Abstract: A battery protection apparatus including: a fuse element on a current path between a battery module and an external load to block the current path; and an ignition switch configured to receive an operating voltage from the battery module or a capacitor charged by the battery module, to ignite the fuse element.

Abstract: An object is to achieve overheat protection for a converter and stable voltage output thereof. This power supply device includes: a converter connected to power supply voltage and having a plurality of switching elements; a temperature detection circuit for detecting a temperature of the converter; an inverter which is connected between the converter and a load, and which converts output voltage of the converter and outputs resultant voltage to the load; and a control unit for controlling the switching elements of the converter. When the temperature detected by the temperature detection circuit has exceeded a first limitation value, the control unit controls the switching elements so that the output voltage of the converter becomes the power supply voltage at a set change rate.

Abstract: An electric powertrain includes a first electric motor that has an uninterrupted connection with a drive shaft of a vehicle. The electric powertrain further includes a second electric motor that has an interruptible connection with the drive shaft. In one form, this interruptible connection includes a clutch. The electric powertrain further includes a first gear train in the form of a first planetary gear and a second gear train in the form of a second planetary gear. The clutch in one variation includes a positive clutch in the form of a dog clutch. The dog clutch has a clutch suspension configured to deflect a clutch collar when gearing is misaligned during shifting.

Abstract: A method of virtualizing characteristics of an internal combustion engine vehicle in an electric vehicle, includes obtaining, by a controller, real-time vehicle driving information, determining, by the controller, tooth surface pressures of gears in the powertrain between a motor for driving a vehicle and driving wheels based on the obtained real-time vehicle driving information, generating, by the controller, a virtual effect signal for generating a virtual effect that simulates powertrain characteristics of an internal combustion engine vehicle based on the determined tooth surface pressures of the gears in the powertrain, and generating, by the controller, a virtual effect that simulates powertrain characteristics of an internal combustion engine vehicle by controlling an operation of a virtual effect generation device that generates a virtual effect according to the generated virtual effect signal.

Abstract: A method, by a control device, to activate an active discharge circuit to discharge a capacitive energy storage of at least one electrical consumer of an on-board power supply for a motor vehicle. An energy source for the on-board power supply can be coupled to the on-board power supply and be disconnected from the on-board power supply by a switching device. The control device receives a signal (S) for activating the active discharge circuit, examines, after receiving the signal (S), if the energy source is disconnected from the on-board power supply according to at least one first criterion, and activates the active discharge circuit only upon satisfaction of a condition that the energy source has been disconnected from the on-board power supply according to the at least one first criterion.

Abstract: A power converter includes a connection path electrically connecting a negative side of a first rechargeable battery, a positive side of a second rechargeable battery electrically connected in series with the first rechargeable battery, and a neutral point of windings of a rotating electric machine. The power converter further includes a control unit configured to perform switching control of an upper-arm switch and a lower-arm switch for each phase in order to transfer energy between the first and second rechargeable batteries by conducting current between the first and second rechargeable batteries via an inverter, the windings, and the connection path.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel cell assembly for an aircraft is provided. The method includes: receiving flight load predictor data for a scheduled flight of the aircraft prior to initiation of the scheduled flight of the aircraft; and reconfiguring the fuel cell assembly in response to the received flight load predictor data prior to the initiation of the scheduled flight of the aircraft, wherein reconfiguring the fuel cell assembly comprises adding or removing a fuel cell module to or from the fuel cell assembly to increase or decrease a power capacity of the fuel cell assembly.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supplying electrical power between two electric energy storage devices are disclosed. In one example, an electric isolation switch is held open after engine starting until a voltage of a first electric energy storage device and a voltage of a second electric energy storage device are within a threshold voltage of at least one predetermined voltage level.

Abstract: In a method for operating an electric vehicle, including an electrical drive device for driving the vehicle, a control device for controlling the driving of the vehicle, a first energy storage device for supplying the control device with a first DC voltage, a second energy storage device for supplying the drive device with a second DC voltage, and an energy supply unit providing an output DC voltage, the first energy storage device is connected to the energy supply unit via a converter device, the second energy storage device is connected to the energy supply unit, the converter device converts the output DC voltage into the first DC voltage, a first power flow from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device is prevented and a second power flow from the second energy storage device to the first energy storage device is prevented.

