Abstract: A plurality of heat-exchange tubes 30 each including a flat pipe including a groove 36 and wavelike depression-and-projection portions 33, 34 are arranged in parallel in such a manner that each of respective longitudinal directions thereof is a vertical direction, and a heat exchange medium is made to flow from an inlet 31 at each lower portion to an outlet 32 at each upper portion. Guide walls 43, 44 are provided in a shell 40, and exhaust gas is made to flow an inlet 41 at an upper portion to an outlet 42 at a lower portion, thereby making the exhaust gas meander in flow paths 46a to 46d and a space between the plurality of heat-exchange tubes 30.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided. The heat exchanger includes a first member having an inlet at a first end and a first flange at an opposite end. The first member is made from a nickel-chromium material. A second member is provided having a second flange one end coupled to the first flange. The second member further having an outlet on a second end opposite the second flange. The second member is made from titanium.

Abstract: A flexible and pliable evaporator coil embedded in freezer gel and surrounded by a flexible enclosure. In its warm state, the evaporator coil/gel enclosure can be fitted around a variety of shapes such as legs, arms, heads, or devices requiring cold or super cold in direct surface contact. The evaporator coil is designed to be connected directly to a traditional refrigeration system employing refrigerant, a compressor, and condenser coil.

Abstract: A BOP heating method includes operating a coiled tubing unit (CTU) using hydraulic fluid. The fluid is supplied from the CTU to an exchange tube and returned from the exchange tube to the CTU. The method includes transmitting heat from the fluid to an inner plate. Heat is transmitted from the inner plate to a BOP on which the inner plate is temporarily mounted. A BOP heating system includes a CTU configured to use hydraulic fluid, a supply tube configured to supply fluid from the CTU to an exchange tube, and a return tube configured to return fluid from the exchange tube to the CTU. A BOP heat exchange unit includes an outer plate and an inner plate, an exchange tube between the outer plate and the inner plate, and a heat spreading material between the exchange tube and the inner plate. The exchange unit lacks any electrical component.

Abstract: Flat heat exchanger tubes having two narrow and two broad sides are shown and described, wherein the flat tubes can be manufactured from two continuous strips having a relatively large curve on one longitudinal edge of the strips and having a relatively small curve on the other longitudinal edge of the strips. The two strips can be arranged laterally transposed with respect to one another to form the wall of the flat tubes, so that the relatively large curve of the longitudinal edge of one strip holds in itself the relatively small curve of the longitudinal edge of the other strip to form the narrow sides of the flat tubes. The strips can be formed with at least one further contoured portion which extends in the longitudinal direction of the flat tubes and which improves cohesion of the flat tube.

Abstract: An encasement for heat transfer fluid (HTF) conduits having an outer layer (1) of sheet metal and an intermediate layer (2) below the outer layer (1). The intermediate layer (2) is made of insulating material having a maximum thickness of 1.4 inches (35 mm). The heat transfer fluid (HTF) conduits are movable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat transfer pipe comprising a pipe element and a number of ribs arranged around the outer circumference of the pipe element and extending outwards, annular segments being formed encompassing the ribs on the pipe element and fastened to one another with a spring-elastic clamping device, in particular on two annular segments respectively forming a half shell.

Abstract: A one-piece connector for a tube-in-tube heater exchanger comprising a T-shaped or Y-shaped outer tube is disclosed, along with a heat exchanger, a method of making the connector, and a method of making a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A hot gas path component is provided and includes a body having a surface and being formed to define a cavity, the cavity employing coolant flow through a pin-fin bank with coolant discharge through film-cooling holes defined on the surface, the pin-fin bank including first and second pluralities of pin-fins, the first plurality of pin-fins and the second plurality of pin-fins each being aligned with a determined flow streamline, and any two pin-fins of the first and second pluralities of pin-fins being separated from one another by a gap as a function of a film-cooling hole dimension.

