets, respectively, for a preferably gaseous heat exchanging medium, and having a heat exchanging component made of a highly thermal conductive material, such as metal, in which channels disposed side by side and running from its inlet side to its outlet side have been formed, such that medium flowing in through the inlet channels is constrained to flow at an angle to the direction of entry via the heat exchanging material to the adjacent outlet channels, characterized in that the heat exchanging material has a structure which comprises packed parts including:a) randomly packed elementary parts, such as grains, fibers or scales, orb) parts packed in an ordered fashion, such as gauze or plates, with the exception of individual wires.In a preferred embodiment the heat exchanging material is made up of sintering bronze.

Abstract: Electroformed high efficiency heat exchanger structure (44) is created by micro-machining and plating methods by creating a form, making holes therein, plating all over including through the holes, machining the assembly to shape, and thereupon dissolving out the form to form the microchannel structure without burrs. Manifolds (40, 42) are attached. The heat exchanger structure is preferably used where compact and high heat rates or power density requirements are present.

Abstract: A heat exchanger cell for a furnace is constructed of first and second cell divisions, each cell division having a general concave configuration and a rim extending around at least a portion of a circumference of the cell division. The first and second cell divisions are positioned adjacent each other and the rim of one cell division is folded over the rim of the other cell division and overlaps opposite sides of the rim of the other cell division forming a seam joining the first and second rims. A crease is formed in the seam joining the cell division rims and is spaced from a terminal edge of the seam. A plurality of indentations are formed in the seam traversing the crease and spaced from the terminal edge of the seam. The crease and plurality of indentations formed in the seam enable the seam to resist relative movement between the rims of the two cell divisions due to alternating heating and cooling of the cell divisions.

Abstract: A high efficiency fuel-fired condensing furnace is provided with a compact recuperative heat exchanger structure comprising a metal primary heat exchanger positioned above and operatively connected to the inlet side of a secondary heat exchanger formed from a polyetherimide (PEI) plastic material. The primary heat exchanger is formed from a horizontally spaced series of vertically serpentined metal combustor tubes, and the second heat exchanger if formed from horizontally spaced apart injection molded inlet and outlet collector boxes interconnected by a horizontally spaced series of elongated hollow extruded plate members sealingly secured at their opposite ends to the collector boxes with the side edge-to-side edge widths of the hollow plate members being vertically oriented. The outlet ends of the metal tubes are operatively connected to the plastic inlet collector box.

Abstract: A monochromator 18 has a thin faceplate which reduces temperature-induced distortion in a strain-free region by placing it close to a two-level heat exchanger 46, 64. The heat exchanger has a first level 46 in juxtaposition with the faceplate 22 for efficient heat extraction, and a second level 64 which establishes a constant temperature plane along a neutral bending axis of the monochromator 18. The first level heat exchanger is operated at a temperature below the zero CTE point of the silicon faceplate so that the integrated CTE of the faceplate is approximately zero. Pumps 30 and 32 are disposed respectively at the coolant inlets 26 and outlets 28 for fine-tuning the coolant pressure so that a minimal pressure across the faceplate 22 may be established to minimize bending moments on the thin faceplate.

Abstract: A thermally optimized piston for use in a liquid cooled module. The thermally optimized piston has three distinctive sections, an upper tapered section, a central cylindrical section, and a lower diverging section. In a preferred embodiment, the thermally optimized piston is provided as part of an improved electronic module. The improved electronic module includes enhanced convective cooling channels disposed between the pistons.

Abstract: Free-flowing solid particulates are cooled in an apparatus comprising a housing containing a multiplicity of parallel, vertical, expanded heat exchanger plates spaced at 15-100 mm and having passages therebetween. Each plate has continuous flow channels for cooling fluid therein. A fluid inlet and outlet are attached to the flow channels in each plate and common fluid inlet and outlet headers are attached to the inlets and outlets, respectively. A feed hopper for feeding particulates to the passages is positioned above and attached to the housing. A discharge hopper for receiving cooled particulates from the passages is positioned below and attached to the housing. The discharge hopper contains two adjacent parallel bins each having a swinging section operatively connected to an actuator activated by a level control means positioned in the feed hopper.

