Abstract: A hub drive includes an in-hub motor and a shifting in-hub transmission coupled with the motor. A hub drive wheel assembly includes a wheel comprising a hub, an in-hub motor, and a shifting in-hub transmission having an input attached to the motor and an output attached to the wheel. A vehicle includes a chassis, a wheel comprising a hub, an in-hub motor, and a shifting in-hub transmission having an input attached to the motor and an output attached to the wheel for rotating the wheel with respect to the chassis. A method includes providing a shifting transmission and a motor coupled with the transmission in a hub of a wheel, providing electrical power to the motor, and rotating the motor with the electrical power. The method further includes rotating the transmission with the motor and rotating the wheel with the transmission.

Abstract: In a coaxial two-wheeled vehicle, an attitude controller (84) calculates motor torque Tgyr for maintaining a base so that it has a target angle from deviation between base angle command ?ref serving as attitude command and current base angle ?0 calculated by using a gyro sensor (13) and an acceleration sensor (14). On the other hand, at a position proportional controller (86R), a differentiator (88R) and a velocity proportional controller (89R), there is performed PD control with respect to deviation between rotation position command Prefr of a motor rotor (92R) for right wheel and current rotation position ?r of a motor rotor (92R). A current control amplifier (91R) generates motor current on the basis of added value of motor torque which is the control result and estimated load torque T1 calculated by using pressure sensors to drive the motor rotor (92R).

Abstract: In a fuel cell vehicle 10 of the invention, fuel cells 20 are integrally placed in a lower space 15 of a front seat 14, while a secondary battery 40 is integrally placed in a lower space 18 of a rear seat 17. The integral arrangements of the fuel cells 20 and the secondary battery 40 separately in the lower space 15 of the front seat 14 and in the lower space 18 of the rear seat 17 ensure high-performance operations of both the fuel cells 20 and the secondary battery 40 having different working environments. This arrangement also attains the effective use of the generally-dead, lower spaces 15 and 18 of the front and rear seats 14 and 17 to receive the fuel cells 20, the secondary battery 40, and their peripheral equipment.

Abstract: A dynamic priority based message transmitting apparatus includes a priority storing block for recording priorities in a communication network environment having multitude nodes and recording the lowest priority among the priorities, a communication bus monitoring block for monitoring a communication bus and transmitting its message when the communication bus is available, a message collision solving block for solving message collision by monitoring message transmission when messages are transmitted from the other nodes simultaneously, comparing its priority and those of the other nodes and, as the comparison result, transmitting its message if its priority is higher than those of the other nodes while not transmitting its message if otherwise, a message filtering block for executing filtering by judging whether or not its node has to process a certain message based on an identifier of the certain message, and a priority adjusting block for adjusting its priority according to a predefined rule.

Abstract: An electrical vehicle battery set circuitry is disclosed, comprising: multiple battery holders, connected in parallel inside the electrical vehicle, each has a positive and a negative power cords, where the positive power cords each connects with a diode, and all are combined into a bigger positive power cord, while the negative power cords are directly combined into a bigger negative power cord, for the conduction of the electric current to the control unit of the electrical vehicle; multiple battery sets, laid fixedly on the battery holders; by exploiting the rectifying property of the diode, the electrical vehicle is capable of being added or replaced various similar or dissimilar types of batteries, and able to settle the charging between batteries, which would accomplish the handiness in use and lengthen the life of battery set.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that limits the amount of rotating mass in a hybrid drive system that can use an internal combustion engine driving a motor/generator through an electronically controllable clutch. The engine can thus turn the generator to charge a battery. A second clutch can connect this motor/generator to a differential to directly drive the wheels, or to receive braking energy from the wheels. A second electric motor/generator can be coupled directly into the differential so that it can always drive the wheels or recapture braking energy. The two clutch system of the present invention allows several modes: 1) The internal combustion motor drives the generator charging the battery, while the other motor drives the wheels. 2) Both motors drive the wheels. The internal combustion engine can be running or not running. 3) One motor recaptures energy from braking. 4) Both motors recapture energy from braking. 5) The first motor is used to start the engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inverter circuit for a vehicle, which includes: a switching unit that includes a plurality of switching elements and switches a direct current into an alternating current; and a variable clamping unit that clamps an overshoot in case the overshoot is generated, and stops the operation of the switching unit in case a system voltage is greater than a clamping breakdown voltage. The circuit enables a voltage (DC input voltage) greater than a breakdown voltage of clamping unit to be used as a system voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle control system is comprised of a controller which is arranged to select an optimal mode adapted to a driving point of a vehicle from an optimal mode map of defining a plurality of running modes of the vehicle, to detect a generation of a mode transition in the optimal mode map, and to hold a current running mode selected before the transition for a holding time period when the generation of the mode transition is detected.

