Abstract: For the distribution of lubricating oil, a duct is arranged in the crankcase 13 of a piston-operated internal-combustion engine and extends through several transverse walls 11, 12. The sections of the duct between two transverse walls 11, 12 are composed of an insert pipe 23 and of a socket pipe 24 which are constructed to be axially slidable and clampable with respect to one another. The free ends of the insert pipe 23 and of the socket pipe 24, in a sealed manner, extend in the bored transverse-wall passages 14, 15 of the duct. The arrangement results in a simplified tooling of the crankcase 13 in the area of the duct.

Abstract: An overhead camshaft structure for a double overhead camshaft engine having at least three in-line cylinders and two camshafts which are formed with series of pairs of cam lobes and series of camshaft journals, respectively, and are operatively connected with each other by helical gears comprises a thrust collar formed on each camshaft, a thrust bearing formed with a thrust restrictive groove consisting of an upper half and a lower half, narrower than the upper half, for receiving therein the thrust collar, and an oil passage consisting of a radial passage portion penetrating through the thrust collar and an axial passage portion formed in each camshaft for allowing oil to pass up to each cam lobe and camshaft journal for lubrication. The radial passage is directed in parallel with a straight line connecting an axial centerline of rotation of each said camshaft and a juncture of a valve opening ramp of said cam lobe adjacent to said thrust collar.

Abstract: To allow engine lubricant to quickly and smoothly flow downward along the inner wall surfaces of the chain casing formed in front of an engine having at least one camshaft, an idler sprocket, and first and second chains, the chain casing is composed of a head side chain casing fixed to a front end of the cylinder head, a rocker cover fixed to top ends of the cylinder head and the head side chain casing, and a block side chain casing fixed to a front end of the cylinder block in such a way that lubricant can flow downward on the basis of gravity along the inner wall surfaces of the chain casing.

Abstract: A lubricating system has a main oil gallery provided for supplying pressurized oil, a first gallery connected with the main gallery for supplying first lubricating oil to the hydraulic valve-lash adjusters. A relief valve is provided for keeping pressure of the first lubricating oil constant. A second gallery is provided for supplying second lubricating oil to journals of the camshafts, and nozzles are provided for lubricating a camshaft and rocker arm for a valve disposed in an upper position than another valve.

Abstract: An oil cooler for small internal combustion engines is provided. The oil cooler comprises a heat exchanger mounted on the external surface of the engine crankcase, directly below the flywheel. The heat exchanger has an inner serpentine passageway in flow communication with the lubrication path of the engine oil. The heat exchanger further has a plurality of external fins, said fins being positioned directly below the flywheel. The flywheel includes a plurality of inlet apertures for drawing in cooling air to be blown over the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An oil pump of an internal-combustion engine supplies dirty oil through a vertically extending oil feeding duct into a ring duct of an oil filter flange. From there, the oil flows through the oil filter and a central bore into a main oil duct. Since the oil feeding duct leads into the ring duct above the central bore, and the main oil duct extends above the central bore, the filter oil level, will not fall under the level of the dirty-oil inlet into the ring duct when the engine is switched off. A complete emptying of the oil filter is therefore prevented when the engine is switched off, and a fast oil pressure buildup is promoted when the engine is started again.

Abstract: A valve operating system for an automotive internal combustion engine. The valve operating system is comprised of a plurality of bearing sections formed in a cylinder head of the engine and adapted to rotatably support a camshaft formed with a plurality of bearing journal sections. Each bearing section has a generally cylindrical bearing surface defining a bore in which each camshaft bearing journal section is disposed. The peripheral surface of the camshaft bearing journal section is slidably contactable with the bearing section bearing surface. In a cross-section to which the axis of the bore is perpendicular, the bearing surface has a first diametrical distance in which reaction of a valve spring for an intake or exhaust valve is applied, and a second diametrical distance perpendicular to the above-mentioned direction.

Abstract: An oil reservoir structure for an engine having an oil reservoir chamber attached to the lower end of the cylinder block of the engine. A volume body having a predetermined volume is located in the space defined between the crankshaft of the engine and the normal oil level in the oil reservoir chamber. The volume body becomes submerged upon tilting of the oil level, such as in vehicle turning, acceleration, deceleration or on inclines, to displace a volume of oil to raise the oil level and maintain the oil level above the oil strainer inlet leading to the oil pump. The volume body may be fixedly mounted or disposed on the oil level and vertically movable in response to a change in the oil level.