Abstract: A channel plate assembly comprises parallel plates, which are joined to each other and define passages for a first flowing fluid. Each of said passages is continuously defined on all sides in the direction of flow. Parallel plates are interconnected by spacers, which are spaced apart in the direction of flow and have a width that is smaller than the width of each passage which is continuously defined in the direction of flow. A process of manufacturing the channel plate assembly, two fixtures for use in carrying out the process and the use of the channel plate assembly for supplying and/or discharging a first flowing fluid in a plate apparatus are provided.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator according to the invention comprises a plurality of plate-shaped tubular elements stacked in a direction of their width with a fin member interposed between two of such tubular elements which have inlet header portions at their ends and outlet header portions at their further ends so that coolant can flow straight within said tubular elements, a pair of dish-shaped core plates which constitute each tubular element having inner surfaces provided with ribs arranged at regular intervals in a direction of coolant flow, wherein an end surface of each rib protruding from one core plate is alternately bonded to a flat body of the other core plate whereby the coolant paths within each tubular element are formed parallel with each other and straight from the inlet header portion toward the outlet header portion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising a conduit formed by two elongated channel forming sheets bound and sealed together along facing flat edges by encapsulating plastic extending around the edges of the sheets and extending through matching openings in the flat sheet edges. The encapsulation is preferably carried out as part of the reaction injection molding of a container, with the heat exchanger encapsulated in a wall of the container.

Abstract: Apparatus for changing the temperature of an infusible liquid from a first temperature to a second predetermined temperature. The apparatus includes a receiver assembly for changing the temperature of the liquid. The apparatus also includes a cartridge to be received in the assembly and which defines an enclosed passageway for movement of the fluid. The cartridge has a first end, a second end, a liquid inlet disposed adjacent the first end, a liquid output disposed adjacent the second end, and a first wall extending between the ends and made of a material having good heat transfer properties. The assembly includes a thermoelectric heat pump, and a slot is provided for releasably receiving the cartridge so that the heat pump engages the wall of the cartridge.

Abstract: A wafer cooling chuck (10) uses 3M micro-channel stock (12). A coolant manifold (14) surrounds ends (16) and (18) of the stock (12). A vacuum manifold (17) surrounds the coolant manifold (14) at end (16). A heat transfer fluid supply manifold (15) surrounds the coolant manifold (14) at end (18). A first set of alternate channels (22) of the stock (12) are connected to the coolant manifolds (14) at each end (16) and (18). A second set of alternate channels (24) are connected to the vacuum manifold (17) by apertures (25, 26) connected to them from top surface (28) of the stock (12). The apertures (26) are connected to every other one of the alternate channels (24) at end (16). A set of apertures (35) are connected to the same channels (24) as the apertures (26) at end (16). A second set of apertures (37) are connected to the same channels as the apertures (25) at end (18).

Abstract: A microchannel heat sink with coolant flowing in alternate directions in adjacent channels. The microchannel heat sink is used for cooling the electronic device making thermal contact with the surface of the heat sink. The alternate directions of the coolant flow eliminate temperature variation along the channel length caused by the heating of the coolant. This new "alternating channel flow" heat sink design achieves a nearly uniform temperature and thermal resistance on the surface of the heat sink and effectively cools the electronic device in contact.

Abstract: A heat exchanging device includes two heat exchangers, each of the heat exchangers including a metal plate and a pipe attached to the plate for conducting a heat exchanging medium, the plate with the pipe being bent into a winding, and the heat exchangers being arranged with respective axes of winding aligned with each other and with any opposite faces of the heat exchangers positioned with a specified distance not to come in contact with each other.

