Abstract: The power conversion apparatus includes a housing attached to a roof of a vehicle, a heat-receiving block, and one or more heat pipes. The housing has an opening on the top in the vertical direction, and accommodates electronic components. The electronic components are attached to a first main surface, which is one of the main surfaces of the heat-receiving block. The heat-receiving block is attached to the housing and closes the opening. The one or more heat pipes are attached to a second main surface, which is the other of the main surfaces of the heat-receiving block, extend in a direction away from the heat-receiving block, and accommodate refrigerant therein.

Abstract: An improved electrical power-generating system for an electric vehicle powered by at least one rechargeable battery and for a hybrid vehicle powered, at least in part, by at least one rechargeable battery. Each vehicle includes an upper portion and a lower portion spaced from the upper portion. The power-generating system includes a first pair of wind turbines arranged in a first airflow channel located in the lower portion; and a second pair of wind turbines arranged in a second airflow channel in the upper portion. The first and second wind turbines are operatively connected to the at least one battery.

Abstract: To increase an effect of absorbing an impact load from a vehicle front side. A vehicle-body structure includes a left-side suspension support member supporting a front suspension, a center frame disposed higher than and away from a floor panel at a vehicle-width-direction central portion of an occupant space and extending in a vehicle front-rear direction, a left-side front frame connected to a front portion of the center frame and extending to the left-side suspension support member, a right-side front frame connected to the front portion of the center frame and extending to a right-side suspension support member, and a connection member that connects the floor panel and at least one of a rear portion of the left-side front frame, a rear portion of the right-side front frame, and the front portion of the center frame.

Abstract: To sufficiently improve the distortion stiffness of a vehicle body in a case in which no floor tunnel largely bulging upward from a floor panel is provided. A vehicle-body structure includes a floor panel constituting a floor of an occupant space including a seat on which a passenger is to sit, a cross member provided at a rear portion of the floor panel and extending in a vehicle width direction, a center frame disposed to be higher than and away from the floor panel at a vehicle-width-direction central portion of the occupant space and extending in a vehicle front-rear direction, and a connecting member connecting the cross member and a rear portion of the center frame.

Abstract: A battery assembly including a housing sized to be replaceably installed within a battery assembly compartment of an electric vehicle. Where a plurality of battery modules are disposed within the housing. The battery assembly includes a battery module charging assembly electrically coupled with a negative module terminal and a positive module terminal of each of the plurality of battery modules and disposed within the battery assembly housing. The battery module charging assembly includes a power supply plug configured to deliver electrical energy from the plurality of battery modules to the electric vehicle, a power charging port configured to be coupled with and receive electrical energy from a power source for charging the plurality of battery modules. The charging assembly further includes control circuitry configured to control charging operations of the battery assembly and a switch configured to connect the plurality of battery modules in parallel or series.

Abstract: To decrease the retraction amount of a traveling motor at front collision. A vehicle-body structure includes a floor panel constituting a floor of an occupant space including a seat on which a passenger sits, a center frame disposed to be higher than and away from the floor panel at a vehicle-width-direction central portion of the occupant space and extending in a vehicle front-rear direction, and a connecting member extending upward from the floor panel, having an upper portion fixed to the center frame, and connecting the center frame to the floor panel. A traveling motor is arranged on a vehicle front side of the connecting member.

Abstract: The technology includes an electric vehicle (EV) including a drivetrain system and a power system. The drivetrain system includes an electric motor configured to supply motive power to the EV and a drivetrain controller configured to control power supplied to the electric motor. The power system includes a primary battery configured to supply electric current to the drivetrain controller of the drivetrain system. The primary battery is rechargeable via a charging station. The power system also includes a trickle charger configured to supply a trickle charge to a component of the power system. The trickle charger is a self-contained source of electric current that is generated autonomously and is not rechargeable. The power system further includes a power management controller configured to manage electric current supplied from the trickle charger to the power system.

Abstract: A cart may include: a driving wheel; a motor configured to rotate the driving wheel; a motor drive circuit configured to control electric power supply to the motor; a motor control device configured to control the motor via the motor drive circuit; a switching element arranged on an electric power supply path to the motor drive circuit; a switch circuit arranged separately from the motor control device and configured to switch the switching element between a conduction state and a non-conduction state; and an operation member arranged on the cart and configured to be operated by a user. The cart may operate in a manual mode in which the motor is driven when the operation member is on and the motor is stopped when the operation member is off, and in an automatic mode in which the motor is driven regardless of whether the operation member is on or off.