Abstract: A constant level oiler is provided which is ventilated in such a manner so as to eliminate the need for a large surge chamber. Such an oiler has an advantage in that the problems associated with the fluid surge resulting when the lubricated machine is shut down are eliminated. Furthermore, since a large surge chamber is unnecessary in the present device, the attendant costs associated therewith are also eliminated.

Abstract: A top cover for oilers having an aperture centrally located about a disc-shaped body through which a lubricating fluid may be dispensed into the reservoir of the oiler is provided. Such a cover has an advantage in that a larger filling aperture is thus attained thereby providing for more efficient filling of the oiler reservoir and is further attained at no cost as a by-product of other necessary machining.

Abstract: A marine stern drive unit (1) includes an assemblage of a propeller-carrying drive shaft housing (10), a bell housing (9) and gimbal housing (8). Mating flow-through passages (21, 23) are disposed in the drive shaft housing and bell housing, and a dual control valve system (30, 31) joins the passages at their juncture. The valve system is arranged to be open when the two housings are assembled, but closes automatically when the housings are disassembled to retain lubricant in the separate housing assembles when the latter are separated for servicing. The valve system includes a valve (31) in one of the passages (23) which is constructed to be snapped together and to be held firmly within the passage, but manually and quickly releasable therefrom when desired. The fluid passage (23, 26) in the bell housing communicates to the gimbal housing which has a sealed fitting (60) and a lubricant carrying portion (65) passing through the usual gimbal mounting hole (14) of the boat transom (2).

Abstract: A secondary oil system for a flight propulsion gas turbine engine having a vertical flight mode and a horizontal flight mode.

Abstract: An oil flow restrictor system (100) is provided for increasing the oil pressure to the main bearings of a V-block engine internal combustion engine (10) while simultaneously restricting the flow of oil independently to the left lifter oil gallery (18) and the right lifter oil gallery (16), both of which supply oil to the upper portions of their respective sides of engine (10). Oil restrictor system (100) includes a tubular body (110) having an inlet chamber (140). Oil flow is provided from inlet chamber (140) to axial outlet (154) through oil restricting orifice (130). Simultaneously oil flow is provided to the transverse outlet, provided by annular slot (116) through transverse flow restricting orifice (119), formed in annular wall (111) of tubular body )110). Each of the orifices (119 and 130) may have substantially equal cross-sectional flow areas so as to equally restrict oil flow to the left and right upper portions of engine (10).

Abstract: A separate lubricating system for a two-stroke-cycle outboard engine comprises a sealed oil tank disposed above the engine for storing therein a lubricating oil used in the separate lubricating system. Compressed air from a crankcase of the engine passes through a check valve attached to the crankcase and is introduced into the oil tank by a pipeline. The separate lubricating system is also provided with a plunger pump for forcibly delivering oil supplied from the oil tank under the compressive force of the compressed air to lubricated parts of the engine. The separate lubricating system of the engine can correctly meter the quantity of the lubricating oil even when air is charged into and trapped in the plunger pump.

Abstract: An engine construction which comprises a cylinder block having a series of bearing seats formed therein for the support of a crankshaft, a lower block having bearing caps formed integrally therewith and adapted to be secured from below to the cylinder block with the bearing caps aligned with the corresponding bearing seats for the support of the crankshaft, a balancer shaft, a drive transmitting unit for transmitting the drive of the crankshaft to the balancer shaft, and an oil pan adapted to be removably fitted from below to the lower block and positioned on one side of the lower block opposite to the cylinder block. A surface region of the cylinder block and a mating surface region of the lower block which is brought into contact with the surface region of the cylinder block when the cylinder block and the lower block are connected together are formed with respective pluralities of bearing recesses for the support of the balancer shaft.

Abstract: An oil pump organization for an internal combustion engine is described in which the pump rotor is operatively connected to a transmission gear shaft in order to eliminate the need for a pump drive shaft and to thereby reduce engine space requirements.