Abstract: A method for operating a drive train includes supplying a motor voltage to an electric motor by a converter for achieving a torque setpoint value, determining an angular velocity actual value and an angular acceleration actual value from values of the angular position of the rotor, determining the torque setpoint value from a moment of inertia and an angular acceleration setpoint value, which is determined as an actuation variable, determining the moment of inertia as the sum of the moment of inertia of the drive train without a load and the moment of inertia of the load, and determining the moment of inertia of the load from a torque actual value and from the angular acceleration actual value.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted apparatus includes: first and second voltage conversion circuits configured to convert voltages of electric powers supplied from first and second electric power supply circuits, to first and second predetermined voltages; first and second control circuits configured to be operated by the electric powers of the first and second predetermined voltages supplied from the first and second voltage conversion circuits, and to output first and second actuator command signals; first and second actuators configured to be actuated based on the first and second actuator command signals.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a motor of a vehicle system monitor operating conditions of the vehicle system and determine whether the operating conditions of the vehicle system match designated operating conditions. Responsive to determining that the operating conditions of the vehicle system that are monitored match the designated operating conditions, an electrical signature representative of an electric current supplied to the motor of the vehicle system is examined and damage to one or more of the motor of the vehicle system or a mechanical coupling of the motor to one or more of a wheel or axle of the vehicle system is identified based on the electrical signature that is examined.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided for detecting broken bar faults of an induction motor during operations.

Abstract: A motor control system for a commercial vehicle having an electric axle includes: first and second motors disposed in a rear-wheel electric axle; an accelerator position sensor for detecting a degree to which an accelerator is depressed; a wheel speed sensor detecting a wheel speed change; and a controller determining a driver's required torque on the basis of detection signals of the accelerator position sensor and the wheel speed sensor and then controlling a torque of the first motor in such a manner as to approach target torque for satisfying the driver's required torque and at the same time either controlling either a torque of the second motor to a level that compensates for a torque error of the first motor or controlling the torque of the first motor and the torque of the second motor at alternating fixed duty ratios.

Abstract: Method for monitoring the distribution of power in a hybrid propulsion system comprising one or more electrical sources delivering an AC voltage, each of which is associated with an AC-to-DC controlled rectifier and one or more batteries, wherein, the AC-to-DC controlled rectifier and the battery each being connected directly to an HVDC bus supplying one or more electrical loads with power, the monitoring of the distribution of power is performed through the individual AC-to-DC controlled rectifier by a feedback loop to a power setpoint (Pref) on the basis of a measured power of the battery (Pbat) and a feedback loop to a voltage setpoint (Vref) on the basis of a measured voltage of the HVDC bus (VHVDC), either one of these two feedback loops delivering an RMS current setpoint Idref and Iqref for a feedback loop on the basis of a current (Igen) of the electrical source delivering an AC voltage.

Abstract: Responsive to accelerator pedal release and a speed of a vehicle being less than a threshold in a presence of indication that available powertrain torque has been reduced for at least a predetermined period of time during an absence of brake pedal engagement, a controller operates friction brakes to bring the vehicle to a stop. Responsive to accelerator pedal release and the speed being less than the threshold in an absence of the indication that available powertrain torque has been reduced and brake pedal engagement, the controller operates an electric machine and not the friction brakes to bring the vehicle to a stop.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a string of power sources and step-down circuitry. The power sources are connected in series to provide a first voltage rail at a first voltage, and the string of power sources is divided into power-source segments. The step-down circuitry electrically is configured to provide a second voltage rail at a second, lesser voltage. The step-down circuitry includes control circuitry configured to monitor states of charge of the power-source segments, and control selection of one of the power-source segments to deliver an output from which the second voltage rail is provided, based on the states of charge. One or more first electronic components are electrically coupled to the first voltage rail, and designed to operate at the first voltage. And one or more second electronic components are electrically coupled to the second voltage rail, and designed to operate at the second voltage.

Abstract: An operating strategy optimized for dynamic requirements for 48V drive systems of MHEV.

Abstract: A vehicle controller for a vehicle including a drive source including an electric motor includes: a sense-of-beating producer configured to acquire a total required torque which is a required torque of the entire vehicle and configured to derive a total target torque corresponding to the total required torque as applied to a predetermined engine combustion cycle; and a target motor torque deriver configured to, based on the total target torque, derive a target motor torque for torque control of the electric motor. The vehicle controller controls the electric motor based on the target motor torque.

