Abstract: A tillage implement comprising a main frame, a front group of coulter blades carried by the main frame and extending generally laterally, and a rear group of coulter blades carried by the main frame and extending generally laterally. The tillage implement additionally comprises a set of wheels configured to support the main frame and positioned generally between the front and rear groups of coulter blades. The tillage implement additionally comprises a group of harrow assemblies carried by the main frame and positioned rearward of the rear group of coulter blades. The tillage implement additionally comprises a front group of finishing reels carried by the main frame, extending generally laterally, and positioned rearward of the group of harrow assemblies. Furthermore, the tillage implement comprises a rear group of finishing reels carried by the main frame, extending generally laterally, and positioned rearward of the front group of finishing reels.

Abstract: An agricultural device associated with reduced tillage techniques in a field includes a frame and a separator supported by the frame. The separator is configured to form a strip of exposed soil in residual plant matter in the field. A crimping device associated with the separator is configured to at least partially crush stems of residual plant matter while maintaining the strip.

Abstract: Apparatus for hardening the surface of a snow and ice covered trail which includes apparatus for travel over the snow and/or ice covered terrain that includes means to remove entrained air from snow and/or ice particles proximate to the apparatus; means for redistribution of the dispersed snow and ice laterally and axially with respect to the apparatus incident to movement of the apparatus after dispersing has occurred; and means for compacting snow and ice redistributed in the means for redistributing to increase the hardness of the snow and ice that has been redistributed.

Abstract: An agricultural system includes a tow bar, a first row-cleaning device, and a second row-cleaning device. The first row-cleaning device is attached to the tow bar via a first frame and includes a first roller device in a trailing position relative to a first furrow-opener disk and configured to crush standing residual plant matter along a first path on a field. The second row-cleaning device is attached to the tow bar via a second frame and includes a second roller device in a trailing position relative to a second furrow-opener disk and configured to crush standing residual plant matter along a second path on the field. The second roller device is offset longitudinally from the first roller device.

Abstract: A trencher that is convertible between first and second trenching configurations so that when the trencher is in the first trenching configuration, a trencher boom includes a first trenching portion at the distal end of the boom and a second trenching portion that extends along a longitudinal axis from the first trenching portion toward the proximal end. The first trenching portion defines a first trench width, and the second trenching portion defines a second trench width. The first trench width is larger than the second trench width. The second trenching portion has a greater length measured along the longitudinal axis as compared to the first trenching portion.

Abstract: Soil treating systems and shearing assemblies for use in forestry operations are described. Embodiments of soil treating systems include a movement assembly having a front end and a back end, a shearing assembly mounted on the front end of the movement assembly, and leveling assembly mounted on the back end of the movement assembly. In some embodiments shearing assemblies are inverted V-type shearing assemblies. Further aspects described are directed towards methods for using soil treating systems and shearing assemblies for preparing land for interplanting an energy crop with a primary crop.

Abstract: A self-compensating multiple-section agricultural implement is disclosed. The agricultural implement includes a first ground-engaging tool coupled to a first frame section. A lift device in fluid communication with a hydraulic controller is coupled to the first frame section. The lift device is configured for raising and lowering the first frame section to move the first ground-engaging tool between a first ground-engaging tool transport position and a first pre-selected operating depth. A second frame section is coupled to the first frame section forward of the first ground-engaging tool. A second ground-engaging tool is coupled to the second frame section. An extendable and retractable cylinder is in fluid communication with the hydraulic controller and is coupled to the first frame section and the second frame section.

Abstract: A residue clearing apparatus for a shank of an agricultural implement includes a spoked wheel adapted for attachment to the implement such that the spoked wheel rotates about a wheel axis oriented substantially horizontal and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the implement and forward of the shank. A drive is operative to rotate the spoked wheel. The spoked wheel is oriented such that ends of spokes of the spoked wheel pass above the ground forward of the shank, and such that the ends of the spokes of the spoked wheel pass adjacent to a front face of the shank. The spokes may be resiliently or pivotally mounted to the wheel.

Abstract: An aeration core pulverizer for crushing aeration cores created by turf aeration devices and for dispersing the resulting particulate so as to be reintegrated with the ground, and so that remaining tufts of grass may be easily blown away or removed during mowing. The aeration core pulverizer may include a carriage for mounting a plurality of rows of tines, a brush assembly and a mat, each of which are positioned on the carriage in an arrangement which serves to crush the aeration cores into increasingly smaller pieces. In addition, the rows of tines, the brush assembly and the mat are designed to cooperate together to distribute the particulate across the surface of the ground. The carriage may further include a shaft for mechanically securing the aeration core pulverizer to any suitably designed vehicle, such that it may be pulled across the surface of a turf.

