Abstract: A cold plate for use in a thermal management system and a method of thermal management which comprises an inlet channel having coolant fluid disposed therein at a substantially uniform pressure throughout the inlet channel and an outlet channel having coolant fluid disposed therein at a substantially uniform pressure lower than the pressure in the inlet channel throughout the outlet channel. The cold plate includes a highly thermally-conductive metallic porous matrix filling the fluid passage, preferably of aluminum. The porous matrix is preferably from about two percent to about 15 percent percent solid.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: In a refrigerator, an intermediate heat exchanger as an evaporator in the refrigeration cycle 11 in which a flammable refrigerant is sealed is provided inside of a heat insulating material. A heat transferring device is provided between the intermediate heat exchanger and a heat exchanger for cooling. At the time of stop and occurrence of the refrigerant leakage, the refrigerant inside of the intermediate heat exchanger is recovered into the condenser or into the refrigerant recovery cylinder so that even if the refrigerant leaks out, a leaked amount of the refrigerant into the refrigerator is reduced.

Abstract: An ice cube making evaporator design comprising an aluminum roll-bond evaporator plate (50) which is encased in a plastic grid (59) of vertical and horizontal ridges, thereby forming an array of freezing sites (28) on both sides of the plate. Integral refrigerant passes (52) in the evaporator plate may be designed to be flat on one side, enabling the freezing sites (28) to be in direct contact with the refrigerant passes (52). Adjacent refrigerant passes (52) are flat on opposite sides of the evaporator plate (50') thereby enabling significant improvements in heat transfer geometry and performance. Boundary layer interrupters (68) and conductive anchors (86) are also disclosed for the purpose of heat transfer enhancement.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: A refrigerant tube for use in heat exchangers comprises a flat tube having parallel refrigerant passages in its interior and comprising upper and lower walls and a plurality of reinforcing walls connected between the upper and lower walls, the reinforcing walls extending longitudinally of the tube and spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. The reinforcing walls are each formed with a plurality of communication holes for causing the parallel refrigerant passages to communicate with one another therethrough. Each of the reinforcing walls is 10 to 40% in opening ratio which is the proportion of all the communication holes in the reinforcing wall to the reinforcing wall.

Abstract: A cold plate includes two flow-wise isolated coolant (or refrigerant) passages (or sets of passages) for use in conjunction with separate refrigeration systems. The cold plate passages do not permit flow communication between distinct coolant (or refrigerant) paths. This permits two distinct cooling systems to operate in a redundant manner. Nonetheless, flow isolation is achieved while still maintaining tight thermal coupling between each path and the object, such as an electronic computer processor module, to be cooled.

Abstract: A liquid filled cooling fin generally comprising two, roughly rectangular, opposing fin walls separated by a relatively thin liquid space or chamber. The opposing walls are sealed at both ends along the depth of the fin and at one of the two edges along the height of the fin. The second, open edge of the fin is attached along the height of the fin in a liquid tight seal to a tank in which a transformer or other heat generating device to be cooled is submerged in a cooling fluid. The tank is provided with holes or other fluid passages so that cooling fluid can circulate between the tank and the fin. Cooling fluid is heated in the tank by the transformer and flows from the tank to the cooling fins, where it is then cooled by transferring heat through the fin walls to ambient air. The cooled cooling fluid then circulates back to the tank, completing a circulation pattern which is continuously repeated in operation.

Abstract: A flow controllable unit includes a pair of spaced upper and lower sheets. A plurality of elongated partitions are sandwiched between the upper and lower sheets to define a plurality of fluid passages. The partitions have an intermediate region and opposite lateral sides. The partitions are secured to the upper and lower sheets so that the intermediate region is movable relative to the upper and lower sheets. When a pressure increase occurs within the passages, the intermediate region of the partitions is bent or deformed to allow the upper and lower sheets to be moved away from each other. This movement increases the effective cross sectional area of the passages to accommodate such a pressure increase. The partitions thus provide a pressure relief function.