Abstract: An electric motor (10) has a field pole formed by a field current passing through a field winding (50). A voltage booting converter (120) converts output voltage of a battery (B) and outputs the voltage between a power source line (107) and a grounding line (105). Field winding (50) is electrically connected onto an electric current channel between battery (B) and power source line (107) and formed so that voltage switched by a switching element (Q1) is applied to both ends. A controller (100) controls the field current so as to adjust density of magnetic flux between a rotor and a stator by performing switching control on switching element (Q1) and a switching element (Q3) connected in parallel to field winding (50) and converts the output voltage of battery (B) into voltage in accordance with a voltage command value.

Abstract: A first shielding box is disposed so that its first surface can be opposite to an electric power feeding unit. The first surface has an opening and remaining five surfaces thereof reflect, during reception of electric power from the electric power feeding unit, a resonant electromagnetic field (near field) generated in the surroundings of the electric power receiving unit. The electric power receiving unit is provided in the first shielding box to receive the electric power from the electric power feeding unit via the opening (first surface) of the first shielding box. A second shielding box has a similar configuration, i.e., has a second surface with an opening and remaining five surfaces thereof reflect the resonant electromagnetic field (near field) generated in the surroundings of the electric power feeding unit.

Abstract: A target power value determining unit (200) determines target power values Pc1* and Pc2* such that a sum ?Pc* of target load powers as a sum of target load power Pc1* and target load power Pc2* does not exceed a sum ?Win of allowable charging powers and a sum ?Wout of allowable discharging powers. In accordance with the generated target load power values Pc1* and Pc2*, switching commands PWM1 and PWM2 are generated. Consequently, an inverter executes a power conversion operation such that the powers exchanged between a main line ML and motor generators attain to the target load power values Pc1* and Pc2*, respectively.

Abstract: A method for regulating an electromechanically power-splitting hybrid drive system of a motor vehicle, having an internal combustion engine and two electric motors that are coupled by way of a transmission, as well as an electromechanically power-splitting hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A motor unit and a vehicle equipped with the unit according to the invention includes a control unit that selects a switching frequency, that is, a carrier frequency, in accordance with a rotation speed of the motor and a torque required from a motor. When an inverter temperature becomes high, the control unit limits the torque of the motor to suppress further increase in the inverter temperature. A limit value used in restricted operation is determined in accordance with the temperature and the carrier frequency of the inverter.

Abstract: A system for storing and recovering energy associated with a machine having ground engaging tracks is disclosed. The system includes a power source configured to supply mechanical energy for operation of the machine, and an electric generator operably coupled to the power source. The electric generator is configured to convert at least a portion of the mechanical energy into electric energy. The system further includes an electric motor operably coupled to the electric generator. The electric motor is configured to supply power to the ground engaging tracks. The system includes an energy storage device configured to store energy associated with the machine, and a controller configured to divert a portion of the energy supplied by the power source to the energy storage device while the machine travels in a first direction, and recover energy stored in the energy storage device for use while the machine travels in a second direction.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine coupled to a combined starter/motor/generator which is, in turn, coupled to a transmission of the vehicle. The starter/motor/generator is coupled to a high voltage battery pack via an inverter and to a deployable power output panel for serving loads external to the vehicle. Whenever external loads are to be powered, a control unit automatically places the vehicle in PARK, or alternatively activates an electrical parking brake system to hold the vehicle stationary.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus includes a liquid path in which cooling water flows, and in which the cooling water performs cooling at a cooling part located directly underneath the power circuit part of the inverter apparatus. The liquid path includes a first partial structure part formed between a feed pipe and the cooling part, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually reduced in the short-side direction of the cooling part and that is gradually enlarged in the long-side direction thereof; and a second partial structure part formed between the cooling part and a drain pipe, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually enlarged from the short-side of the cooling part and that is gradually reduced from the long-side thereof.