Abstract: An implement is disclosed for smoothing grounds that include at least a compact base having a top surface and a lesser compact footing on top of the base. The implement includes a frame having a front portion, a central portion, a rear portion, and a width. Wheels are mounted for rotation directly to the frame, and tools are carried by the frame for engagement with the ground. The tools include a specially shaped cleaving blade connected to the rear portion of the frame by a tool support, which securely connects the cleaving blade at predetermined heights. The blade has a front shaving edge and a rear compressing edge. The blade extends straight across the width of the frame so as to maximize the drag displaced on the frame during use of the blade. Arrangement of the wheels directly on the frame provides optimal stabilization of the frame during operation of the blade.

Abstract: A plough assembly (10) to be fixed to a plough frame including a transverse beam (11). The assembly (10) includes a plough shank (13) with a leading surface (14) that is generally upwardly oriented. The lower end of the shank (13) is provided with a digging adapter (24) to which there is attached a digging blade (28). Located behind the adapter (24) is a fertilizer delivery tube (33), while behind the tube (33) is a seed delivery tube (42). A seed bed is formed by a tool (43) that is in front of the tube (42), while behind the tube (42) is a press wheel (39).

Abstract: An agricultural implement in the form of a dicing plow booster device is provided that is operative to connect to a further hitch device of a front end of a plow. The implement has a dicing drum in rotating connection with a dicing drum frame, and has a drive roller in rotating connection with the drive roller frame. The dicing drum comprises a plurality of blades. A first hydraulic motor causes the dicing drum to rotate in a first direction. A second hydraulic motor causes the drive roller to rotate in a second direction opposite the first direction. When the agricultural implement is mounted to the plow, the dicing drum and drive roller are positioned rearwardly of the plow. The drive roller rotating in the second direction is operative to urge the agricultural implement to move in a direction towards the plow.

Abstract: A low till agricultural implement has a frame with a hitch for attachment to a tractor. An shallow-angled blade gang composed of an array of parallel ultra-shallow inclined disk blades is mounted to the front of the frame, and is followed by at least one wheel, spiral reel, and spike tooth harrow. The ultra-shallow inclined disk blades are mounted perpendicular to rotating shafts, and slice through field residue and soil with minimal lateral movement of material. The blades of the following reel then make cuts nearly perpendicular to those made by the circular blades. A trailing rolling basket or other finishing implement follows the spiral reel. The implement aids in drying the soil surface layer. Also, by cutting up residue and evenly spreading debris and topsoil, the implement helps to warm up the soil.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an agricultural implement includes at least a first row of ground engaging tools, each of the tools spaced a first distance apart from one another, and a second row of ground engaging tools disposed behind the first row of ground engaging tools, each of the second row of ground engaging tools spaced a second distance apart from one another. The implement also includes a row of soil shaping disks disposed behind the second row of ground engaging tools, wherein a spacing between each of the soil shaping disks is not uniform and corresponds to whether the spacing is behind the first row of ground engaging disks or behind the second row of ground engaging disks.

Abstract: A strip tillage implement includes a single, center-mounted arm located directly above the row area of a strip-till berm. Basket halves are rotatably connected to opposite sides of the arm in cantilever fashion to eliminate outer support arms. Residue flow encounters rolling baskets rather than fixed arms so that catching, flipping and twisting of residue is minimized and plugging in high residue conditions is reduced. A single, center-mounted bearing and simplified basket halves reduce the cost and complexity of the implement.