Abstract: This invention provides a solar fluid heating assembly that generally increases efficiency by reflecting the sun's energy onto heat generating surfaces that face away from the sun. It also provides an aesthetic structure that is readily installed in a variety of outdoor settings and can be used as a boundary fence in certain applications. In an illustrative embodiment, the solar heater comprises one or more conduits and a reflective mechanism, such that in use, heat energy falls onto a front surface of the conduit, thereby heating water or another fluid within the conduit, and heat energy is reflected by the reflective mechanism onto another surface of the conduit, thereby further heating the fluid within the conduit.

Abstract: A two-layer wind-guiding shroud includes a base. The interior of the base includes a first wind-guiding channel and a second wind-guiding channel longitudinally overlapped with each other. The first wind-guiding channel has a first wind entrance and a first wind exit. The second wind-guiding channel has a second wind entrance and a second wind exit. The first wind exit and the second wind exit are staggered. By this arrangement, the airflow generated by a fan can be guided into different wind-guiding channels toward different locations, thereby increasing the heat-dissipating efficiency of the fan.

Abstract: A process for making heat exchanger tubes includes the operating steps of cutting a piece of sheet, subjecting the piece of sheet (3) to a forming step to obtain a plurality of first elements (8, 9) which mirror one another, and bending the piece of sheet (3) to create a tubular element (1) which has two flat walls (4) with the raised elements (8, 9) on them, the flat walls being opposite one another and joined by two connecting walls (5). The first raised elements (8) have an extended shape according to their main direction of extension. The forming step involves making one or more higher second raised elements (9).

Abstract: A penetration assembly for a cryostat is presented. The penetration assembly includes a wall member having a first end and a second end and configured to alter an effective thermal length of the wall member, where a first end of the wall member is communicatively coupled to a high temperature region and the second end of the wall member is communicatively coupled to a cryogen disposed within a cryogen vessel of the cryostat.

Abstract: A heat exchanging device includes first and second disk members coupled together to form a disk unit having a chamber. The first disk member has an inlet and the second disk member has an outlet. A medium directing member is disposed within the disk unit. A first end of the medium directing member has a first channel formed at an angle to direct heat exchange media flowing in from the inlet to the chamber, and a second end of the medium directing member has a second channel formed at an angle to direct the heat exchange media out of the chamber through the outlet. A plurality of disk units are coupled together in a row. Multiple rows of the heat exchanging devices may be disposed between manifolds.

Abstract: A heat exchange tube includes a tubular member having a flattened cross-section and extending along a longitudinal axis, and a longitudinally extending condensate drain channel formed in an upper wall of the flattened tubular member. A heat exchanger includes a first and a second spaced apart and generally vertical longitudinally extending headers, a plurality of heat exchange tubes disposed in parallel, spaced relationship in a generally vertical array and extending longitudinally between the first header and the second header, and a condensate drain extending longitudinally along, the upper wall of at least one of the plurality of flattened heat exchange tubes. The condensate drain may comprise a longitudinally extending condensate drain channel formed in an upper wall of said flattened tubular member, and/or a series of condensate drain portals formed in the heat transfer fins in a base portion bounding to the upper external surface of at least one heat exchange tube.

Abstract: A method of forming a plurality of protrusions on the inner surface of a tube to reduce tube side resistance and improve overall heat transfer performance. The method includes cutting through ridges on the inner surface of the tube to create ridge layers and lifting the ridge layers to form the protrusions. In this way, the protrusions are formed without removal of metal from the inner surface of the tube, thereby eliminating debris which can damage the equipment in which the tubes are used.

Abstract: An insert is provided in a flow path adjacent to the input and/or output port of a plate heat exchanger to shield heat transfer elements adjacent to the port from high velocity flow. By deflecting and redirecting the high velocity flow from the port, vibration induced stress to the heat transfer elements can be minimized. The insert is provided with a converging nozzle that directs the flow into a narrowed body. The outlet of the insert can be formed as an open end of the body or as a contoured opening in the side wall of the body. Flow can also be more uniformly distributed to the flow channels defined between the heat transfer elements.

Abstract: The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange.