Abstract: A shift position of an electric powered vehicle is selected by operating a shift lever and a P position switch. A power source position is selected by operating a power switch. When any of switching elements forming an inverter device is short-circuited, selection of the shift position and the power source position is controlled such that simultaneous selection of a power source position at which inverter control is turned off and a shift position at which a parking lock mechanism is inactivated can be avoided. Therefore, inverter control for reducing short-circuit current caused by back electromotive force derived from rotation of a motor generator after occurrence of short-circuit failure can reliably be executed.

Abstract: Electric vehicle charging methods, battery charging methods, electric vehicle charging systems, energy device control apparatuses, and electric vehicles are described. In one arrangement, an electric vehicle charging method includes receiving information regarding charging of an electric vehicle with energy from an electric power grid, determining an amount of energy stored by an energy storage device coupled to the electric power grid, and controlling a transfer of the energy stored by the energy storage device to the electric power grid using the information regarding the charging of the electric vehicle. Other arrangements are described.

Abstract: A kit and method for reconfiguring an electrical braking system for a traction vehicle are provided. The kit may include a braking system assembly including a chopper having a first chopper circuit topology. The first chopper circuit topology includes a first semiconductor-based circuitry having a footprint that defines at least one cavity in an enclosure for accommodating the first semiconductor-based circuitry. This enclosure constitutes the enclosure for accommodating the semiconductor-based circuitry in the chopper having electromechanical-based circuitry and semiconductor based circuitry. A second semiconductor-based circuitry is arranged in the at least one cavity in the enclosure for accommodating the first semiconductor-based circuitry. The second semiconductor-based circuitry when electrically coupled to the first semiconductor-based circuitry produces a chopper comprising a second chopper circuit topology fully contained in the enclosure.

Abstract: Telematic method and apparatus adaptively uses fuel cell power source in vehicle with integrated power system, electrical system, telematic system, and body/powertrain system. Telematic communications systems including internet, digital video broadcast entertainment, digital audio broadcast, digital multimedia broadcast, global positioning system navigation, safety services, intelligent transportation systems, and/or universal mobile telecommunications system. Network-accessible software enables integrated modular function for automated control and provision of fuel cell resources for telematic appliance and/or other vehicle electro-mechanical devices.

Abstract: A controller is provided for a permanent magnet field motor including two rotors concentrically provided around a rotating shaft and a phase changing device for changing an angle of relative displacement in a circumferential direction between two rotors to serve as a power source for driving driven wheels of an all-wheel drive vehicle having two main driving wheels and at least two driven wheels, the controller including a drive control portion to control driving of the motor according to a drive mode of the all-wheel drive vehicle; and a phase instruction portion to issue an instruction, when the drive mode of the all-wheel drive vehicle is a main-driving-wheel drive mode, to set the angle of relative displacement at an angle at which a magnetic flux generated at each of the two rotors is weakened, as compared with that generated at each of the two rotors in an all-wheel drive mode.