Abstract: A conservation tillage implement having three or more rows of individual coulter wheel assemblies laterally spaced apart and removably mounted on a cultivator frame, a coulter wheel assembly in a given row being staggered with respect to the coulter wheel assemblies in a longitudinally adjacent row. The coulter wheel assemblies may be laterally adjustable and may be mounted to the cultivator frame using a mounting means that permits rotation about a vertical axis. The coulter wheel assemblies may comprise a coil spring having a horizontal spring axis to permit upward deflection in response to impact with an obstacle. Leveling attachments may optionally be mounted to the cultivator frame, along with additional field working tools. The implement is used in the management of crop residue as part of a minimum tillage strategy. The implement is particularly resistant to plugging and can be operated at high speeds without undue damage upon impact with obstacles.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a novel configuration for agricultural tandem disk systems that feature soil finishing systems. This configuration of the finishing system features finishing reels that provide a robust assembly that will require less frequent repair and maintenance. The finishing system also features support arms that allow the user to adjust the position of finishing reels and the downward force applied to the reels. In an exemplary embodiment, the soil finishing reels are located behind two rows of ground breaking disk blades. After the soil is opened by the disks, the finishing reel may be used to break up or split large soil clods created by the disks. The soil finishing system allows the user to have the soil in an optimized state for germination after one pass of the agricultural system, reducing the number of passes needed to prepare the field.

Abstract: A soil working implement for being dragged behind a towing vehicle. The implement includes a hitch part and a soil working part. The soil working part may be pivoted about the hitch part by extending or retracting a longitudinal linkage member interposed between the hitch part and the soil working part.

Abstract: A novel soil conditioning rotary reel comprised of a rotary reel having a plurality of flat bars attached to support plates in a symmetrical helix arrangement is disclosed. The number of bars and the diameter of the reel are determined by the limitation that the straight-line distance between two adjacent bars be less than six inches.

Abstract: A tillage implement includes a hitch adapted for connection to a prime mover. A cultivator section is attached to the hitch. The cultivator section includes a plurality of transversely spaced cultivator members. A tine harrow assembly is connected to the cultivator section in a trailing relationship thereto. The tine harrow assembly includes at least two transversely oriented rows of transversely spaced tines. A first row of tines are adjacent to the cultivator section having the tines arranged such that one of the tines is positioned along a line of travel offset laterally from a line of travel of each the cultivator members to engage soil positioned in a mound to opposing sides of the cultivator members.

Abstract: An agricultural tillage implement that employs multiple apparatus to carry out a strip-till farming operation is disclosed. A tillage shank runs a point through the compaction layer to fracture and loosen the soil, forcing it upwardly and outwardly where a pair of angled soil-gathering blades, located adjacent the shank, redirect the soil into a newly created berm. A trailing conditioning rotary reel having a particular cross-sectional profile forms the soil into a uniform raised berm ideally suited for planting.

Abstract: A novel soil conditioning rotary reel comprised of a rotary reel having a plurality of flat bars attached to support plates in a symmetrical helix arrangement is disclosed. The number of bars and the diameter of the reel are determined by the limitation that the straight-line distance between two adjacent bars be less than six inches.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: A low till agricultural implement has a frame with a hitch for attachment to a tractor. A straight coulter composed of an array of parallel circular blades is mounted to the front of the frame, and is followed by a spiral reel assembly and a spike tooth harrow assembly. The circular blades are mounted perpendicular to rotating shafts, and slice through field residue and soil with minimal side movement of material. The blades of the following reel then make cuts nearly perpendicular to those made by the circular blades. A trailing level bar follows the spiral reel. The implement aids in drying the soil surface layer, and, by cutting up residue and even spreading, the implement helps to warm up the soil.

Abstract: An agricultural tillage implement that employs multiple apparatus to carry out a strip-till farming operation is disclosed. A tillage shank runs a point through the compaction layer to fracture and loosen the soil, forcing it upwardly and outwardly where a pair of angled soil-gathering blades, located adjacent the shank, redirect the soil into a newly created berm. A trailing conditioning rotary reel having a particular cross-sectional profile forms the soil into a uniform raised berm ideally suited for planting.

Abstract: A one-pass field tillage implement and method which maintains a uniform soil density throughout the crop root zone for greater root development, improved plant health and greater yields by eliminating tillage of the soil at seed planting depths. The implement includes a wheeled frame operably supporting at least three longitudinally spaced tillage tool assemblies which first chops crop surface residue, then aggressively lifts and redistributes the chopped surface crop residue and breaks up the soil surface crust, and then levels the soil so that the soil surface is substantially smooth and ready for planting, all in a single-pass without tilling the soil at seed planting depths.