Abstract: A wrist pin lubricating system for a multi-cylinder two-cycle engine comprises a passage system for collecting and distributing crankcase condensate to the piston wrist pin bearings. A slot in each piston skirt provides continuous communication between each wrist pin bearing and a passage in the cylinder wall delivering condensate from the engine crankcases. The condensate is collected at the low point of each crankcase and is pumped to the wrist pin bearings by the pressure differential between two crankcases. Check valves are provided in the passages to maintain a directional flow of the condensate.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system (200) having an outboard two cycle internal combustion engine (212) has a modified oil-fuel mixer (2, 602) preventing excess oil in the mixture as fuel runs out. The modified mixer includes an auxiliary chamber (602) having a fuel inlet (604) receiving fuel from the working chamber (22) of the mixer below a given level, a vapor inlet (606) receiving fuel vapor or air from the working chamber above the given level, and a vapor outlet (608) exhausting the vapor. When the fuel tank (5) runs dry, air is drawn through a transfer passage (38) in the mixer to one side of the moveable diaphragm (24), and fuel pump (11) suction is applied to both sides of the diaphragm to halt movement thereof and stop further pumping of oil from the oil tank (7) to the engine. The invention also enchances accuracy of the oil-fuel mixture ration during normal operation.

Abstract: A rolling bearing assembly for mounting a shaft or similar member which has a housing encircling the shaft with at least one rolling bearing installed between two securing rings. The assembly consists of an outer and an inner race and at least one row of rolling elements. It has annular chambers in the housing on either side of the bearing, closed off on their outer edges by annular seals which are attached to the housing and in contact with the bearing shaft. It has at least one hole opening into one of the annular chambers throught the wall of the housing, capable of being placed in communication on the outside with a feeding device for introducing a lubricant into the housing. There are two channels (17, 17') extending through the wall of the housing (1) and located diametrally opposed to each other, each opening into the closed annular chamber (8), and in that a trough-like receptacle (18) is accommodated in said channels, in which an excess of lubricant can be collected.

Abstract: Wear is minimized in a reciprocating internal combustion engine operated by fuel with abrasive particles, such as coal based fuel. A flexible diaphragm is used to equalize pressure in a ring pack area having lubricating film with the combustion chamber pressure. This equalization of pressure minimizes the pressure differential which might occur across an oil scraper ring separating the combustion chamber from the ring pack area. This minimizing of the pressure differential prevents or minimizes the passage of abrasive particles behind the oil scraper ring. A second ring, further from the combustion chamber end of the piston than is the oil scraper ring, serves as a high pressure sealing ring and separates the ring pack area from an oil blowby chamber. The second ring provides a predetermined amount of blowby from the ring pack area into the blowby chamber, which is also bounded by a third ring.

Abstract: A cover is secured to a crankcase of an engine to form a part of the crankcase. The crankshaft is supported by bearings provided in the cover and the crankcase. An oil passage is provided in the crankcase and cover and extending from an opening at a bottom of the crankcase to an inlet of an oil pump. Further, oil passages are provided in the cover and crankshaft extending from an outlet of oil pump to openings which open to the bearings for the crankshaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to the arrangement of a balancing device in a casing, for a reciprocating piston engine, which permits the evacuation of the lubricating oil. The device comprises two balancing shafts (7, 8) disposed in a main part (19) of the casing (11) and each fastened to one or two intermeshing pinions (21, 22) situated in an auxiliary part of the casing. A bottom oil passage (25a) provided between the two parts of the casing enables the pinions, acting as a draining pump, to fully drain the casing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an automatically forced fluid supply system for lubricating a crankpin in an internal combustion engine of the type wherein lubricant is suspended in a gaseous medium within the engine, the automatically forced fluid supply system comprising a crankpin including an end, an exterior bearing surface, and an interior passageway extending from the end and opening through the bearing surface, and a scoop, adjacent the crankpin end and communicating with the passageway, for intercepting lubricant in response to movement of the crankpin through the gaseous medium having therein the suspended lubricant and for conveying the intercepted lubricant to the interior passageway for distribution onto the bearing surface.

Abstract: A splash lubricating device for a horizontal or inclined engine comprises an oil-spoon which is fixed to the connecting-rod of an engine having a cylinder installed on a crank case thereof horizontally or obliquely protrusively therefrom and which is provided with an oil-splash portion formed by bending laterally the lower end portion of the oil-spoon. And the oil-splash portion is turned forward by the connecting-rod along an elliptical orbit inclined forward and downward. The posture of the oil-splash portion is settled nearly parallel with an inrush angle thereof relative to the oil near an oil upper limit level in an oil pan in order to lessen the resistance put thereupon and also inclined forward and downward at a smaller angle than an outrush angle thereof relative to the oil near an oil lower limit level in order to attain good lubricating performance as well as lessen the resistance put thereupon.