Abstract: A method for implementing virtual internal combustion engine vibration in an electric vehicle includes collecting operation variable information for determining a torque instruction and implementing the virtual internal combustion engine vibration, determining a virtual internal combustion engine vibration characteristic based on the collected operation variable information, determining a vibration torque instruction having the determined virtual internal combustion engine vibration characteristic, correcting the vibration torque instruction by correcting the determined virtual internal combustion engine vibration characteristic of the vibration torque instruction and/or a value of the vibration torque instruction, based on a basic motor torque instruction determined by the collected operation variable information and preset backlash occurring area information, determining a final motor torque instruction using the basic motor torque instruction and the corrected vibration torque instruction.

Abstract: A transfer (13) that changes a distribution ratio of torque to be transmitted to a wheel using an electric motor (43), is controlled by a TF-ECU (18). The TF-ECU (18) includes a driver circuit (200) that drives the electric motor (43), a current sensor (53) that detects an actual current of the electric motor (43), and a microcomputer (100) that calculates a target current (I*) corresponding to a desired distribution ratio of torque and performs current feedback control for calculating an operation amount (D) of the electric motor (43) so as to adjust an actual current (Ia) to the target current (I*), and then outputs to the driver circuit (200) a drive signal corresponding to the operation amount (D).

Abstract: Mowing systems include a remote control unit such as a handheld unit for use with a mower, between which is provided 1- or 2-way communications. Components and features are included in the mower, the remote control unit, or both to enhance the safety, functionality, or user experience of the system's user/operator. One aspect relates to a handheld unit having a logic-implemented safety interlock for a PTO switch and/or a speed switch to prevent such switches from becoming active simultaneously with an enablement command for the PTO unit and/or drive unit of the mower. Another aspect relates to incorporating an inclinometer and/or motion sensor such as an accelerometer into the handheld unit, and controlling operation of the mower based on outputs) from such sensor(s). Another aspect relates to providing a display or other visual indicator on the handheld unit, and displaying on the visual indicator an indication of a tilt angle of the mower.

Abstract: A hybrid drive includes a control unit, an internal combustion engine, an electrical machine and a dual clutch transmission having an output shaft. The dual clutch transmission includes a first sub-transmission and a second sub-transmission, each couplable to the output shaft. A drive shaft of the internal combustion engine is couplable to a first input shaft of the first sub-transmission via a first clutch and to a second input shaft of the second sub-transmission via a second clutch. The control unit is configured to permit the second clutch to be closed even when the hybrid drive is being operated purely electrically so that the driveshaft of the internal combustion engine is driven by the electrical machine. A control unit and a method for operation of a hybrid drive are also provided.

Abstract: A system and method uses field-oriented control (FOC) of a multi-phase motor to prevent thermal runaway of the thermal battery that powers the motor. An offset is applied to the flux command signal to ensure that the power level drawn from the thermal battery exceeds a minimum power level to avoid thermal runaway. This is done without any additional hardware, hence the reduced cost, inefficiencies and packaging volume of such hardware. In different modes, the offset is applied to prevent thermal runaway regardless of torque production, when the system is in failure and torque production is zero, for variable and intermittent periods when torque production is zero, and during normal operation to augment power drawn to produce torque.

Abstract: A method of detecting a connection fault of an electric motor, applies to a driving mechanism of an inverter, and includes: measuring a three-phase stator current of the electric motor; transforming the three-phase stator current to acquire dual-axis current components in a stationary coordinate; calculating an angle of rotation of the electric motor according to the dual-axis current components; calculating an angular velocity according to the angle of rotation; comparing a frequency of the angular velocity with a frequency of an output voltage of the inverter; and determining that the electric motor occurs a connection fault if a difference between the frequency of the angular velocity and the frequency of the output voltage is greater than a predetermined frequency difference value.

Abstract: A system includes a first bus, a second bus, a first battery that includes a first plurality of cells, and a second battery that includes a second plurality of cells, wherein the second battery is connected to the second bus. A first converter connects the high-voltage battery to the first bus. A second converter connects the first bus to the second bus. A controller is configured to control operation of the first converter and the second converter.