Abstract: A fluid warming device for warming blood and other fluids prior to introduction into a patient. The counterflow fluid bags utilize a flat counter flow pathway which provides high flow performance and ensuring uniform, gradual and energy efficient blood warming. The warming device contains a pair of opposed, identical heater elements. The guide rails of the bag align the counter flow passageway for the fluid so that the bag is spaced and located precisely between the heater elements. The heater is provided with a receptive slot down the middle, in a horizontal plane, with two different sized guide slots, one on each side of the receptive slot. A pair of guide rails, integrated into the sides of the bag, are parallel to one another providing sufficient rigidity for easy insertion of the bag, and being sized to allow easy insertion in only the correct orientation. The blood warmer preferably incorporates a microprocessor for precise control of the electric current provided to the heater.

Abstract: Heat exchange device adapted to extract or impart thermal energy from or to a body, which device comprises: a) a first plate assembly (1) comprising a substantially rigid first sheet member (4) having attached thereto a second sheet member (6) which is substantially congruent to the first member (4) and is formed with localised raised areas extending in either or both directions from the median plane of the second sheet member (6), the attachment around the periphery of the said sheet members (4, 6) being a sealing attachment so as to provide a sealed enclosure between the two sheet members (4, 6), the attachment within the plan area of the enclosure being intermittent and located at the point of contact of at least some of the raised areas of said second sheet member (6) with the opposed surface of said first sheet member (4), there being provided an inlet (20) for a heat exchange fluid to said enclosure and an outlet (21) for heat exchange fluid from said enclosure whereby heat exchange fluid can be caused

Abstract: In one embodiment the article includes a metal support having a top surface, a well provided in the top surface of the support and extends downwardly into the support, the well is defined by a floor at the bottom thereof, second fibers anchored in spaced relationship in the floor of the well and extending therefrom to a level short of the top surface of the support, a diamond substrate disposed over and covering the well, the substrate is larger than the well and has portions thereof in direct or indirect contact with the support, a metal layer adhering to the substrate, first fibers anchored in spaced relationship in the metal layer and extending therefrom into the well to a level short of said well floor, the substrate being smaller than the support.

Abstract: A plate-type chemical reactor and method of using same to react two or more mutually separated fluid component streams are disclosed, wherein the reactor contains one or more reactor plates including at least one reaction-chamber reactor plate; at least one reaction chamber formed on a front facial surface of the reaction-chamber reactor plate(s); and at least one heat exchange channel passing through the reaction-chamber reactor plate(s) such that at least one section of heat exchange channel(s) is disposed in a heat exchange relationship with the reaction chamber(s); the reaction chamber containing: a plurality of inlet means for receiving and directing a plurality of mutually separated fluid component streams, a first mixing zone for mixing the separated fluid component streams to form a single at least partially reacted multicomponent fluid stream thereof, and at least one outlet means.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator includes a shell with a number of heat transfer elements within the shell. Each heat transfer element has two opposed essentially rectangular plates joined together along upright sides and along seams substantially parallel to the upright sides. The seams form with each other, and the upright sides, a number of vertical flow channels through which steam (heating fluid) flows in the interior of the heat transfer elements to evaporate evaporable liquid flowing downwardly in a film over the outer surfaces of the heat transfer plates.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with an improved flat-tubed design is disclosed. The heat exchanger includes plural tubes of relatively flat cross-section in parallel array. Each tube is comprised of relatively flat first and second plates in facing contact. The first plate of each tube has a plurality of first grooves extending at a first oblique angle with respect to a major axis of the corresponding tube. The second plate of each tube has a plurality of second grooves extending at a second oblique angle with respect to the major axis of the corresponding tube, such that the first and second grooves define a cross-hatched pattern of channels to accommodate flow of heat transfer fluid through the corresponding tube. The first grooves are defined by corresponding first ridges on a first major surface of the first plate and the second grooves are defined by corresponding second ridges on a second major surface of the second plate.