Abstract: The application discloses a modular robotic vehicle or (MRV) including a chassis and body having any shape and dimension to include an enclosed cab in which passengers are seated therein or a passenger to ride on a seat without an enclosed cab. The vehicle's modular chassis further comprising leg array rotatably connected therein, the leg array including actuators causing flexing and bobbing motion for keeping the MRV stabilized when traversing over various ground surfaces in indoor or outdoor environments. The leg array providing walking and steering capability allowing the MRV to transverse during a navigation mode, the wheel providing differential steering propulsion or braking capability, such that the wheel operates like a foot when powered off during a walking mode and rotates when powered on during a drive mode, the MRV to transport passengers and/or cargo.

Abstract: A charging system for generating power for an electrical vehicle in motion is provided. The charging system embodies a parallel arrangement of alternators equipped with electromagnetic clutch drives disposed between a starter power source/drive assembly and electric storage device of the electrical vehicle. A charge controller controls the downstream balanced charge to the electric storage device through de-activating or activating the alternators' electromagnetic clutch drives to operate at a set RPM range. The systemic and selective control of the electromagnetic clutches addresses resistance of the alternators at higher RPMs.

Abstract: The control device includes an acquisition unit that acquires a first index value that is an index of a deterioration state of the power storage device, and a lower limit setting unit that lowers a lower limit value of an allowable range for a second index value indicating a power storage state of the power storage device, when the first index value acquired by the acquisition unit indicates a predetermined degree of deterioration or more.

Abstract: Method for controlling of at least two electric motors (230A, 230B) of an electric lift truck (200), each of the at least two electric motors (230A, 230B) controlled with a respective electrical drive (244A, 244B) and arranged to generate a torque to a respective drive wheel (210), the method comprising: generating a respective control signal to each of the respective electrical drive (244A, 244B) in response to a detection that a speed of the lift truck (200) is below a reference value and that a steering angle is within a reference range, the respective control signal carrying an speed orders (01, 02) for the each respective electrical drive (244A, 244B) for generating torques to the drive wheels (210). Aspects relating to a method, a control unit a computer program product and a lift truck are provided.

Abstract: An energy converter that utilizes compressed environmental air includes an air compressing unit, at least one first battery, at least one second battery, a plurality of direct current (DC) accessories. The air compressing unit includes a supply duct, a nozzle duct, a pressurized air tank, a compressor, a power-generating tube, and a plurality of air-flow generators. The compressor is in fluid communication with the supply duct. The pressurized air tank is in fluid communication with the compressor. The nozzle duct is in fluid communication with the pressurized air tank. The power-generating tube is in fluid communication with the pressurized air tank and nozzle duct. The plurality of air-flow generators is operatively coupled within the power-generating tube. The plurality of air-flow generators is electrically connected to the first battery that powers the plurality of DC accessories and is electrically connected to the second battery that powers the compressor via an inverter.

Abstract: A system includes a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), a first charger connected to another device external from the system having at least one battery, a second charger connected to an on board battery pack, and at least one programmable logic controller (PLC) configured to: manage communication between the VAWT, the at least one battery, and the first charger to ensure that the at least one battery reaches a preset state of charge (SOC) comprising 90% state of charge, and manage communication between the on board battery pack and the second charger to ensure that the on board battery pack reaches the preset SOC and trigger the second charger to discontinue the charging session, manage transfer of energy from the on board battery pack to the at least one battery.

Abstract: This application is directed to an apparatus for providing electrical charge to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a driven mass, a generator, a charger, a hardware controller, and a communication circuit. The driven mass rotates in response to a kinetic energy of the vehicle and is coupled to a shaft such that rotation of the driven mass causes the shaft to rotate. The driven mass exists in one of (1) an extended position and (2) a retracted position. The generator generates an electrical output based on a mechanical input coupled to the shaft such that rotation of the shaft causes the mechanical input to rotate. The charger is electrically coupled to the generator and: receives the electrical output, generates a charge output based on the electrical output, and conveys the charge output to the vehicle. The controller controls whether the driven mass is in the extended position or the retracted position in response to a signal received from the communication circuit.