Abstract: A body includes a ceramic material and is suitable for use in a heat exchanger and for conducting fluids. An outer side of the body is at least partially encompassed by at least two fiber bundles in the longitudinal and/or circumferential direction and force-lockingly connected thereto. The fiber bundles are pre-tensioned and neighboring sections of the fiber bundles are disposed at a predetermined distance. A method for producing a body includes providing a body including a ceramic material and being suitable for use in a heat exchanger and for conducting fluids, and encompassing at least sections of the outer side of the body with at least two fiber bundles under a predetermined pretension forming a force-locking connection and with neighboring sections of the fiber bundle disposed at a predetermined distance. A heat exchanger pipe or tube sheet includes the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-channel flat-tube serpentine heat exchanger and a heat exchange apparatus. The heat exchanger includes a flat pipe, a fin set and a divider assembly. The flat pipe has bending sections and connecting sections. The flat pipe is filled with a working fluid and has channels. The fin set is connected between the connecting sections to increase heat-exchange area of the flat pipe. The divider assembly is connected to the flat pipe to divide the flat pipe into a heat-absorbing region and a heat-releasing region. The working fluid in the heat-absorbing region absorbs heat to evaporate and then flows into the heat-releasing region along the channels. The evaporated working fluid condenses in the heat-releasing region to flow back to the heat-absorbing region along the channels by means of gravity. Therefore, the present invention has a reduced production cost and an increased heat-exchange efficiency.

Abstract: A method of making a core of, or a micro-channel heat exchanger includes making constructs from wire and sheet material. The constructs are then stacked together according to the desired orientation of the channels for the core. The stacked constructs are then bonded together to form the core.

Abstract: A tube for a heat exchanger is disclosed, the tube including a plurality of protuberances formed on an inner surface of the tube. The protuberances are arranged in a pattern that maintains a substantially constant cross sectional hydraulic area along a length of the tube.

Abstract: Heat exchanger for heat exchange or heat recovery in systems such as refrigeration or heat pump systems, in particular a condenser or evaporator in such systems The heat exchanger is shaped of a multi-port aluminium extrusion (8) by bending and forming parallel loops. Each of the ends of the extrusion (8) are finally bent such that they are facing each other and are connected at an offset of one port or hole (9) and thereby creating a single helical loop unit with inlet and outlet ports (15 respectively 16).

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a plurality of stacked flat tubes and a collecting tank having a wall extending around the entire periphery of, and connected to, the end of the stacked flat tubes. A first medium may be distributed through the collecting tank and flat tubes. Internal inserts are in the flat tubes, with the inserts being bonded between the broad sides of the tubes and, in the region of connection of the tubes to the collecting tank, being configured to compensate for length changes in the stacking direction caused by temperature changes, as by recesses in connectors such as wave flanks or by corrugated wave flanks. The flat tubes with inserts such as described may be separately provided for use in manufacture of heat exchangers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a removable cooling module (1), for use in a reactor (20) for carrying out an exothermic reaction, comprising a coolant feed tube (2); a distribution chamber (4); a plurality of circulation tubes (5); and a collection chamber (6); said coolant feed tube (2) having at its first end an inlet (3), for charging the coolant module (1) with coolant, and communicating with said distribution chamber (4) at its second end; each of said circulation tubes (5) communicating with the distribution chamber (4) through a first end and communicating with said collection chamber (6) through a second end; the collection chamber (6) having an outlet for discharging coolant. The modular nature of the invention facilitates removal of individual cooling module (1) from a reactor shell (21).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a channel structure for a bioreactor, biochemical reactor, chemical reactor or a reformer comprising a plurality of individual layers stacked on one another and having a respective plurality of openings which pass completely through the respective individual layer and which are characterized in that at least two directly adjacent individual layers each have at least one layer section whose openings are arranged in the form of a pattern respectively regular in two dimensions and in that at least two of the layer sections provided with such a pattern in this manner of directly adjacent individual layers overlap at least in part, wherein the openings of the two at least partly overlapping layer sections are rotated and/or offset with respect to one another in the overlap region.