Abstract: A thermal protective barrier is provided for space heating units in the form of a relatively thin panel having an interior volume filled with a non-combustible liquid (water and/or antifreeze mix, etc.). Two of the embodiments are flat and are adapted to be placed beneath and about the sides of a stove or other heating unit, with a third embodiment having a toroidal cross section and being adapted for installation about the flue of such a stove or heater. Additional structure may be installed within the panels to provide additional support, as required. The panels may be removably installed between the stove and adjacent walls and the underlying floor, or may be permanently installed integrally with the building structure. The panels may also include decorative coverings for exposed surfaces, if desired. The panels may be independent of other water or fluid systems, or may be interconnected with a water heater or hot water heating system, if desired.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling exhaust gas of a motor vehicle with a closed flow guiding system for the exhaust gas has heat exchange elements which are arranged between a feeding device and a removing device for the exhaust gas and around which a cooling medium flows. Heat exchange elements are disk-shaped and are each joined together from two metal sheets. At least one turbulence insert 20 is arranged between the sheets and comprises projections which extend diagonally with respect to the flow direction and project upwards from a surface.

Abstract: A heat exchanger tube is disclosed. The tube includes identical, asymmetric upper and lower members which are joined together to form a tube. A plurality of longitudinally extending walls are disposed in the tube members which form a plurality of flow paths.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator includes tubular elements 1 each having a plurality of inwardly protruding recessed ribs 7 which extend from an upper header portion 1a of the element to a lower header portion 1b, with the ribs serving as straight drainage canals 7a of specified width and area. A hydrophilic resin coating of a specific composition covers the outer surfaces of the tubular elements 1 and fins 2 each interposed between two adjacent tubular elements. The combination of straight drainage canals, the specified width and area thereof and the specific hydrophilic resin coating is effective to facilitate the drainage of condensed water so that the waterdrop is substantially prevented from flying out of the evaporator, and the hydrophilic coating itself does not emit any unpleasant smell.

Abstract: An annular heat exchanger suitable for a gas turbine engine comprises a first continuous sheet of material arranged in a spiral and a second continuous sheet of material arranged in a spiral. A first axially extending passage is defined between the first surface of the first sheet and the third surface of the second sheet and a second axially extending passage is defined between the second surface of the first sheet and the fourth surface of the second sheet. The first passage is closed at its axial ends by spiral seals between the first sheet and the second sheet. The second passage is open at its axial ends. A plurality of radially extending passages are provided to supply a first fluid at a first end into the first passage, to remove the first fluid from a second end of the first passage and to interconnect adjacent turns of the first passage. The passages extend radially through the second passage.

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger as disclosed having a plurality of stacked plate pairs. Each plate pair has opposed inlet and outlet openings that are in registration to form respective inlet and outlet flow manifolds for the flow of fluid through the plate pairs. Each of the inlet and outlet openings has an inner peripheral edge portion including opposed, flange segments extending inwardly and being joined together to prevent expansion of the manifolds under pressure.

Abstract: A heating device for corrugated cardboard comprises a heating member which is formed by a heating plate consisting of a rectangular plate having side walls, front and back walls integral with the plate and a lower or bottom surface of the plate is connected to a sheet of deformed steel having a small thickness to present cells or passages which are obtained by deformation. The front and back borders of the sheet of steel have been folded at 45.degree. angles so as to form a front chamber and a back chamber that act as manifolds for the flow of fluid in the passages. The heating member is connected in a floating manner to a rigid sub-frame by means of rods, and the whole sub-frame and member are also connected in a floating manner to the main frame of the machine that produces the corrugated cardboard.