Abstract: A crankshaft support for a multicylinder internal combustion engine employing a plurality of bearing caps fitted in recesses in journal walls in the cylinder block and connected by pairs of bolts extending vertically through each bearing cap into the journal wall. An additional pair of bolts extend horizontally from each side of the cylinder block to connect the skirt portions to the bearing caps. A bridge extends the length the engine over the bearing caps and is connected thereto by another pair of vertical bolts.

Abstract: An engine balance device utilizing rotating balance shafts mounted in a housing means beneath the crankshaft and attached to the engine block by a plurality of legs spaced in the direction of the crankshaft axis to engage bearing journals located between cylinder bores. An oil pumping means evacuates oil from the housing means in cooperation with vacuum formation preventing air bleed means to the housing interior.

Abstract: A lubricating oil passage arrangement for a water-cooled internal combustion engine with a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores and a water jacket surrounding the cylinder bores. The cylinder block includes a side wall and a bulging portion projecting laterally outwardly from the side wall for defining a lubricating oil passage adjacent to the water jacket. Lubricating oil flowing through the lubricating oil passage is effectively cooled by the cooling water in the water jacket.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine of the crankcase scavenging type, in which a nozzle connected to a lubricant feed line is provided in the intake passage for picking up oil from a lubricant reservoir via a partial vacuum. For simple and sufficient lubrication and cooling of the crank gear in accordance with the respective requirements of the engine, the nozzle (62) is positioned in the area of the smallest cross-section of a Venturi-tube-like part (60) of the intake passage, and an injection pump (54) is provided for fuel delivery, which eliminates the need for an oil pump.

Abstract: A lubricating system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. This system includes a pair of passages formed between a crank chamber for reserving oil and an air-oil separating chamber accommodating a mechanism for actuating overhead valves. The pair of passages are constituted by a breather passage formed in the upper portion of a cylinder and the oil-returning passage formed in the lower portion of the cylinder. The breather passage has a valve for allowing a fluid to pass solely toward the air-oil separating chamber and a large oil-circulating resistance is imparted to the fluid flowing toward the air-oil separating chamber through the oil-returning passage, thereby circulating an oil mist in one direction only by using the reciprocal motion of each piston. Even when the engine is inclined, oil is prevented from flowing back from the crank chamber to the separating chamber through the oil-returning passage.

Abstract: An engine balance device utilizing rotating balance shafts mounted in a housing means beneath the crankshaft and attached to the engine block by a plurality of legs spaced in the direction of the crankshaft axis to engage bearing journals located between cylinder bores. An oil pumping means evacuates oil from the housing means in cooperation with vacuum formation preventing air bleed means to the housing interior.

Abstract: A lubrication system for a vertical shaft engine includes a crank case having an upper and a lower wall, a vertical crank shaft, a vertical balancing shaft, each pair of upper and lower bosses formed in said upper and lower walls for rotatably supporting these shafts an oil pump having a drive shaft housed in a lower boss for supporting said balancing shaft, and adopted to be driven by said balancing shaft, and an oil feeding passage for feeding lubricating oil from said pump to any part desired to be lubricated in said engine.

Abstract: An oil passage comprising at least one hydraulic communication means in the form of pipe which is disposed at the position located outwardly of the cylinder block of an engine so as to establish hydraulic communication between the cylinder head and the oil pan. Oil fed in the interior of the cylinder head is returned to the oil pan by way of the hydraulic communication means.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricant feed system for use in a journal of a crankshaft comprising first bearing supporting portions formed in a cylinder block, each having a peripheral surface, second bearing supporting portions formed in caps, each having a peripheral surface, first bearings in the form of half shells arranged on the peripheral surfaces of the first bearing supporting portions, second bearings in the form of half shells arranged on the peripheral surfaces of the second bearing supporting portions and an oil main gallery. In this arrangement, annular grooves are formed on the peripheral surfaces of the first and second bearing supporting portions and oil grooves are circumferentially formed at the inner peripheral surfaces of the first bearings. Apertures are formed at the first bearings to communicate the annular grooves with the oil grooves. The inner peripheral surfaces of the second bearings are made flat.

Abstract: A lubricating apparatus in an internal combustion engine of the horizontal type in which a main oil gallery for feeding oil to engine portions to be lubricated is provided substantially parallel to the engine crank shaft in the bearing cap secured to engine block for rotatably supporting the crank shaft, and an oil filter is provided on the bearing cap at a central portion in the direction of the crank shaft. The oil pump is provided on one end of the crank shaft and oil passages are formed in the bearing cap for conducting the oil from the oil pump to the oil filter and then from the oil filter to the central portion of said main gallery.