Abstract: Shell-and-tube heat exchangers that utilize one or more foam heat transfer units engaged with the tubes to enhance the heat transfer between first and second fluids. The foam of the heat transfer units can be any thermally conductive foam material that enhances heat transfer, for example graphite foam. These shell-and-tube heat exchangers are highly efficient, inexpensive to build, and corrosion resistant. The described heat exchangers can be used in a variety of applications, including but not limited to, low thermal driving force applications, power generation applications, and non-power generation applications such as refrigeration and cryogenics. The foam heat transfer units can be made from any thermally conductive foam material including, but not limited to, graphite foam or metal foam. In an embodiment, the heat exchanger utilizes tubes that are twisted around a central foam heat transfer unit.

Abstract: Hierarchical nanostructures and methods of fabrication. The structures include particles having a metal oxide outer shell with metal oxide wires extending from the outer shell. A multiscale structure according to the invention has particles above and below a critical size wherein the particles above the critical size have wires extending from the surface. These structures may be fabricated from a mixture prepared of relatively smaller metal particles having a size threshold below a threshold for nanowire formation and of relatively larger metal particles having a size above the threshold for nanowire formation. The mixture is oxidized at a selected temperature and for a selected time whereby the relatively smaller particles sinter and nanowires grow on the relatively larger particles thereby creating tunable hierarchical structures with metal-to-metal contact between the particles.

Abstract: A flat tube for a heat exchanger having a stack of such flat tubes. The flat tube has a plurality of spaced-apart dimples formed on each of its opposite faces. At least some of the dimples on each face have an elongate plan shape, at least some of the elongate dimples being obliquely oriented such that their major axes form oblique angles with a longitudinal axis of the tube. The obliquely oriented elongate dimples are positioned such that when two of the tubes are stacked, the obliquely oriented elongate dimples on opposing faces of the tubes contact one another and the major axes of each contacting pair of elongate dimples are non-parallel to each other. Each contacting pair of elongate dimples of adjacent tubes thus forms a “cross” or “X”.

Abstract: A tubular cooling element includes a continuous coil having a plurality of straight pipe sections and “U” shaped 180° elbow sections that are an integral part of the tubular cooling element, the continuous coil including a pipe having a wall thickness of from 0.270 inches to 0.600 inches and an outer diameter of from 2.375 inches to 3.5 inches.

Abstract: A u-tube heat exchanger has inlet tubes arranged in a pressure neutral inlet tube plate, a heating medium flows via the inlet tubes into u-tubes arranged in a tube sheet where the medium splits in two and flows from both ends of the u-tubes into a heating medium outlet chamber and exits the heat exchanger via an outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A heat-dissipation structure and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The heat-dissipation structure includes a base having a main body and a tube. The tube has an inlet, an outlet, and a tube body; and the tube body is correspondingly embedded in the main body to serve as a flow passage while the inlet and the outlet are exposed from the main body. The heat-dissipation structure can be manufactured by pour molding or insert molding to embed the tube in the base for serving as a flow passage. With the manufacturing method, the heat-dissipation structure can be formed at reduced material, labor and time costs without the risk of water leakage.

Abstract: A flat tube for heat exchange includes a body having plural through holes with circular cross-sections. The through holes are arranged in one row and configured to have refrigerant pass through. t1/R is a value in which a thickness t1 of partition portions partitioning an adjacent pair of the through holes and R is a radius R of the through holes, and t2/R is a value in which an outer peripheral thickness t2 that is a thickness from a flat surface of an outer periphery of the flat tube to the through holes. 0.28<(t2/R)/(t1/R)<0.42 for an internal pressure of 10.0 to 90.0 MPa in the through holes.

Abstract: A method for enclosing a heat pipe with metal is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a tube made of a metal; b) putting the heat pipe in a hollow of the tube; and c) stretching the tube to shrink an inner diameter of the tube for tightly enclosing the heat pipe.

Abstract: To achieve an improvement of heat exchanger effectiveness (heat transfer rate) without any increase of a fan motor output. The gas heated by the heating units or the gas cooled down by the cooling units is sent to the blowing nozzles 2 by a fan. Then, the blowing nozzles 2 blow the gas sent by the fan through their outlets. Each of the outlets has a non-circular planar shape with a projection portion thereof being projected inwardly. This allows a shape of the gas in cross section perpendicular to a direction where the gas is blown through the outlet of each of the blowing nozzles 2 to be changed by the projection portion with time (switching phenomenon). Such a switching phenomenon enables to be increased the heat exchanger effectiveness (heat transfer rate) on the printed board even if any output of the fan motor for rotating the fan does not increase.