Abstract: An overrunable test vehicle including an electronically-controlled anti-slip braking system for reducing wheel slip during rapid deceleration comprising: a chassis, at least one electric motor connected to a first axle, a hydraulic braking system connected with the chassis and at least a second axle, a rotational speed sensor for determining a rotational speed of a connected axle, a ground speed sensor, and a controller connected with the electric motor, the hydraulic braking system, the rotational speed sensor, and the ground speed sensor. The controller is configured to calculate a difference between the rotational speed of the axle and the ground speed of the chassis to determine a slip threshold of the wheels, actuate the hydraulic brake system to apply a first stopping force, control at least one motor parameter of the electric motor to apply a second stopping force.

Abstract: An electric motor drive retrofit system (EMDRS) comprises a power system, an energy storage system (ESS), a cooling system, a vehicle control unit (VCU), and a user interface device (UID). A non-hybrid combustion engine drive vehicle with tight space constraints is retrofittable with the EMDRS to provide hybrid drive functionality. EMDRS includes a motor generator unit (MGU) coupled to a motor control unit that transfers charge between MGU and ESS. During retrofit, the MGU is coupled between a transmission and an internal combustion engine (ICE) of the vehicle without extending a powertrain length by more than five inches. VCU does not interfere with any pre-existing vehicle electronics. The VCU controls the EMDRS to add torque (discharging ESS) or to remove torque (charging the ESS) based on a selected operating mode and vehicle sensor information (for example, brake and throttle pressure). Operating modes are selected by driver via the UID.

Abstract: A circuit system and a circuit control method applied to a motor drive are disclosed. The circuit control method includes the steps of providing a phase-locked circuit unit and providing a PWM control unit. The phase-locked circuit unit enables a first carrier signal and a second carrier signal to have identical amplitudes and starting points. The PWM control unit compares the first carrier signal with a reference signal for controlling a switch. When a load current is independently supplied by at least one DC capacitor, a SVPWM control unit controls an inverter unit for the load current to be zero, thereby reducing DC voltage ripple, operation loss and transient voltage surge.

Abstract: A clutch is disengaged when a torque condition is satisfied at a predetermined time when a system is stopped as a fuel supply to an engine is stopped from a state where the engine is operating with the clutch being engaged. The torque condition is a condition under which torque acting on an output shaft of the engine is torque in a direction in which an engine speed of the engine is decreased and torque output to a rotary shaft of a motor is torque in a direction in which a motor speed of the motor is decreased.

Abstract: A system for controlling an operation of an induction motor (IM). A controller processor detects a spectrum of a current signal from received sensor data using a module. Obtain a number of rotor bars and a number of pole pairs of the IM to identify a principle slot harmonics (PSH) type IM from stored IM data. Use the PSH-type IM to identify a static eccentricity (SE) fault signature signal located at a secondary PSH frequency of the PSH-type IM. Determine a level of signal strength in the spectrum of the current signal at a location of the secondary PSH frequency, and compare to a SE fault table database to obtain a SE fault level of the PSH-type IM. Compare the SE fault level to a database to obtain a SE fault threshold, and if the SE fault level is outside the SE threshold, generate an interrupt command to the controller.

Abstract: A drive train for a vehicle includes a first electromagnetic device, a second electromagnetic device electrically coupled to the first electromagnetic device by an electrical power transmission system, and an engine coupled to the first electromagnetic device and configured to drive the first electromagnetic device to provide electrical energy. In all modes of operation where the engine drives the first electromagnetic device to provide the electrical energy, the first electromagnetic device operates without providing the electrical energy to an energy storage device.

Abstract: A power-source monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment includes an abnormality detecting unit, a measurement unit, and a recording unit. The abnormality detecting unit detects an abnormality in a power source. The power source supplies electric power to an autonomous driving apparatus of a vehicle. The measurement unit measures an elapsed time interval from a time point at which the abnormality detecting unit detects an abnormality in the power source. The recording unit records therein the elapsed time interval measured by the measurement unit.