Abstract: A vehicle structure includes side sills, pillars, a first battery arrangement portion provided inside the vicinity of the pillars in a vehicle width direction below a floor panel, and a second battery arrangement portion provided at a center portion in the vehicle width direction below the floor panel in a region inside an outer portion of the first battery arrangement portion in the vehicle width direction.

Abstract: Solar power generation panels added on a transportation vehicle have a layout wherein power output of the panels varies according to an azimuth orientation of the vehicle. A controller includes a database of calibration curves relating an expected power output to a respective range of the azimuth orientation according to different solar altitude angles. A self-learning sequence is performed which (a) collects a magnitude of power output while the vehicle traverses the respective range of the azimuth orientation, (b) identifies a current solar altitude angle, and (c) stores a resulting calibration curve. A parking sequence comprises (a) selecting a calibration curve according to solar altitude angle, (b) determining a target vehicle azimuth angle which optimizes a cumulative power output based on the calibration curve and solar azimuth, and (d) initiating a movement of the vehicle to orient it at the target vehicle azimuth angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting accessories to a golf cart roof that includes an elongated attachment member extending between the front and rear or the left and right side of the roof and secured to the roof by a slotted base, fasteners, or compression connectors. The apparatus allows accessories, such as curtains or wind screens to be quickly and easily attached to or detached from a golf cart.

Abstract: A system for generating energy on board a vehicle can comprise a flywheel, a bearing, an energy generation unit, and a stabilization bracket. The flywheel can rotate based on at least a kinetic energy of a driven mass selectively coupled to the flywheel via the bearing. The energy generation unit can convert a mechanical energy received from the flywheel to an electrical energy and provide at least a portion of the electrical energy to a motor of the vehicle to power the vehicle. The stabilization bracket can support the flywheel and reduce vibrations of the flywheel or energy generation unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an unmanned (100) and configurable as a standalone energy module mobile vehicle, which comprises: one chassis (1) a body (27) mounted on the chassis (1) a drive system (4) comprising a motor (51), the drive system (4) configured to receive commands from a user-operated controller, the vehicle (100) comprising at least a rechargeable battery module (80) configured to feed the motor (51) and provide a source of electrical energy.

Abstract: A system is provided for performing an electric power charging process for one or more electric devices. Included in the system is a charging system integrated into the electric vehicle by installing the charging system on-board the electric vehicle. The charging system is configured to receive electric power from the electrified vehicle's powertrain, convert the received electric power into an electric current capable of charging the one or more electric devices, and charge the one or more electric devices based on the converted electric current.

Abstract: A power control system includes: an ECU configured to control (i) charging from a power facility to a vehicle and (ii) discharging from the vehicle to the power facility; and a user terminal configured to allow a user to separately set a charging power setting value and a discharging power setting value. When the charging from the power facility to the vehicle is performed, the ECU is configured to control power charged to the vehicle per unit time to correspond to the charging power setting value set by the user using the user terminal. When the discharging from the vehicle to the power facility is performed, the ECU is configured to control power discharged from the vehicle per unit time to correspond to the discharging power setting value set by the user using the user terminal.

Abstract: A solar module having on the front a cover plate with an outer surface and an inner surface is described. An optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged on the inner surface. The inner surface and/or the outer surface have a patterned region. The patterned region has a height profile with hills and valleys, and a portion of the patterned region is composed of flat segments that are inclined relative to a plane of the cover plate.

Abstract: A self-stabilizing vehicle includes a mass gyroscope which is fixed at an occupant compartment chassis corresponding to a portion where occupants sit. The occupant compartment portion may tilt outwards in response to the centrifugal force. If the vehicle has three or more wheels, the load is evenly distributed on the left wheel and the right wheel which move oppositely up and down about an effectively centrally-mounted shaft pin. Further, the present disclosure proposes a method for operating the self-stabilizing vehicle. According to the self-stabilizing vehicle and the operating method thereof, a vehicle having a narrow body may be used. When the vehicle undergoes external forces such as the centrifugal force and the crosswind, the occupant compartment can maintain the vertical stability even though the wheels may slide sideways.