Abstract: A reactor arrangement and process for indirectly contacting a reactant stream with a heat exchange stream uses an arrangement of heat exchange plates to control temperature conditions by varying the heat transfer factor in different portions of a continuous channel defined by the heat exchange plates. The reactor arrangement and process of this invention may be used to operate a reactor under isothermal or other controlled temperature conditions. The variation in the heat transfer factor within a single heat exchange section is highly useful in maintaining a desired temperature profile in an arrangement having a cross-flow of heat exchange medium relative to reactants. The corrugations arrangement eliminates or minimizes the typical step-wise approach to isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A refrigerant tube for use in heat exchangers comprises a flat aluminum tube having parallel refrigerant passages in its interior and comprising flat upper and lower walls and a plurality of reinforcing walls connected between the upper and lower walls, extending longitudinally of the tube and spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. The reinforcing walls are each formed with communication holes for causing the parallel refrigerant passages to communicate with one anther therethrough. The flat aluminum tube is prepared from upper and lower two aluminum sheets by bending opposite side edges of the lower aluminum sheet to a raised form and joining the bent edges to the respective side edges of the upper aluminum sheet which is flat so as to form a hollow portion. The reinforcing walls are formed by joining to the inner surface of the upper wall ridges projecting inward from the lower wall.

Abstract: The invention provides a flat tube for a heat-exchanger conduit capable of being properly brazed and provides a sufficient heat-resistance, and a method of manufacturing it. A tube-stacking type heat exchanger comprising a plate made of an aluminum material including an aluminum alloy and which is cladded with a brazing material, wherein either a single plate is folded into two or two plates are placed one upon the other, the surface of one or both plates including projecting portion projecting from the surface of one plate to the surface of the other plate, the projecting portion is brought into pressure contact with the flat surface of the other plate or the projecting portion of the other plate, and the height of the end edge connecting portions of the plate is dimensioned smaller than the height of the projecting portion, to achieve the joining of the end edge connecting portions of the plate together.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is disclosed having a plurality of stacked plate pairs with a core thickness of less than 25 mm. Each plate of a plate pair has asymmetrically arranged parallel ribs disposed at an oblique angle of less than 32 degrees to provide two point contact between the ribs on adjacent plate pairs.

Abstract: Radiator, particularly for heating rooms, including a main body defined by several radiating elements (3) having hot fluid flowing therein, each of the radiating elements being defined by at least a first and second sheet elements (6,7) having a plurality of apertures (9) for reducing the temperature on the external perimetric surface of the radiating elements; at least one of the apertures (10), besides the reduction of the temperature on said external surface, prevents the deformation of the sheet of the radiating elements while welding together the first and second sheet elements.

Abstract: A polymeric radiator having front and back radiator halves, that cooperate to define a primary coolant passage and a series of secondary coolant passages. The primary coolant passage includes integral internal baffles extending inwardly from the radiator halves. The internal baffles define passageways to allow coolant to flow through the radiator. Preferably, the passageways do not intersect the mating edges of the front and back radiator halves to enhance the structural integrity of the radiator.

Abstract: A thermoelectric system (10) includes a thermoelectric module (12) and volume defining manifolds (14) attached to opposed faces of the module (12). Fluid pumps (44) circulate fluid from remote heat exchangers (46) and through the manifolds (14). The module (12) provides opposing hot and cold faces with respective manifolds (14) attached thereto. The cold faces and manifolds (14) are connected to a first fluid pump (44) and heat exchanger (46), and the hot faces and manifolds (14) are connected to a second fluid pump (44) and heat exchanger (46). One manifolds (14) include an outer wall spaced from the module (12) and side walls abutting the respective faces thereby defining an open face wherein the side walls and outer wall and outer face define a volume for receiving fluid.

Abstract: A ribbon-like plate heat pipe comprises a ribbon-like plate having tunnels arranged parallel to each other and defined by partitions. The ribbon-like plate has both ends closed such that the tunnels are filled with melt metal up to a predetermined depth from each end of the ribbon-like plate upon welding or soldering. The partitions are alternately eliminated by a predetermined length in the vicinity of the ends of the ribbon-like plate so as to ensure communication of the tunnels with each other to form a serpentine container having a predetermined turns. The serpentine container is filled with a predetermined amount of working fluid.