Abstract: An adaptor (ladder frame 10) and oil pan assembly (14), including a method of assembly therefor, is disclosed for mounting on an internal combustion engine block (2) equipped with a lubrication system designed to receive oil for recirculation through an inlet port (22) in the ladder frame (10) offset from the center of the oil pan assembly (14) when the assembly (14) is mounted in one of two reversed positions. The oil pan assembly (14) includes an asymmetrically offset oil pan reservoir (27) and integrally connected sump pipe (28, 48) within the interior of the pan shaped in accordance with the intended position of the oil pan assembly when mounted on the engine. The shape of the sump pipe (28, 48) is selected to provide automatic alignment and connection between the reservoir (27) and the inlet port (22) when the oil pan assembly (10) and sump pipe (28, 48) are simultaneously mounted on the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an improved cylinder head draining arrangement for accumulating oil that may leak from the cylinder head and its cover in use or which may flow from the cylinder head when the cover is removed for surfacing. The drain trough is inclined and has a drain opening at its lowermost end in which a removable closure plug is positioned.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine is constructed with a camshaft holder assembly. The camshaft holder assembly consists of several cylindrical recesses which form the camshaft support bearing, the camshaft positioning guide, and an accommodating chamber. Lubricant flows through the camshaft support bearing and accumulates in the accommodating chamber, which encloses a coupling between the camshaft and the drive shaft of an auxiliary device, for lubricating and cooling the coupling. The lubricant is maintained at a relatively constant level in the accommodating chamber by an inclined flow passage to the lubricant return passage in the cylinder head and the splashing action of the coupling within the accommodating chamber.

Abstract: A pump for lubricating oil is mounted on the outer face of the end wall of an internal combustion engine. An oil filter is mounted on a side wall of the engine parallel to the crankshaft, and a substantially straight sub-gallery in the side wall connects the oil pump to the oil filter. A substantially main gallery receives lubricating oil from the oil filter and delivers it to branched oil supply passages to lubricate parts of the engine.

Abstract: The crankshaft of an internal combustion engine for vehicles, especially motorcycles, is mounted between upper and lower parts of a crankcase. The crank webs of the shaft rotate partially in the lower part which is in the form of an oil space. An oil sump is also provided in the lower part at a lower level than the oil space. The lower part of the crankcase has a curved floor formed at a distance from the crank webs, and such floor has one or more oil return ducts therein. The ducts are disposed in the vicinity of the path of movement of the crank webs. The ducts are, in fact, opposite the crank webs and each of the ducts have a slope to them. Each of the ducts extend between walls of bearing seats provided in the engine.

Abstract: In combination with an internal combustion engine having a crankcase in which an air/oil mist mixture exists during normal operation of the engine, a pump having a crankshaft journalled in a crankcase, a cylinder, a piston coupled to said crankshaft to reciprocate in the cylinder, an intake and a return passage each communicating the pump crankcase with said engine compartment, and one-way valves in each of said passages arranged so that reciprocation of the pump piston will circulate the air/oil mist mixture from the engine compartment through the pump crankcase to provide lubrication to the compressor crankshaft and piston.

Abstract: An engine lubricating system of an internal combustion engine, comprising lubricating oil delivery means for delivering lubricating oil under controlled pressure when the engine is in operation, the lubricating oil delivery means comprising a primary filter unit having included therein a porous filter medium having perforations of a first range of sizes, first lubricating means communicating with the lubricating oil delivery means through a first oil feed passageway and operable for circulating oil from the lubricating oil delivery means to the power producing mechanism of the engine, and second lubricating means communicating with the lubricating oil delivery means through a second oil feed passageway and operable for circulating oil from the lubricating oil delivery means to the valve drive mechanism of the engine, the second lubricating means comprising a secondary filter unit having included therein a porous filter medium having perforations of a second range of sizes smaller than the first range of sizes

Abstract: An engine sump 4 has an oil suction passage 7 formed in its side wall to communicate with the sump well 6 at its lower end and to open upwards at its upper end to communicate with a passage in a crankcase 3. Preferably, the passage 7 opens into an upwardly opening gallery 13 in the top of the sump wall along part of its length. Two such oil suction pipes 7, 8 may be provided at opposite locations relative to a central point so that the sump 4 can be rotated 180 degrees about this point from one fitting position to another. A filter element 11 may be provided in the oil suction passage 7 and held therein by the crankcase 3.