Abstract: This specification relates to systems and methods to insulate components of industrial infrastructure, such as tank systems and valve boxes used in association with oil wells. According to some implementations, a system includes a component to contain an outflow associated with industrial infrastructure; a foam arranged to insulate an exterior area associated with the component; a moisture barrier arranged to protect the foam; and a support structure to protect the foam from the weight of the component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hot water heat transfer pipe that exchanges heat between its interior and exterior. A plurality of projections, each having a height in the range of 0.8-2.0 mm or 0.1-0.25 times the inner diameter, is provided in at least one part of an inner surface of a portion of the heat transfer pipe positioned in a section where the Reynolds number of the fluid flowing in the interior is less than 7,000 to improve the heat transfer performance in the low Reynolds number zone and minimize pressure loss inside the pipe.

Abstract: The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange.

Abstract: A hollow passage in a machine element for enhancing the heat exchanging properties between the machine element and a fluid flowing through the hollow passage; the hollow passage including a helicoidal groove. In some embodiments, the machine element comprises a heated machine element and the fluid comprises a coolant. In some embodiments, the machine element comprises a stator blade or a rotor blade of a gas turbine engine and the coolant comprises compressed air. In some embodiments, the helicoidal groove comprises a depression in an outer wall of the hollow passage that extends axially along the hollow passage to form a helicoidal or swirling path.

Abstract: A component is disclosed. The component includes a substrate comprising an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines at least one hollow, interior space, and the outer surface defines one or more grooves that extend at least partially along the outer substrate surface and have a respective base. One or more access holes are formed through the base of a respective groove, to connect the groove in fluid communication with the respective hollow interior space. The component further includes a coating comprising one or more layers disposed over at least a portion of the outer substrate surface. The groove(s) and the coating together define one or more channels for cooling the component. One or more trenches are formed through one or more coating layers and at least partially define at least one exit region for the cooling channel(s). A method of fabricating a component is also provided.

Abstract: A temperature changing device has a tubular member with a restricting portion that changes the air speed and pressure of liquids flowing there. An air inlet is provided to allow cooling or warming air to be drawn in and mix with the liquid in a mixing region. The air inlet is placed close to the bottom portion of the restricting portion. The restricting portion and inlet opening are placed far enough from the open top portion to allow for sufficient temperature change. In one embodiment, a stirring portion is provided to allow a user to stir a beverage such as coffee or tea.

Abstract: A refrigeration system comprising multi-output-port refrigerant distributor device. The device includes an input section, an output section and body portion. The input port is configured to be coupled to an expansion device of said system, and the output section has output ports each configured to be coupled to separate pressure-drop distributors of the system. The body portion is disposed between the input section and the output section. The body portion includes a passageway having an interior diameter which narrows in a direction from the input section towards the output section.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a heat exchanger is provided with an inside shell, an outside shell, a cooling portion, and an inlet nozzle. The inside shell has an inside space for flowing a fluid, and an opening portion for outflowing the fluid from the inside space. The outside shell covers the inside shell to form a first passage between them to flow the fluid outflowing from the opening portion. The cooling portion is disposed within the inside shell to cool the fluid within the inside space. The inlet nozzle has an inner pipe, an outer pipe, and an outlet pipe. The inner pipe flows the fluid into the inside space through the outside shell. The outer pipe covers the inner pipe to form a second passage between them and has its one end connected to the outside shell to communicate the second passage with the first passage, and its other end connected to the inner pipe on the outside of the outside shell to seal the second passage to flow the fluid partly from the first passage to the second passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isobutene by cracking MTBE, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) MTBE synthesis; reacting isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures (II) with methanol (III), contained in one or more methanol-containing streams (VIII, IX), on acidic ion exchangers obtaining a stream (IV) containing MTBE and TBA, b) MTBE separation; separating a stream (V) containing MTBE and TBA from stream (IV) by means of distillation, c) MTBE cracking; cracking the stream (V) on a heterogenic catalyst in the gas phase, thus obtaining a stream (VI) which contains at least isobutene, methanol, MTBE, water, and optionally TBA, d) isobutene separation; separating the stream (VI) by means of distillation, thus obtaining a stream (VII) containing more than 50 mass % of the amounts of methanol, TBA, and water contained in stream (VI), and a stream (XVII) containing isobutene, e) water separation; separating, water from the stream (VII) to below 1 mass % by means of distillation, thus obta