Abstract: A speed reduction power unit system includes a main power unit operably connected to a vehicle battery and operably connected to a vehicle transmission via a driveshaft. The main power unit includes a primary motor adapted to convert kinetic energy from the transmission to stored electrical potential energy for recharging the vehicle battery. Secondary power units are operably connected to each wheel. Each secondary power unit includes a secondary motor adapted to convert energy to electrical potential energy. The secondary power unit engages to slow the vehicle and generate electrical energy when the vehicle brake is activated. Each secondary power unit is operably connected to the vehicle battery, such that each secondary unit can recharge the vehicle battery. The secondary power units can include internal batteries and may be removable and independently recharged, then reconnected to the system as needed to provide electrical energy to the primary vehicle battery.

Abstract: A transportation vehicle may be equipped with electrical energy harvesting systems to harvest electrical energy for use. By way of example, in the transportation vehicle, a Venturi system may be used to receive an air flow and the speed of the air flow increase in a constricted area of the Venturi system, the air flow containing a large amount of kinetic energy. A plurality of electrical energy harvesting systems is disposed in the Venturi system and is configured to convert the kinetic energy contained in the accelerated air flow into electrical energy that can be used to power on-board electronics as well as one or more on-board batteries in the transportation vehicle, as the transportation vehicle is in motion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric or hybrid means of transport comprising a high voltage bus and a low voltage bus. The high voltage bus is for delivering energy to at least one propulsion motor. The low voltage bus is for delivering energy to parts operating at low voltage. The electric or hybrid means of transport is equipped with a solar panel, the panel comprising groups of solar cells connected to a primary bus of an associated distributed maximum power point tracker. The distributed maximum power point tracker having a secondary bus to exchange energy with other distributed maximum power point trackers. The secondary bus of at least one of the distributed maximum power point tracker is connected to the low voltage bus, thereby eliminating the need for a DC/DC converter between the high voltage bus and the low voltage bus.

Abstract: This application is directed to an apparatus for providing electrical charge to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a driven mass, a generator, a charger, a hardware controller, and a communication circuit. The driven mass rotates in response to a kinetic energy of the vehicle and is coupled to a shaft such that rotation of the driven mass causes the shaft to rotate. The driven mass exists in one of (1) an extended position and (2) a retracted position. The generator generates an electrical output based on a mechanical input coupled to the shaft such that rotation of the shaft causes the mechanical input to rotate. The charger is electrically coupled to the generator and: receives the electrical output, generates a charge output based on the electrical output, and conveys the charge output to the vehicle. The controller controls whether the driven mass is in the extended position or the retracted position in response to a signal received from the communication circuit.

Abstract: A trailer includes a housing including an internal frame and an external frame. The external frame is coupled to the internal frame. In certain embodiments, the internal frame is positioned between interior panels and exterior panels of the housing. In certain embodiments, the external frame is spaced from exterior panels.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing a current speed of a vehicle that can operate on solar energy to increase solar energy collection. The system may include a photovoltaic (PV) panel configured to receive sunlight to drive an electric motor, a solar loading sensor configured to detect solar load, a global position system (GPS) sensor configured to detect vehicle location data, a speed sensor configured to detect vehicle speed, and an electronic control unit (ECU) connected to the electric motor, the solar loading sensor, the speed sensor, and the GPS sensor. The ECU may determine whether the vehicle is exposed to solar load greater than a predetermined threshold value and, if so, present a driver of the vehicle a minimum acceptable speed to select based on sensor data and a difference of solar energy collection between the minimum acceptable speed and the current speed.

Abstract: A rotating system includes a motor including a shaft, an impeller configured to rotate with the shaft and located in a path of air, an alternator including a rotor configured to rotate with the shaft; and at least one secondary battery configured to be charged by the alternator. Rotation of the shaft is configured to be driven by either the motor or the impeller.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a small, inexpensive, long-lived underwater beacon locator. The beacon locator can illustratively include a housing, a communications link, a processor, a plurality of hydrophones and a motion generator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for holonomic drivetrain modules for mobile robots. In one embodiment, an example mobile robot may include a chassis, and a holonomic drivetrain module removably coupled to the chassis. The holonomic drivetrain module may include a first drive wheel having a caster angle of substantially zero, a first bearing block assembly vertically aligned with the first drive wheel, and a first steer motor coupled to the first bearing block assembly and vertically aligned with the first drive wheel.