Abstract: A voltage estimation system for motor control feedback is described. The system may include one or more control modules which may generate voltage commands. An overmodulation or “clipping” module receiving a voltage command can generate a clipped voltage. Rather than measuring directly, a voltage estimator may estimate the clipped voltage based on the duty cycle command to the inverter. This estimated voltage may then be used by a flux estimator to estimate a flux value. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A robotic vehicle including a chassis having front and rear ends, an electric power source supported by the chassis, and multiple drive assemblies supporting the chassis. Each drive assembly including a track trained about a corresponding drive wheel and a drive control module. The drive control module including a drive control housing, a drive motor carried by the drive control housing and operable to drive the track, and a drive motor controller in communication with the drive motor. The drive motor controller including a signal processor and an amplifier commutator in communication with the drive motor and the signal processor and is capable of delivering both amplified and reduced power to the drive motor from the power source. In one instance, the drive control module is separately and independently removable from a receptacle of the chassis as a complete unit.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission includes two electric motor modules and a plurality of planetary gear sets operatively connectable to the motor modules and to an engine. The motor modules each include integral wire connections such that as the motor modules are physically inserted into the hybrid transmission during assembly, the electrical connections may be easily established.

Abstract: Telematic method and apparatus adaptively uses fuel cell power source in vehicle with integrated power system, electrical system, telematic system, and body/powertrain system. Telematic communications systems including internet, digital video broadcast entertainment, digital audio broadcast, digital multimedia broadcast, global positioning system navigation, safety services, intelligent transportation systems, and/or universal mobile telecommunications system. Network-accessible software enables integrated modular function for automated control and provision of fuel cell resources for telematic appliance and/or other vehicle electro-mechanical devices.

Abstract: A crawler type power shovel vehicle (1) driven by a hydraulic actuator (20).

Abstract: A method for detecting speed faults in a hybrid powertrain having engine and electric machine speed inputs includes directly sensing the engine and machine speeds and performing comparisons of sensed engine speed with engine speed determined based upon the machine speeds.

Abstract: An automatic traction control system is provided for an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle. The automatic traction control system may be used with vehicles using two separately excited motors where the armatures of the motors are connected in series to provide differential control. The automatic traction control system monitors and compares the voltages across the armatures of the two motors. If the voltage differential exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that one of the wheels is spinning and current is diverted from the motor driving the spinning wheel to the motor driving the non-spinning wheel.

Abstract: A hybrid golf car type vehicle powered by a gasoline engine or an electric motor in the forward direction and by the electric motor in the reverse direction with the gasoline engine charging the batteries when the batteries fall below a threshold charge either with a motor generator or an alternator.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an electrical supply network are disclosed. An exemplary embodiment couples a vehicle to the supply network, receives a trigger to cause a partial discharge of an electrical energy storage device of the vehicle into electric power network, and discharges electrical energy into the electric power network from the vehicle in response to receiving the trigger.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a hybrid vehicle powertrain, including recording a starting and ending point of a desired route, determining an optimally fuel efficient route, and executing a powertrain control strategy based on the route. Real-time traffic data and topographical data are continuously evaluated, and the route and powertrain control strategy are updated based on the data. A hybrid vehicle is also provided having an engine, a motor/generator, a battery, and a navigation system for receiving a route starting point and ending point. A powertrain control module (PCM) detects the battery charge and determines a powertrain strategy along an optimally fuel efficient route based on the detected charge level when the points are selected, and sustains the charge level in the absence of user-selected route points. Sensors receive real-time traffic data, and the navigation system includes topographical data for determining the optimally fuel efficient route.

Abstract: An electric system has a fuel cell and an electric storage device which are connected in parallel to each other with respect to a propulsive motor, and a DC-to-DC converter connected closer to the electric storage device than a junction where the fuel cell and the electric storage device are connected in parallel to each other. An electric power control system includes a power supply controller having a failure detector for detecting a failure of the DC-to-DC converter. When the failure detector detects a failure of the DC-to-DC converter, the response of electric power output from the fuel cell is limited.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle controller that is mounted in a box-shaped manner beneath the floor or on the roof of a vehicle so as to supply electric power to vehicle apparatuses. The vehicle controller is configured with a plurality of functional modules 4; each of the functional modules 4 has at one side thereof an interface side 22 in which a first interface region 5 where signal-line terminals are arranged and a second interface region where power-line terminals are arranged are separated; in each of the interface sides 22, the first interface region 5 is disposed at one and the same end and the second interface region 6 is disposed at the other and the same end.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine, a traction motor, a starter motor, and a battery bank, all controlled by a microprocessor in accordance with the vehicle's instantaneous torque demands so that the engine is run only under conditions of high efficiency, typically only when the load is at least equal to 30% of the engine's maximum torque output. In some embodiments, a turbocharger may be provided, activated only when the load exceeds the engine's maximum torque output for an extended period; a two-speed transmission may further be provided, to further broaden the vehicle's load range. A hybrid brake system provides regenerative braking, with mechanical braking available in the event the battery bank is fully charged, in emergencies, or at rest; a control mechanism is provided to control the brake system to provide linear brake feel under varying circumstances.