Abstract: A system includes at least one load in a vehicle, a battery electrically connected to the load, a power source electrically connected to the load, and a computer communicatively connected to the power source. The computer is programmed to reduce a voltage supplied by the power source to the load so that the battery discharges to supply power to the load, and then, in response to an electrical quantity of the system being outside an electrical-quantity range while the battery is discharging, perform a minimal risk condition or prevent the vehicle from movably operating.

Abstract: A current sensor state determination device determines that an abnormality is caused in a current sensor when a sum of phase currents based on current detection values from each of the current sensors in three phases is greater than a first determination value, and determines that no abnormality is caused in the current sensor when the sum of phase currents is equal to or less than the first determination value. The state determination device determines that the current sensor is normal when it is determined that (i) no abnormality is caused in a preset electric angle range equal to or less than one electric-angle cycle of the rotating electric machine and (ii) a value of an electric current flowing in the rotating electric machine in a rotating coordinates system calculated based on the current detection value is equal to or greater than a second determination value.

Abstract: A hybrid drive transmission unit for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor for the drive part, includes a power-split transmission with sub-transmissions and a torsion-damping unit with a gyrating mass interconnected between the internal combustion engine and the power-split transmission. A clutch is interconnected between the internal combustion engine and the torsion-damping unit, by which the internal combustion engine can be activated, switching from the electromotive operating mode.

Abstract: A motor vehicle drive apparatus includes a device configured to connect an internal combustion engine to an electromechanical energy converter, and first and second drive trains. The second drivetrain is arranged parallel to the first drivetrain in relation to torque transmission between the electromechanical energy converter and the internal combustion engine. The first drivetrain has a one-way clutch which is set up in such a manner that torque is transmittable via the first drivetrain from the electromechanical energy converter to the internal combustion engine during starting of the internal combustion engine. The second drivetrain has a speed-sensitive clutch which in a first state is open until a first speed threshold is reached, so that in the first state no torque is transmittable with the second drivetrain from the internal combustion engine to the electromechanical energy converter. The speed-sensitive clutch is closed from the crossing of this first speed threshold.

Abstract: A transmission device and method for operating a transmission for a motor vehicle, which transmission device has an input shaft which is operatively connectable to a drive device of the motor vehicle, and has a first output shaft and a second output shaft, and has a spur gear differential transmission configured as a planetary transmission, whereby the input shaft and an intermediate shaft are coupled to the first output shaft and the second output shaft. An electric machine is coupled to the input shaft in a first shifting position of the shifting device and to the intermediate shaft in a second shifting position of the shifting device, and the electric machine is operated for applying a torque to the input shaft.

Abstract: A vehicle control system for an autonomous vehicle configured to charge a battery by an external power source during propulsion while preventing a deterioration of the battery. A controller detects a charging zone where the electric storage device can be charged by the external power source, and restricts at least any one of a charging of the electric storage device and a discharging of electricity from the electric storage device so as to limit a load factor of the electric storage device to be smaller than a predetermined limit value when the vehicle passes through the charging zone.

Abstract: A control system for controlling operation of an execution device is provided. The control system includes a master controller, a microprocessor, and a signal line. The master controller is configured to send a control signal to the microprocessor via the signal line. The microprocessor is configured to send the control signal to the execution device to drive the execution device to operate, acquire, at a time interval, a feedback signal representing an operation state of the execution device, and send the feedback signal to the signal line. The master controller is further configured to acquire the feedback signal from the signal line, determine, from the feedback signal, the operation state of the execution device, and regulate the control signal based on the operation state.