Abstract: A refrigerant tube for use in heat exchangers comprises a flat aluminum tube having parallel refrigerant passages in its interior and comprising flat upper and lower walls and a plurality of reinforcing walls connected between the upper and lower walls, extending longitudinally of the tube and spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. The reinforcing walls are each formed with communication holes for causing the parallel refrigerant passages to communicate with one anther therethrough. The flat aluminum tube is prepared from upper and lower two aluminum sheets by bending opposite side edges of the lower aluminum sheet to a raised form and joining the bent edges to the respective side edges of the upper aluminum sheet which is flat so as to form a hollow portion. The reinforcing walls are formed by joining to the inner surface of the upper wall ridges projecting inward from the lower wall.

Abstract: Apparatus for mass transfer of gas and liquid flowing through passages therein has a vertical enclosure formed in a pair of sheet metal plates sealed together around their periphery and formed to have rows of horizontal passages communicating with columns of vertical passages in and adjacent to a vertical plane defined by flat contiguous areas of the plates between and around the passages. The inner surfaces of the passages have highly wettable areas to substantially maximize transfer of mass and heat. Each horizontal passage is continuous between the vertical passages with which it communicates.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use as a condensing heat exchanger in a gas-fired hot air furnace has a ceramic pipe forming an initial portion of a fluid flow path through the heat exchanger. The ceramic pipe receives the combustion gases from a primary heat exchanger and reduces the temperature of the combustion gases to below a certain temperature. A polymer-based structure is connected to the ceramic pipe and forms the remaining portion of the fluid flow path through the heat exchanger. The geometry and orientation of the ceramic pipe is selected so that the certain temperature of the combustion gases exiting the ceramic pipe is less than the softening temperature of the polymer-based structure. The resultant heat exchanger combines the high temperature and corrosion resistance of ceramic materials with the low cost and high corrosion resistance of polymer materials.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly comprises a partition or mounting plate with an aperture therethrough and a heat exchanger wall with an opening therethrough where the plate and wall are assembled together with the plate aperture and wall opening adjoined and sealed by a sponge pad in accordance with the method of the invention.

Abstract: A plate-fin type of heat exchanger (400) facilitates exchange of heat between two process streams (S1, S2) e.g. high pressure methane and seawater. It comprises a matrix (M) of heat exchange plate elements (200') arranged side-by-side, flow passages (401) for the seawater process stream (S2) being defined between adjacent plate elements. The plate elements (200') are a high-integrity diffusion bonded sandwich construction comprising two outer sheets (101, 103--FIG. 3) and a superplastically expanded core sheet structure (102--FIG. 3) between the two outer sheets. The sandwich construction provides flow passages (117') for the methane process stream. Adjacent plate elements (200') are held in position relative to each other by serrated racks (403) which engage the edges of the plate elements.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of the multi-flow type is provided with baffle members which are adapted to impart a zigzagging flow to the heat-exchange fluid in motion inside a flat tube and define, in conjunction with the inner wall of the flat tube, a flow path of a cross-sectional area having an equivalent diameter in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 mm. This heat exchanger excels in heat exchange ability and in facility of manufacture and assemblage.

Abstract: A method of producing a rocket thrust chamber in which cooling tubes are positioned within a structural jacket to form a tube bundle, and a liner is positioned within the tube bundle thereby sandwiching the tubes between the jacket and the liner. The tubes are then subjected to high internal pressure and inflated while the liner is simultaneously subjected to the same high pressure, thereby forcing the tubes into intimate contact with adjacent tubes, the liner and the jacket. The tubes, liner and jacket are then subjected to ultrasonic vibrations to bond the tubes and jacket into an integral structure.