Abstract: The object of the invention is a liquid cooling arrangement of an inductive component and a method for manufacturing the inductive component. The inductive component comprises at least a core (1) assembled from separate structural elements (7, 7a, 7b) as well as liquid cooling ducts (8a) integrated into the core (1) for the purpose of liquid cooling and a winding structure (3) around the core (1). The core (1) is assembled from subassemblies formed from structural elements (7, 7a, 7b), which subassemblies are separately composed of e.g. vertical pillars (35), a top horizontal beam (36) and a bottom horizontal beam (37), and cooling liquid ducts (8a) or cooling liquid pipes (10) are placed in at least a part of the subassemblies before final assembly of the core (1).

Abstract: A separable liquid-cooling heat-dissipation module has a first flow pipe, a second flow pipe, and a plurality of heat conduction blocks. The second flow pipe is set on a top end of the first flow pipe. A bottom end of the second flow pipe has a gap, so that a heat-insulating structure is formed between the first flow pipe and the second flow pipe. The heat conduction blocks are installed on both sides of the first flow pipe and the second flow pipe. A combination of the first flow pipe, the second flow pipe, and the heat conduction blocks provides a modular heat-dissipation structure and also achieves effects of heat-dissipation and energy-saving.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat exchanger for bathing shower comprising an upper deck, a lower chassis and two hatches. On the bottom surface of the upper deck are disposed several parallel septa, whose integral propping strength is good enough to support maximal body weight of a bathing user. After having assembled, the circulation of internal water passages is configured into a continual zigzag duct to increase energy saving effect in consequence of improvement in heat exchanging efficiency of the water heater. With simple structure, it is easily fabricated by traditional extruding method without welding process and related welding technician. Thereby, selling price is reduced with marketing competitiveness because overall manufacturing cost is decreased so that the purchasing intention of the consumers is spurred. Thus, it is not only favorable to promote and penetrate marketing range and depth but also valuable to achieve energy saving and carbon reducing effect.

Abstract: An exhaust duct for cooling an exhaust flue. One or more modular coolant coils are disposed about the outer circumference of or within the flue interior cavity for thermal communication with exhaust gas. Each coil has a helical spiral profile extending along the flue axial dimension, an interior lumen there through for passage of coolant provided by a cooling system, and a respective inlet and outlet for respective intake and discharge of coolant. Optionally at least one remotely adjustable valve is coupled to the coolant coil and an industrial automation controller, for regulation of coolant flow rate within the coil. The coolant coils may incorporate one or more coolant temperature sensors in communication with the controller. A plurality of exhaust duct cooling coils may be under common control of the controller, for allocation of coolant among the coils and other portions of the cooling system.

Abstract: A plate heat exchanger realizing improved heat exchange performance by increasing the fluidity of fluids and by promoting turbulence of the fluids, including: heat exchange elements stacked by being laid one on top of another and individually formed by assembling upper and lower plates, with an internal flow channel defined in each of the heat exchange elements and an external flow channel defined between the heat exchange elements, the internal and external flow channels allowing internal and external fluids to pass therethrough, respectively, wherein the upper and lower plates are provided with respective wave patterns having ridges and valleys, each of the heat exchange elements has an inlet port and an outlet port, the upper and lower plates respectively have an upper flange and a lower flange which are assembled with each other through fitting, and first and second flat parts are formed around the upper and lower flanges.

Abstract: Heat transfer apparatuses and systems are provided. A heat transfer apparatus (100) can include a thermal conduit (110) having a first end (120) and a second end (130). The thermal conduit can be disposed at least partially within an electronic device enclosure (140). A non-heat conductive material (150) can be disposed at least partially about at least a portion of the thermal conduit.