Abstract: A formed non-planar heat exchanger having two non-planar plates continuously joined across their contacting surfaces and complementarily curved to form an integral curved member; at least one channel is formed in at least one of the plates to define an integral internal heat exchange fluid flow passage within the curve contour of the curved member; the integral internal heat exchange fluid flow passage conforms with the curved member. A method of making such a device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A laser package includes a laser with first and second spaced terminals and a layer between the terminals with properties of emitting light when voltage pulses are applied between the terminals. A current of a particular magnitude is produced between the terminals in the time periods between the voltage pulses. The voltage required to produce such current is dependent upon the layer temperature. Variations in this voltage produce variations in the rate of pulses from a thermoelectric cooler included in the laser package. Variations in the rate of such pulses from the thermoelectric cooler affect the rate at which heat is withdrawn by the thermoelectric cooler from the laser. A cooler body is disposed adjacent to the thermoelectric member and is constructed to pass a cooling fluid through the cooler body to cool the thermoelectric member. The cooling fluid passes through an inlet port to a plurality of channels converging at a central recess.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having two parallel manifold ducts that communicate with one another through a matrix of several rows of heat exchange tubes, in which a number of sheet metal tray members placed on top of one another form the rows of tubes. Two complementary sheet metal tray members are joined to one another each having a number of parallel longitudinal slots that are interrupted by webs. The heat exchange tubes are formed by opposed trough-shaped portions formed between the slots of the joined complementary tray members.

Abstract: A plate-shaped heating element, in particular for floor heating, consists of two plates of synthetic material defining a hollow space. Spacing elements are provided between the plates in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plates, the spacing elements uniting the two plates. The spacing elements are arranged so as to form a first row along a first straight line, said first straight line being an extension of the axis of the joining element. All other spacing elements form further rows, said rows being provided along straight lines which again are provided parallel to the first straight line.

Abstract: A method of making a formed non-planar heat exchanger is disclosed in which two non-planar plates are continuously joined across their contacting surfaces and are complementarily curved to form an integral curved member where at least one of the contacting surfaces is provided with at least one channel to define an integral internal heat exchange fluid flow passage within and conforming to the curved contour of the curved member.

Abstract: It is common practice to assemble heat exchangers from a multitude of pre-formed and sometimes extremely delicate pieces. The pieces have to be held in jigs along with appropriately placed braze material and then heated to achieve brazing. The invention takes advantage of the ability which some materials have to considerably extend their areas without rupturing by using such materials in that they are assembled in the flat condition and then diffusion bonded, followed by inflation of the parts of the assembly which are to provide the fluid passageways, inlet manifolds, and headers. The construction of heat exchangers is thus considerably simplified.

Abstract: A serpentine passage for a gas furnace clam shell-type heat exchanger comprising a serpentine passage having an inlet and an outlet where the serpentine passage, from the outlet toward the inlet, is shaped as a leaning, cursive w with the trailing end curling downwardly and underlining the w.

Abstract: Augmenting ribs (40) of zig-zag configuration are provided on a heat transfer surface (38) for increasing local heat transfer in a selected zone (68,70) of the surface (38).

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed herein for placement in the firebed of a standard fireplace which includes a heat box having an inlet and an outlet separated by a heat chamber having a series of baffles included for conducting an air flow across the panels of the heat box. The panels of the heat box define the heat chamber and are in close or immediate proximity to the fire in the firebed so that the heat induced into the panels is transferred to the air flow conducted past the panels by the baffles. A blower is coupled to the box inlet by a suitable conduit so that ambient room air is provided to the heat chamber while a discharge conducts the heated air flow back into the room.