Abstract: A system for vehicle wheels including a hub cap assembly, a bracket assembly and a vehicle assembly is disclosed. The hub cap assembly includes a hub cap that includes lights. The hub cap is mounted to a vehicle to allow a user to customize the vehicle to display different colored lights while driving. The hub cap assembly includes a base mounted underneath of the hub cap. The bracket assembly includes a bracket that is mounted to the wheel hub of the vehicle. The base and hub cap are mounted over the wheel hub and secured to the bracket.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dual battery system for in a dual manner powering propulsion of an electric vehicle including a first electric motor coupled in driving relationship to one or more rear wheels and a second electric motor coupled in driving relationship to one or more front wheels. The dual battery system includes a first battery and a second battery. The first battery is configured to provide electric power for driving the first electric motor and the second battery is configured to provide electric power for driving the second electric motor. The present disclosure also relates to an electric vehicle including such a dual battery system.

Abstract: This application is directed to an apparatus for providing electrical charge to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a driven mass, a generator, a charger, a hardware controller, and a communication circuit. The driven mass rotates in response to a kinetic energy of the vehicle and is coupled to a shaft such that rotation of the driven mass causes the shaft to rotate. The driven mass exists in one of (1) an extended position and (2) a retracted position. The generator generates an electrical output based on a mechanical input coupled to the shaft such that rotation of the shaft causes the mechanical input to rotate. The charger is electrically coupled to the generator and: receives the electrical output, generates a charge output based on the electrical output, and conveys the charge output to the vehicle. The controller controls whether the driven mass is in the extended position or the retracted position in response to a signal received from the communication circuit.

Abstract: A system for parcel delivery may be provided using a package Pickup and Receiving Stations (PRS), sometimes also referred to as a Hub or Local Automated Hub. In some applications, it may be desirable to provide a number of PRSs located in areas having a high volume of local package delivery. Parcels directed to a recipient within an area serviced by the PRS may be delivered in bulk to the PRS by a parcel carrier. The PRS may then attend to final delivery to each parcel's recipient, preferably using an automated ground vehicle (AGV). Additionally or alternatively, consumers may tender packages to an AGV for, e.g., subsequent retrieval by a package carrier for further transport.

Abstract: An embodiment of Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Generator (HVAWG) concept with rotating big and small wings, magnetic coils, and magnetic field magnets attached to the wings. The generator motors use the generator motor coils, the generator motor magnets, magnetic field coils and magnetic field magnets to help produce the power using the repulsive characters of the same magnetic poles. Also, both the outside and the inside parts of the generator motors rotate while the inside parts of the generator motors rotate in the traditional wind generators.

Abstract: An electric self-balancing vehicle including a top cover, a bottom cover, an inner cover, a rotating mechanism, two wheels, two hub motors, a plurality of sensors, a power supply, and a controller is described herein. The top cover includes a first top cover and a second top cover disposed symmetrically and rotatable relative to each other. The bottom cover is fixed to the top cover and includes a first bottom cover and a second bottom cover disposed symmetrically and rotatable relative to each other. The inner cover is fixed between the top cover and the bottom cover and includes a first inner cover and a second inner cover disposed symmetrically and rotatable relative to each other. The rotating mechanism is fixed between the first inner cover and the second inner cover. The two wheels are rotatably fixed at two sides of the inner cover, respectively. The two hub motors are fixed in the two wheels, respectively. The plurality of sensors is disposed between the bottom cover and the inner cover, respectively.

Abstract: An aerial operations system for performing various tasks such as painting is provided. The modular aerial operations system includes an aerial vehicle capable of vertically taking off and landing, hovering and precisely maneuvering near walls and other structures. The aerial vehicle may be a rotorcraft such as a multicopter. In an aspect, as aerial vehicle paints one or more designated surfaces using detachable arms and equipment. The system may paint the designated surface in one of several available techniques using paint provided in a container such as an attached reservoir, a base station, a paint can, or the like. The aerial operations system provided may also be configured to perform a variety of other tasks.

Abstract: A vehicle mounted energy generator and storage system includes: a screened air inlet facing a front of the vehicle through which air enters when the vehicle is moving forward; a pneumatic barrel impeller assembly including one or more integral impeller air vanes positioned such that air flowing through the air inlet applies positive pressure to the one or more impeller air vanes to turn the pneumatic barrel impeller assembly and drive one or more generator/transmission assemblies; one or more batteries receiving energy generated by the pneumatic barrel impeller assembly; and an evacuation blower applying negative pressure to the rear of the impeller air vanes by evacuating air through one or more screened outlets not facing the front of the vehicle.