Abstract: A disc gang is provided that is suitable for use as part of a multifunctional seedbed preparation implement or in a standalone disc harrow. The disc gang is configured to permit a gang angle of the disc gang to be adjusted to accommodate differing soil conditions and/or to obtain different tillage characteristics. The disc gang may include a frame mounted on a mainframe of a primary tillage implement such as a cultivator. The frame includes a main beam mounted on the implement's mainframe and a disc support beam connected to the main beam and supporting a plurality of rotating discs. The gang angle can be infinitely adjusted through a designated range by pivoting one end of the disc gang about a vertical pivot axis while permitting another end portion of the disc gang to slide along a support surface for that end.

Abstract: An improved trail groomer apparatus having multiple components arranged in an integrated ensemble is herein disclosed. The preferred embodiments of this trail groomer comprises a rectilinear frame having, arranged in series, a power tiller, a pulverizer assembly and a compacting roller. These functional components turn over the irregular and often hard packed surface of snow and ice, or earth, grind or pulverize it into a fine powder or granule material and thereafter compact it into a smooth, rut-free trail.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a relatively shallow drainage ditch diagonally across crop rows, the apparatus, drawn or fitted to a tractor, incorporates a rotating cutting disk set semi-vertical and at obtuse angles to the direction of travel. The disk is adjustable in two planes and is driven either by direct drive from the tractor's PTO or by hydraulic motor. The replaceable disk is fitted with slinger plates to insure proper removal of the excavated earth. An adjustable cutting tooth is provided in front of the disk for breaking the soil prior to being cut by the rotating disk. A trailing wheel or foot skid, in conjunction with a flexible upper connection of the three point hitch, is provided to control the cutting depth of the tooth and cutting disk, thereby allowing the tooth and cutting disk to follow the contour of the earth. The apparatus is also mountable to the front of a tractor, if desired, when the disk is driven hydraulically.

Abstract: A tillage apparatus performs shallow tillage with leading tillage discs followed by chisel plows with winged points performing primary tillage in strips of untilled soil left by the forward discs. The points lift the soil and roll it laterally. Levelers follow the plows to leave a smooth surface and reduce the soil preparation needed for planting the following season.

Abstract: An implement for preparing seedbeds and lawns includes a main frame member upon which are mounted scarifying teeth to penetrate the soil and tines which work the soil and prepare the final grade after the soil has been scarified. A subframe is pivotally mounted on the main frame and carries a grading blade ahead of the scarifying teeth when the implement is move in the forward direction. The blade is allowed to float relative to the main frame on the subframe to thereby knock down vegetation, remove rocks and lightly grade the soil. The subframe can be moved relative the main frame to a position lifting the scarifying teeth and the tines off of the ground and allowing the blade to provide a deeper grading of the soil or the subframe may be moved to a position lifting the blade off of the soil so that the soil is contacted only by the scarifying teeth and the tines.

Abstract: The invention discloses apparatus for grooming, leveling and conditioning athletic fields comprised of a leveling trowel having beveled ends. Soil is worked using elastomeric flails disposed into contact with the surface by a rigid weight bar pivotally mounted on the upper surface of the independently pivotable flails. The grooming apparatus may be mounted with a two or three-point hitch assembly or towed by a drawbar from any utility tractor or other landscape vehicle.

Abstract: A gauge wheel assembly includes a gauge wheel arm that straddles the rig tube and is supported on the tube by two bushings inserted through holes on either side of the tube. The bushings contact each other near the center of the tube to provide a solid or hard joint which permits the pivot bolt to be tightened without crushing the sides of the tube. The bushing has protrusions that are pressed into the tubing wall during installation and thereby prevent bushing rotation. Two different straps at the lower end of the wheel arm permits at least three different combinations of gauge wheels to be quickly and easily mounted. A compact and easily accessible depth adjusting crank is supported entirely above the rig tube. A depth indicator projects from the crank trunnion mounting on the upper end of the wheel arm to provide an indication of depth adjustment.

Abstract: The row crop cultivator includes a cultivation unit (10) with a unit frame (12) attached to a tool bar (21) by parallel links (28 and 34). The unit frame (12) is supported by a pair of gauge wheels (14 and 16). A disk coulter (18) is mounted on the unit frame (12) with its forward edge positioned between the gauge wheels (14 and 16). A middleworker (20) is supported by the unit frame (20) directly behind the disk coulter (18). The gauge wheels (14 and 16) are mounted on an axle assembly (90) that includes gauge wheel arms (92 and 94) and a force equalizing link (98). The force equalizing link (98) equalizes the force exerted on the two gauge wheels (14 and 16) by the unit frame (12). An adjustment rod (106) adjusts the position of the force equalizing link. A coulter adjustment rod (54 ) with a lost motion connection adjusts the maximum depth of the disk coulter.