Abstract: Hybrid powertrains and methods of operating the hybrid powertrains are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes determining whether a temperature of a battery pack in a battery pack module is above or below a first threshold, and providing a command to an electrically variable transmission module to select either a first mode or a second mode in which to operate, when the determination is made that the temperature of the battery pack is below the first threshold.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a method is provided for limiting an operational temperature of a motor. The method includes generating a maximum allowable current I*S(max) for a motor based on a temperature difference between a temperature reference T* of a power inverter module and a semiconductor device temperature T of the power inverter module. The method further includes generating a maximum allowable torque T*e(max) based on the maximum allowable current I*S(max) and a maximum allowable flux ?*S(max), and using the maximum allowable torque T*e(max) to limit the torque command T*e in order to suppress the semiconductor device temperature T to below the temperature reference T*.

Abstract: A converter ECU (2) obtains allowable power total value including at least one of discharge allowable power total value ?Wout of discharge allowable power Wout1, Wout2 and charge allowable power total value ?Win of charge allowable power Win1, Win2. Then, the converter ECU (2) determines which of the allowable power total value and an actual power value is greater, If the actual power value is smaller than the allowable power total value, the converter ECU (2) controls a converter (8-1) such that an input/output voltage value Vh attains a prescribed target voltage value, and at the same time controls a converter (8-2) such that a battery current value Ib2 attains a prescribed target current value.

Abstract: Electronic control systems and related control methods for controlling electric drive motors for propelling a vehicle and electric auxiliary motors for performing work, such as electric deck motors for mower blades. The apparatus is shown in use with a vehicle that includes a mowing deck. Features of the control systems allow for safe and efficient use of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for coordinating transfer of electricity between parked mobile machines is disclosed. Each parked mobile machine may include a propulsion system operable to propel the mobile machine, and one or more of the mobile machines may have an electricity-generation system. The system may include one or more information-processing devices that automatically coordinate one or more aspects of the transfer of electricity between a plurality of the parked mobile machines. The one or more information-processing devices may coordinate one or more aspects of the transfer of electricity between the plurality of parked mobile machines by receiving information relating to one or more of the parked mobile machines and automatically determining which of the parked mobile machines will supply electricity to one or more of the other parked mobile machines based at least in part on the received information.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter includes a reactor, IGBT devices, a dead time generation unit, and a DC-CPU. The dead time generation unit operates in response to a reference signal for a duty ratio, to output first and second activation signals provided with an inactive period corresponding to a dead time preventing both of the IGBT devices from conducting. The DC-CPU corrects a tentative duty ratio calculated as based on a voltage control value, in accordance with a value of a current flowing through the reactor, to output the reference signal. Preferably the DC-CPU associates the value of the current of the reactor with three states and when the value approaches a value at which a state transitions to a different state, the DC-CPU gradually switches a correction value.