Abstract: A modular photovoltaic (PV) array system includes a PV array installed onto a fleet vehicle such as a trailer, bus etc., a host control system into which a plurality of fleet vehicles can connect to collectively generate electricity, and a subscriber system which collectively tracks energy generation and allocates respective contributions to the system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a small, inexpensive, long-lived underwater beacon locator. The beacon locator can illustratively include a housing, a communications link, a processor, a plurality of hydrophones and a motion generator.

Abstract: An electric three wheeled vehicle includes a vehicle chassis supporting a vehicle operator seat or saddle. The vehicle chassis defines a storage region beneath the vehicle operator seat or saddle. One or more energy storage devices for powering one or more electric motors of the vehicle are located within the storage region and are supported by the chassis. The storage region and/or the energy storage device(s) each form an elongate three-dimensional volume having a long axis that is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for inductively charging a vehicle. The inductive charging system includes multiple inductive coils for receiving a wireless transferred power. The inductive charging system includes a power electronics circuit that converts the wireless transferred power to a DC current and one or more power storage devices for storing the electrical energy by charging the one or more power storage devices using the DC current. The inductive charging system includes one or more motors configured to move the vehicle using the electrical energy. The inductive charging system includes an electronic control unit that is configured to control at least one of an amount of the electrical energy that is stored in each of the one or more power storage devices or an amount of the electrical energy that is distributed to the one or more motors to move the vehicle.

Abstract: A solar extended range electric vehicle includes panel deployment and emitter tracking features. In one aspect, the vehicle includes one or more deployment motors for deploying the solar panels from their closed position upon activation of a stationary mode. In another aspect, the vehicle provides dynamic emitter tracking in the stationary mode. For example, the one or more deployment motors and/or counterpart processing systems are configured in one embodiment, to rotate, translate, or otherwise orient their respective solar panels to track the sun. The vehicle may further include a dynamic leaning suspension system as an additional or alternative emitter tracking mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle mounted energy generator and storage system includes: a screened air inlet facing a front of the vehicle through which air enters when the vehicle is moving forward; a pneumatic barrel impeller assembly including one or more integral impeller air vanes positioned such that air flowing through the air inlet applies positive pressure to the one or more impeller air vanes to turn the pneumatic barrel impeller assembly and drive one or more generator/transmission assemblies; one or more batteries receiving energy generated by the pneumatic barrel impeller assembly; and an evacuation blower applying negative pressure to the rear of the impeller air vanes by evacuating air through one or more screened outlets not facing the front of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electric powered vehicle having a battery pack capable of storing electric energy and a clean fuel engine operated with a clean fuel. A first D/C alternator communicating with the clean fuel engine, supplying electric energy to the electric driving motor. A timing gear belt driven starter/alternator that is connected directly to the clean fuel engine, activating the clean fuel engine when the battery pack reaches loss at a maximum of 30% capacity remaining. Thereafter, a second D/C alternator and yet thereafter a third D/C alternator communicating with the clean fuel engine during periods when no electrical communication exists between the electric driver motor and battery packs. The D/C alternators maintain an electrical output to the battery packs until recharged.

Abstract: A refrigeration system can include an electrical generator coupled to a mechanical interface, the mechanical interface configured to transfer mechanical energy from a vehicle to the electrical generator, and a control module connected to the electrical generator via electrical wiring. The refrigeration system can also include an electrically-driven refrigeration unit coupled to the control module, and a battery coupled to the control module via electrical wiring. The control module can be adapted to provide electrical power to the refrigeration unit from the electrical generator or the battery and is further adapted to charge the battery with electrical energy not needed for operating the refrigeration unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods effective to reduce a drag coefficient in a vehicle are described. A system methods may receive first air directed towards an air intake structure at a first speed. The air intake structure may transform the first air into second air of a second speed. The system may direct the second air from the air intake structure to a tunnel structure. The tunnel structure may include an entrance and an exit, where a cross-sectional area of the entrance may be less than a cross-sectional area of the exit. The tunnel structure may expand the second air into expanded air. A third speed of the expanded air may be less than the second speed of the second air. The system may create a second drag coefficient, where the second drag coefficient may be less than the first drag coefficient.