Abstract: A cultivator for post-planting cultivation. The cultivator includes a main frame. A chisel member has one end portion coupled to the frame and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion along a longitudinal axis of the chisel member for cultivating soil during operation of the cultivator. A heave limiter is coupled to the frame ahead of the chisel member relative to the direction of operation of the chisel cultivator. The chisel member is adjustable relative to the frame to adjust the distance of the second end portion of the chisel member from the frame. A sweep assembly is coupled to the frame behind the chisel member relative to the direction of operation of the cultivator. The sweep assembly includes wings which extend outwardly of a centerline extending in the direction of operation of the cultivator in a plane substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the chisel member. A sifting assembly is coupled to the sweep assembly.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed for independent adjustment of the gauge wheel, disc hillers, stabilizer disc and, if desired, the rear, central sweep for an agricultural cultivator unit. The adjusting mechanism includes a screw jack which is easily accessible from the top of the cultivator for setting the adjustment of vertically telescoping inner and outer tubular sections, and a clamp for maintaining the setting once the adjustment is made. Improvements in the disc hiller structure itself include an indicator plate located at the top of the shank on which the disc is mounted for indicating the angular adjustment of the working angle of the disc, and a forged shank having a circular cross-section at the top, and a flattened portion at the bottom to provide strength but flexibility.

Abstract: A landscape leveling and raking apparatus has a frame, a handle protruding upwardly from the frame, a rake pivotally coupled to the frame to protrude downwardly and rearwardly therefrom, a screed fixed to the frame forwardly of the rake, a plurality of tiller blades rotatably mounted along a forward, open end of the frame, a motor which rotatably drives the tiller blades, and a mechanism for raising or lowering the tiler ,blades relative to the frame. As the blades rotate, they till the soil and propel the apparatus forward. The frame is open along its front edge. This allows soil to accumulate within the frame as the apparatus moves forward. The soil gradually escapes from the frame by passing beneath a screed fixed along the lower rear edge of the frame. The screed levels the soil before it is raked by the tines of the rake.

Abstract: A ski trail making means, composed of a frame for attachment e.g. behind a snowmobile and to which has been pivotally connected a drag adjustable in vertical direction, following after which is a trail planer with trail making blades side by side, after which follows a cylindrical levelling roll supporting the means. The drag is suspended by linkage arms pivoted to the frame in such manner that it is free to rise upwardly. The trail planer is resiliently attached to the frame. The levelling roll carries projecting trail groove depressor rims. The means of the invention has a light-weight design and is therefore well fit to be towed e.g. with a snowmobile. The means is also advantageous owing to its simplicity.

Abstract: A snow grooming apparatus for towing behind a pulling vehicle to handle and condition snow, as an example, on ski slopes or cross country trails. The apparatus includes a scraper and snow collector assembly including a scraper blade and hopper followed by a roller assembly. As the apparatus moves forwardly the blade scrapes or cuts the surface of the snow and confines the cut snow in the hopper. The hopper includes at opposite sides thereof a pair of pivoted floated side panels, the bottom edges of which follow the grade or terrain and help to prevent the cut snow in the hopper from escaping out the sides of the hopper. As the apparatus continues to move forwardly, the cut or powder snow is redeposited almost immediately in low areas of the terrain. Finally the roller assembly moves across the redeposited snow and compacts and conditions the surface for safe recreational purposes.

Abstract: An improved reciprocatory self-loading dual-ended earth excavation vehicle pivotally connected to two or more unmanned self-leveling and self-maneuvering telescopic conveyor vehicles, the latter in turn are pivotally connected to a multi-function dual-ended distribution vehicle capable of conveying, spreading, wetting, impacting and grading the earth fill. The above-mentioned articulated vehicles provide the means to excavate, convey and discharge a virtually continuous flow of earth while traveling in a forward or rearward direction. The excavation and telescopic conveyor vehicles are readily adaptable to surface mining of various minerals including coal and oil shale by simply exchanging the above-mentioned distribution vehicle for a pivotally connected boom conveyer vehicle which provides the means for discharging the ore at a mill site or for the loading of long haul ore carriers.