Abstract: A thermoelectric system (10) includes a thermoelectric module (12) and volume defining manifolds (14) attached to opposed faces of the module (12). Fluid pumps (44) circulate fluid from remote heat exchangers (46) and through the manifolds (14). The module (12) provides opposing hot and cold faces with respective manifolds (14) attached thereto. The cold faces and manifolds (14) are connected to a first fluid pump (44) and heat exchanger (46), and the hot faces and manifolds (14) are connected to a second fluid pump (44) and heat exchanger (46). The manifolds (14) include an outer wall spaced from the module (12) and side walls abutting the respective faces thereby defining an open face wherein the side walls and outer wall and outer face define a volume for receiving fluid.

Abstract: A heat transfer element having longitudinally thermally conductive fibers is disclosed. The fibers extend between two substances that heat is to be transferred between in order to maximize the heat transfer. For instance, a plate having fibers extending generally perpendicular to the plate is disclosed. The plate is formed and/or arranged to remove heat from a fluid. The heat transfer element may take many forms, including the form of a rigid member having complex contours or a flexible member that may be routed in a cord-like fashion.

Abstract: The edge seal mechanism of the present invention may be used in connection with clamshell or other formed sheet metal heat exchanger apparatus of the kind utilized for directing hot flue gases into a defined combustion chamber and into various forms of flue passes for radiation from such heat exchanger such combustion chamber. The improved edge seal structure for a clamshell heat exchanger of the present invention includes a first plate flange portion, around which a second flange plate portion is wrapped to define a channel for disposition of the first plate flange portion therebetween. The seal between the first and second flange portion is further formed and stabilized by means of a lateral bend in the first and second flange portions, with such lateral bend being in the direction of and toward the terminal portion of the second plate flange in order to secure maintenance of the seal between the first and second plate flange portions.

Abstract: A reactor arrangement and process for indirectly contacting a reactant stream with a heat exchange stream uses multiple passes of the heat exchange stream in a transverse flow arrangement to control temperature conditions over the width and length of channels through which the reactant passes. The heat transfer coefficient may be varied by changing the number and/or the arrangement of the corrugations along the plates or adding a heat adjustment plate to a channel containing the heat exchange fluid. The reactor arrangement and process of this invention may be used to operate a reactor under isothermal or other controlled temperature conditions. The variation in corrugation arrangements within a single heat exchange section is highly useful in maintaining a desired temperature profile in an arrangement having a cross-flow of heat exchange medium relative to reactants. The corrugations arrangement eliminates or minimizes the typical step-wise approach to isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and method of making same is disclosed. The heat exchanger is particularly useful for cooling automotive engine oil or transmission fluid, the exchanger being located inside the radiator or other part of the engine cooling system. The heat exchanger is made from a plurality of stacked plates formed of cladded metal, the plates being assembled into face-to-face pairs, each pair having a turbulizer located therein. The plates also have outwardly disposed dimples which are in contact when the plates are arranged back-to-back. The turbulizer is thicker than the spacing between the assembled plates prior to brazing the assembly, and a portion of the peripheral edges of the turbulizer is deformed or crimpled during assembly.

Abstract: A reactor arrangement and process for indirectly contacting a reactant stream with a heat exchange stream uses an arrangement of corrugated heat exchange plates to control temperature conditions by varying the number and/or the arrangement of the corrugations along the plates. The reactor arrangement and process of this invention may be used to operate a reactor under isothermal or other controlled temperature conditions. The variation in corrugation arrangements within a single heat exchange section is highly useful in maintaining a desired temperature profile in an arrangement having a cross-flow of heat exchange medium relative to reactants. The corrugations arrangement eliminates or minimizes the typical step-wise approach to isothermal conditions.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator including tubular elements 1 each having a plurality of inwardly protruding recessed ribs 7 which extend from an upper header portion 1a of the element to a lower header portion 1b, with the ribs serving as straight drain canals 7a. A hydrophilic resin coating of a specific composition covers the outer surfaces of the tubular elements 1 and fins 2 each interposed between two adjacent tubular elements. The combination of straight drain canals with the specific hydrophilic resin coating is effective to facilitate the drainage of condensed water so that the waterdrops are perfectly prevented from flying out of the evaporator, and that any stinking mold or mildew is not permitted to grow within a reduced amount of remaining adherent water. Also, the hydrophilic coating itself does not emit any unpleasant smell which has been inevitable to the prior art water glass coating, thus an air-conditioned environment always remains comfortable.