Abstract: A speed change control system that suppress a change in a vehicle behavior, and prevents a reduction in an energy efficiency. The speed change control system is applied to a vehicle comprising: a transmission; a wheel connected to the transmission; a motor in which torque or speed is changed by changing a speed ratio of the transmission; and an electric storage device connected to the motor. A controller is configured to select a first mode if an SOC level of an electric storage device is lower than a predetermined level, and select a second mode if the SOC level of the electric storage device is equal to or higher than the predetermined level.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle starts execution of temporary increase control that temporarily increases an allowable discharge power that is a maximum power dischargeable from a power storage device, on satisfaction of a predetermined start condition, and terminates execution of the temporary increase control on satisfaction of a predetermined termination condition. When a predetermined stop condition that is different from the predetermined termination condition is satisfied during execution of the temporary increase control, the hybrid vehicle terminates execution of the temporary increase control and prohibits subsequent execution of the temporary increase control until elapse of a first predetermined time. This configuration suppresses frequent repetition of a temporary increase of the allowable discharge power (output limit) of the power storage device such as a battery and its cancellation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for controlling a creep torque in an environmentally-friendly vehicle. The apparatus includes detectors that detect driving-related information of the vehicle and a controller that calculates rolling resistance based on the driving-related information and variably controls the creep torque in consideration of the calculated rolling resistance depending on whether the vehicle satisfies a creep cruise control operating condition.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for charging an onboard energy storage device in a hybrid vehicle depending on vehicle operating conditions. In one example, a method includes charging the onboard energy storage device through a dual clutch transmission via an electric machine positioned downstream of the dual clutch transmission, and controlling a driveline disconnect clutch positioned downstream of the electric machine. In this way, charging of the onboard energy storage device may be conducted under conditions where a speed of the vehicle is either above a predetermined threshold speed, or below the predetermined threshold speed.

Abstract: Under a condition that a command to stop a fuel cell system is received and a state of charge of a secondary battery is equal to or lower than a threshold which is a value obtained by adding a first predetermined value to a lower limit at which electric power required to stop and start the fuel cell system is supplied, forced charging of the secondary battery by a fuel cell is performed until the state of charge reaches the threshold. After the forced charging is performed, in a case where the command to stop the fuel cell system is received within a predetermined period, the controller sets the threshold to a value obtained by adding a second predetermined value lower than the first predetermined value to the lower limit under the condition.

Abstract: This brake device is provided with: a brake actuator which applies to a wheel a brake torque depending on the rotation of an electric motor; a booster circuit which boosts a reference voltage outputted from a battery; and a motor control unit which controls the electric motor. Depending on the state of the booster circuit, the motor control unit switches between a first drive process for driving the electric motor by supplying thereto a boost voltage, which is a voltage that has been boosted by the booster circuit, and a second drive process for driving the electric motor by supplying a reference voltage to the electric motor and by performing spark advance control.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for controlling a range extender (104) in an electric vehicle (100). The apparatus comprises means for receiving trip information, means for retrieving power usage information relating to a previous trip, the previous trip having trip information which is at least in part in common with the trip information; and means for activating the range extender (104) in dependence on said power usage information. The invention also extends to an associated method, computer product and system.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle may include: an electric traction motor; an inverter; a fuel cell system; a first boost converter including first low voltage terminals connected to a fuel cell and first high voltage terminals connected to the inverter, the first boost converter including a first capacitor connected between positive and negative terminals of the first high voltage terminals; a first relay connected between the first boost converter and the inverter; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to: shut down the fuel cell system; while a voltage of the fuel cell is higher than a voltage threshold, discharge the first capacitor and maintain a voltage thereof higher than the voltage of the fuel cell; and when the voltage of the fuel cell becomes lower than the voltage threshold, stop discharging the first capacitor and disconnect the first boost converter from the inverter by opening the first relay.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle including: an engine; a motor; a power storage device; and a control device configured to: i) automatically start and stop the engine; ii) execute, in a current trip, a power storage capacity decreasing control of controlling the engine and the motor such that a power storage capacity of the power storage device in a case where the hybrid vehicle is predicted to be parked at a predetermined point is lower than that in a case where the hybrid vehicle is predicted to not be parked at the predetermined point, and execute, in a next trip, a power storage capacity recovering control; and iii) limit execution of the power storage capacity decreasing control when the hybrid vehicle is predicted to be parked at the predetermined point is predicted and a stopping prohibiting condition for the engine is satisfied.

Abstract: A hybrid electric powertrain includes an electric machine delivering torque to an engine in an engine start event having initial cranking and transition phases. In response to a request for an engine start event, a controller commands delivery of the motor torque to the crankshaft. In the initial cranking phase the controller regulates crankshaft acceleration from zero speed up to a target cranking speed in a closed-loop manner via a predetermined fixed profile. In the transition phase, the crankshaft accelerates from the target cranking speed to a target idle speed using a feed-forward torque value blended, using a calibration table, from a predetermined engine drag torque to a reported engine torque. In the transition phase the controller periodically adjusts a speed trajectory of the crankshaft, with the magnitude and frequency of adjustment based on combustion of the engine and calibration of the feed-forward torque.