Abstract: An agricultural implement has an elongated frame extending transverse to the direction of travel with soil penetrating tools and liquid spraying booms mounted on the frame. A pair of liquid tanks are carried by respective supports in front of the frame, one at either side of a central coupling on the front beam that is connectable to the lifting hitch of a prime mover. The supports extend upwardly and forwardly so that the tanks are located adjacent the outer sides of the rear wheels of the prime mover connected to the coupling. With this arrangement, the tanks compact the weight of the implement and help balance the load when the implement is raised by the lifting hitch. Each tank communicates with a spraying boom so that herbicides, fertilizers and the like can be dispensed.

Abstract: An exercise device is provided which simulates the action of skiing for training and developing the muscles used in skiing. The device includes a leg having at least one aperture into which a round peg is inserted. A board is provided which has a slot which fits over the leg and rests on the peg. The end of the board is pivotally rested on the floor. Straps are provided to hold the user's feet. The board wll rock back and forth in a limited manner when user is on it, simulating a ski action. Several apertures may be provided to change the position of the peg and hence the action of the board.

Abstract: A stubble eradicating implement adapted for earth traversing movement along a ridge having stubble and other debris thereon and having furrows on opposite sides of the ridge, the implement having a frame, guide wheels mounted on the frame; a pair of concavo-convex disk blades mounted on the frame in fore and aft spaced relation rearwardly of the guide wheels for free rotation about individual axes lying in vertical planes oppositely forwardly convergent with the ridge and oppositely forwardly inclined in their respective planes so that the concave faces of the disks are forwardly and upwardly disposed with the disk blades overlapping in earth engagement centrally of the ridge to discharge stubble and debris from the ridge into adjacent furrows, a first furrowing shovel mounted on the frame rearwardly of the disk blades in alignment with the ridge to discharge soil onto stubble and debris in the furrows, a compacting roller mounted on the frame rearwardly of each of the first shovels in alignment with their re

Abstract: A tillage machine includes a main frame that supports rotary soil working tined members and various additional tools that can be detachably fastened to the main frame in combination with the rotary tined members to landscape in one pass. For primary use, a ripper assembly is detachably fastened at the front of the frame in advance of the rotary soil working members. A pulverizer-support roller is detachably fastened to the frame in a trailing position and a leveler bar supported between the roller and the rotary members to prevent ridging. A seed box with delivery system can be mounted on the roller frame and driven by a transmission connected to the roller axle. A packer roller is detachably pivoted to the frame to leave the ground in a finished condition.

Abstract: A tractor-drawn machine adapted to perform tilling, seedbed preparation, and planting in a single operation, comprises a frame from which plow units, a reel unit, a roller unit and seed planting units are mounted seriatim. The attitude of the frame may be adjusted during operation in that the operator of the tractor is able to independently adjust the elevation of both the front of the frame and the rear of the frame.

Abstract: Apparatus for towing behind a tow vehicle to handle and condition snow on ski slopes, including a ripper assembly having teeth for ripping the surface of the snow, a scraper assembly for scraping the surface of the snow and to redeposit quantities of accumulated snow in low areas, a roller assembly for compacting loose snow and a drag assembly for dragging the surface of conditioned snow.

Abstract: A device for shattering impacted soil, attached to and operated by a farm tractor having a pipe positioned high above the ground for intake of air for providing forced air to a tube extending under the soil following its shattering to supply oxygen under, to and through the soil for replenishing the same for increased plant yield.

Abstract: A cultivator for conditioning the earth surface along row crops, the cultivator having a frame adapted for earth traversing movement along rows of such crops; scraper blade assemblies mounted on the frame for floating action; and earth surface engaging, blade depth control skis affixed on the assemblies and forwardly extended therefrom elevationally controlling the scraper blade assemblies in response to the earth traversed thereby.

Abstract: An implement for preparing seedbeds and lawns includes a main frame member upon which are mounted scarifying teeth to penetrate the soil and tines which work the soil and prepare the final grade after the soil has been scarified. A subframe is pivotally mounted on the main frame and carries a grading blade ahead of the scarifying teeth when the implement is move in the forward direction. The blade is allowed to float relative to the main frame on the subframe to thereby knock down vegetation, remove rocks and lightly grade the soil. The subframe can be moved relative the main frame to a position lifting the scarifying teeth and the tines off of the ground and allowing the blade to provide a deeper grading of the soil or the subframe may be moved to a position lifting the blade off of the soil so that the sold is contacted only by the scarifying teeth and the tines.