Abstract: A plate and fin type heat exchanger is disclosed for cooling automotive engine oil, transmission fluid and power steering fluid. The heat exchanger is formed of a plurality of stacked plate pairs with louvered fins located therebetween. The plate pairs are formed of two elongate identical plates located face-to-face and having planar central portions, raised co-planar peripheral edge portions joined together, and co-planar end bosses with openings therein to form flow headers when the plate pairs are stacked together. The planar central portions have a plurality of uniformly spaced-apart, on-overlapping blunt projections joined together along a common plane with the peripheral edge portions. The projections are symmetrical and provide uniform flow through the plate pairs.

Abstract: A thin multi-passage cooler that produces an isothermal heating surface, high heat transfer coefficients, without producing an excessive pressure drop across the coolant passages. The cooler having a plurality of first passages in fluid communication with a plurality of second passages. A coolant flows through the second passages and then through first passages which are in close proximity to a heating source. The first and second passages are oriented and connected such that the direction of coolant flow in the first passages is opposite to the direction of flow in the second passages. To promote high heat transfer coefficients the passages are constructed to have large length to width ratios and small hydraulic diameters.

Abstract: A double pipe is disclosed for mixed boilers comprising rectilinear segments in which the two duct sections are juxtaposed laterally. Each section (A,B) is defined, on its side the furthest away from the other section, by a plate (1,7) whose two longitudinal borders (2,3,8,9) are curved and are welded against the longitudinal borders of an intermediate partition (4) and this intermediate partition has stamped bosses (5) whose tops (6) are in contact with said plates and are fixed thereto.

Abstract: A fuel burning furnace includes a number of energy efficient features. The furnace includes a heat exchanger in which combustion air is preheated by hot discharge gases. Diverters are provided in the heat exchanger to continually urge hot combustion gases toward the interior portions of the heat exchanger to improve its heat transfer characteristics. The furnace incorporates a number of features to determine malfunction and indicate inefficient operation. A humidification control system for the humidification or dehumidification of circulated air also is provided. The furnace also includes a blower motor system which compensates for loss of tension in driving belts and makes correction for blower speed in response to temperature variations.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved serpentine heat exchanger. Two metal sheets are crimped together, sealed at their abutting edges. The sheets have matching depressions which from a serpentine air passageway. Within the passageway are elongated ribs and column like dimples which serve as obstruction to the air flow, directing fluid flow over under-utilized portions of the passageway and generating turbulent fluid flow near heat transfer surfaces.

Abstract: A wall (100) serves to separate two rooms (200,300) at different temperatures and has a plurality of essentially parallel tubular sections (11) which conduct a fluid medium, said sections being enclosed between two plate-like parts (2,3) and connected in a heat-conducting manner to at least one of the said parts. The two plate-like parts (2,3) are rigidly interconnected along an interface (50) essentially parallel to the two principal directions of the wall (100). The interface (50) is arranged so as to lie outside the external contour of the tubular sections 11). The plate-like part (3) containing the tubular sections faces the room (300) at the higher temperature.

Abstract: A flexible liquid ribbon cooler for use with electronic components which includes a plurality of elongate thermo-conductive members, which are circular in cross-section, and which are positioned side by side. A bottom and a top layer of thermo-conductive material enclose the bottom and tops of the elongate members and form a plurality of liquid coolant passageways between the elongate members within the layers. The elongate members may be solid cylinders or tubes. A plurality of microcapillaries may be formed in the bottom layer to provide additional thermocoupling, adhesion, and detachability.

Abstract: An evaporative condenser of the plate type having spaced heat exchange elements incorporates a blow down concentrator. Vapor enters the elements and after condensation therein by heat exchange with liquid flowing as a film on the outer surfaces of the elements; condensate is discharged from the bottoms of the elements. The coolant liquid is itself evaporatively cooled by a flow of cooling air passing outside the heat exchange elements, within a casing that encloses the elements. The cooling air may even be warmer than the coolant liquid so long as the air is not saturated. The overflow of cooling water from the condenser elements goes to the concentrator section, thus eliminating a separate piece of equipment especially dedicated to the concentrating of used coolant.