Abstract: A stack type evaporator includes tubular elements 1 each having a plurality of inwardly protruding recessed ribs 7 which extend from an upper header portion 1a of the element to a lower header portion 1b, with the ribs serving as straight drainage canals 7a of specified width and area. A hydrophilic resin coating of a specific composition covers the outer surfaces of the tubular elements 1 and fins 2 each interposed between two adjacent tubular elements. The combination of straight drainage canals, the specified width and area thereof and the specific hydrophilic resin coating is effective to facilitate the drainage of condensed water so that the waterdrop is substantially prevented from flying out of the evaporator, and the hydrophilic coating itself does not emit any unpleasant smell.

Abstract: A heat-transfer element forms a packing element for material exchange or material conversion processes. The packing element has a plurality of parallel layers which extend in a main direction (15) of material flow and are formed by bodies (1) with hollow spaces (17) for a heat-transfer medium. Each of the heat-transfer bodies (1) has a pair of shells (1a, 1b) made from a foil-like material. The side surfaces of the shells are wave-shaped such that wave crests (141) are inclined with respect to the main direction (15) and that open flow channels crossing each other are provided between adjacent layers in mutual contact. The relief-like profiling of the shells (1a, 1b) provides a distribution and a collection channel system (121, 121') for the heat-transfer medium in addition to the heat-transfer channels (17). On the inner side of the shell pair a plurality of connection points may be made along the flow channels to form a connection which can withstand the excess pressure of the heat-transfer medium.

Abstract: A method of producing a tubular thermal structure in which cooling tubes are sandwiched between first and second members which are in turn sandwiched between first and second fixtures which fix the relative relationship of the members. The tubes, members and fixtures are then heated to a temperature at which plastic or superplastic deformation of the tubes will occur, and each tube is then subjected to a pressure differential sufficient to cause each tube to expand into intimate contact with adjacent tubes and the first and second members. The pressure is maintained until each of the tubes bonds to the adjacent tubes and the first and second members.

Abstract: A plate-fin type of heat exchanger facilitates exchange of heat between two process streams such as high pressure methane and seawater and includes a matrix of heat exchange plate elements arranged side-by-side, flow passages for the seawater process stream being defined between adjacent plate elements. The plate elements are a high-integrity diffusion bonded sandwich construction comprising two outer sheets and a superplastically expanded core sheet structure between the two outer sheets. The sandwich construction provides flow passages for the methane process stream. Adjacent plate elements are held in position relative to each other by serrated bars or racks which engage the edges of the plate elements.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided with a set of oppositely disposed header pipes into which a plurality of parallel cross flow tubes are inserted and joined to provide fluid communication between the header pipes. Fluid enters the header pipes and flows through the tubes, wherein it is cooled by air passing over the tubes. The tubes are constructed from two separate plates, each plate having a plurality of non-continuous ridges, which are joined together to form a single substantially flat tube having an upper wall and a lower wall. The ridges are oriented along each wall of the tube in substantially oblique configurations, relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, so that upstream ends of the ridges in each configuration are aligned in a substantially oblique line which extends across the width of the tube.

Abstract: A secondary condensing heat exchanger for use in a multi-poised furnace that includes multiple single pass heat transfer stages. Each stage includes a housing having an entrance at one end and a pair of outlets at the other end. The walls of the housing are arranged to conduct condensate formed in the housing through one or both outlets, depending on the orientation of the furnace. Lateral flow restrictors are mounted in the housing to direct flue gas products entering the housing back and forth across the housing.