Abstract: A cylinder block comprises bearing sections for supporting a rotatable shaft disposed within a crankcase inner chamber, the bearing sections being spaced from each other and from main bearing sections for supporting a crankshaft; and generally cylindrical hollow beam members each of which is interposed between the two opposite bearing sections in a manner to cover the rotatable shaft supported by the bearing sections, the hollow beam members being aligned in the direction of the row of cylinder barrels, thereby effectively increasing the total rigidity of the cylinder block while achieving engine weight-lightening.

Abstract: In a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine to be installed horizontally in a motor vehicle the cylinder block (2), the cylinder head (4), one half (8) of the crankcase and the oil sump (9) are formed from a single casting, the oil sump being positioned below the cylinder block and having an opening (13) in the same plane as a flat surface (12) on the cylinder head which locates a camshaft case (14).The camshaft case (14) and the oil sump cover (17) are formed as one unit, and a stay between the camshaft case and the oil sump cover accommodates the drive shaft (21) of an oil pump (22) located in the oil sump and driven by the camshaft. A second stay (19) between the camshaft case and the oil sump cover contains a duct (25) for conveying oil from the camshaft case back into the oil sump.

Abstract: A pump supplies pressurized lubricant to an internal combustion engine from an external reservoir through a closed loop system. Delivery channels extending through the crankshaft, connecting rod and other components, supply the pressurized lubricant to the several areas of relative movement. Return channels, extending through the components, conduct lubricant from the several areas to the reservoir. Fuel-air mixture from a carburetor enters the crankcase through the open end of the crankshaft and moves through ports within the several cylinders to the respective combustion chambers. Selected ports are sequentially closed by a valve plate carried by the crankshaft. Incomplete products of combustion are exhausted into an auxiliary exhaust outlet for recycling with the fuel-air mixture. Retainer members engaging the spark plugs assist in dissipating heat therefrom.

Abstract: A runner-type lubricating device for a vertical engine, in which a power gear is secured to a rotary shaft and properly meshed with a driven gear secured to a runner, with a bracket for pivotally supporting the runner secured to a crank case by a fixing means.

Abstract: A cooling unit is provided for an internal combustion engine wherein the latter is provided with a first interior portion having external inlet and outlet ports through which a first liquid circulates and a second interior portion through which a second liquid circulates. The second interior portion is provided with an access opening. The unit includes a base section which overlies the access opening and is sealingly secured to surface portions circumjacent the access opening. The base section is provided with a first set of ports which register with the inlet and outlet ports of the first interior portion, and a second set of ports. Mounted on one side of the base section is a heat exchange section which projects through the access opening into the second interior portion. The exterior of the heat exchange unit is contacted by the circulating second liquid. The interior of the heat exchange section is provided with a passageway through which the first liquid circulates.

Abstract: A noise-reducing casing member for oil-containing elements of interval combustion engines. The walls of the casing member are converging stepped plates containing inward depressions and/or grooves for frequency detuning.

Abstract: A trough-shaped sheet metal component with a deeper and a shallower portion such as an oil pan for combustion engines, and a method of deep-drawing it. In the transition between the deeper and the shallower portion, the edge between the bottom of the shallower portion and its side walls is made with a much shorter radius than the central portion. In deep-drawing the shallower portion and the transitional area, a pressure pad is used in the transitional area, where the material is locked in between die and pressure pad, so that working only takes place by bending in the edge areas.

Abstract: An engine (10) has a journal (18), a connecting rod (14) and a bearing (16) positioned between the journal (18) and rod (14). A lubrication system (36) for the engine (10) has a first passage (38) in the journal (18) and second and third passages (40,42) disposed between the journal (18) and bearing (16). The first passage (38) is positionable in fluid communication with the second and third passages (40,42) in response to rotation of the journal (18) for supplying lubricant therethrough to the bearing (16), journal (18) and piston areas. The first passage (38) is in continuous fluid communication with at least one of the second and third passages (40,42) to supply an uninterrupted flow of lubricant for maximum lubrication and cooling of the bearing (16), journal (18) and piston areas of the engine (10). The second and third passages (40,42) are positioned at preselected angles (A.sub.4, A.sub. 7 ; A.sub.5, A.sub.