Abstract: A propulsion system includes a first torque producing arrangement including an electric machine configured to a first energy source supplying electrical energy to the electric machine. The system also includes a second torque producing arrangement having an engine connected to a second energy source configured to supply gaseous fuel to the engine. The system has a hydrogen production system having an electrolyzer, a water source, a hydrogen dispensing and loading system, and a connection to an electricity grid. Hydrogen is loaded to the second energy source when the electrolyzer is electrolyzing the water. The engine further connects to a third energy source configured to supply a non-hydrogen fuel to the engine. The system has a controller electrically connected to the motor and the engine capable of selecting the propulsion component and the fuel source.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle propulsion system is disclosed comprising an engine having at least one combustion cylinder configured to operate in a first and a second combustion mode, wherein the first combustion mode is a spark ignition mode and the second combustion mode is a compression ignition mode, wherein the engine is configured to supply an engine output; a motor configured to selectively supply or absorb a secondary output; an energy storage device configured to selectively store at least a portion of the engine output and selectively supply energy to the vehicle; a lean NOx trap configured to store NOx produced by the engine; and a controller configured to control at least the engine, the motor, and the energy storage device, wherein the controller is configured to selectively operate said at least one combustion cylinder in one of the spark ignition mode and the compression ignition mode based on a condition of the lean NOx trap.

Abstract: A power converter assembly is provided. The power converter assembly includes first, second, and third power modules. The second power module is coupled to the first power module such that the second power module is separated from the first power module by a first distance. The third power module is coupled to the first and second power modules such that the third power module is separated from the second power module by a second distance and is separated from the first power module by a third distance. The first, second, and third distances are substantially the same.

Abstract: A power system is provided having at least one traction device and a primary power source configured to power the at least one traction device. In addition, the power system includes an auxiliary power source also configured to power the at least one traction device.

Abstract: When surplus power not charged to an electric storage is generated at the time of regenerative braking of a vehicle, a voltage is generated across first and second neutral points using a zero-voltage vector each of first and second inverters and the generated surplus power is consumed by a resistance connected across the first and second neutral points. The voltage generated across the first and second neutral points is calculated in accordance with the surplus voltage, using a resistance value of the resistance.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle, in which the method allows feedback about imminent risks. In this context, the vehicle moves on a predefined route at a current traveling velocity. A value characteristic of the vehicle movement along the predefined route is precalculated as a function of the current traveling velocity and the predefined route. A vehicle function is activated as a function of this value.

Abstract: A differential for a vehicle having a suspension includes a first axle shaft, and a second axle shaft. The first axle shaft and the second axle shaft are disposed along a first axis of rotation. A first electric motor is disposed along a second axis of rotation. The second axis of rotation is spaced from the first axis of rotation. A housing is configured to support the first and second axle shafts. The shafts are disposed in a transverse manner through the housing. The first electric motor is also disposed in a transverse manner through the housing. The housing is configured to support the first electric motor as sprung weight, and in a location below the vehicle.

Abstract: An electrical system to provide a continuous source of energy AC/DC within a vehicle. This system charges the batteries thus exerting a natural braking effect on the motor at those times when it is desired to slow the forward motion of the vehicle such as when going down hill or needing to come to a stop. Due to the batteries being thus intermittently charged, somewhat smaller batteries may be used than are used in the prior art, and the recharging interval can be lengthened. The system is environmentally friendly, with zero emissions and is economical to operate. In addition, the vehicle is quiet and gives a smooth ride.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine, a traction motor, a starter motor, and a battery bank, all controlled by a microprocessor in accordance with the vehicle's instantaneous torque demands so that the engine is run only under conditions of high efficiency, typically only when the load is at least equal to 30% of the engine's maximum torque output. In some embodiments, a turbocharger may be provided, activated only when the load exceeds the engine's maximum torque output for an extended period; a two-speed transmission may further be provided, to further broaden the vehicle's load range. A hybrid brake system provides regenerative braking, with mechanical braking available in the event the battery bank is fully charged, in emergencies, or at rest; a control mechanism is provided to control the brake system to provide linear brake feel under varying circumstances.

Abstract: A torque transfer case for a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain is disclosed. The transfer case receives torque from a power transmission mechanism and distributes driving torque to a primary traction wheel and axle assembly and to a secondary traction wheel and axle assembly wherein an electric motor power boost for each traction wheel and axle assembly is available as well as a regenerative braking power recover from either or both.