Abstract: A card wire comprises an elongated rib portion and teeth. The teeth have a front portion and a back portion. The teeth hang over towards their front portion. The front portion and back portion merge at the tip of the tooth. The front portion comprises at least three sections: a first section extends from the tip of the tooth in the direction of the rib portion, a second section extends below the first section in the direction of the rib portion and a third section extends from the end of the second section in the direction of the rib portion. The second section comprises a straight part and a curved segment, wherein the straight part has a minimum length of 0.10 mm and the straight part has an angle between 10 and 30 degrees relative to the length direction of the card wire.

Abstract: The invention provides a spun yarn comprising recycled carbon fibre, and a method for the production thereof. The recycled carbon fibre comprises discontinuous carbon fibre and, optionally, continuous carbon fibre, and may be recycled from various sources, such as end-of- life waste and manufacturing waste. The yarn which is produced shows the required degree of strength and durability, and can be used in all conventional composite manufacturing operations where virgin yarn is currently employed, such as woven fabric manufacture, unidirectional fabric manufacture, filament winding, pultrusion and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a web of non-woven fibrous material which is cross-linked in the carding step by means of an intermediate card. There is a main cylinder with two web forming rollers engaging the main cylinder, each taking off one card web. One of the web forming rollers is a random roller for producing a random orientation of the card web. The random roller has associated with it a trough plate with a space between the roller and plate. The space tapers toward the discharge end resulting in stuffing or compression on the web until the web exits to a free non-woven forming zone. Two card webs form a single web, which is taken off the card.

Abstract: A feed roller with clothing, the so-called taker-in (1A), feeds a first carding cylinder (3,) which presents it to a second carding cylinder (7) which rotates at greater speed than that of the first carding cylinder and which in turn presents the material to a third even faster carding cylinder (11), which in turn presents it to the doffer (13); the clothings (3A,7A,11A) of the successive cylinders are gradually thicker-set and more inclined.

Abstract: A method of measuring fiber material while being processed by fiber processing components of a carding machine, includes the following steps: measuring fiber length and nep number at an outlet of the carding machine; applying measured values of the fiber length and nep number to a control and regulating device; forming, in the control and regulating device, optimized machine setting data for the fiber length and the nep number; and applying the optimized machine setting data to at least one of the fiber processing components affecting fiber length and nep number.

Abstract: A driven opening roll (A) covered with card clothing receives a web (W) over a feed plate (B) which carries a pair of serially arranged feed rolls (C) and (D) for separating fibrous material from the web and removing the fibrous material in a passageway (E) providing air flow progressively increasing in velocity.

Abstract: A ventilated carding cylinder for allowing heat generated in the carding cylinder during operation to be dissipated. The carding cylinder includes an internal, longitudinally extending, air flow passage and impeller means provided therein for moving air through the air flow passage during operation of the carding cylinder. This movement of air aids in dissipating heat generated by the carding cylinder during the fiber carding process. Reduction of heat in the carding cylinder can minimize the risk of fire occurring in the fibers and also thermal growth of the cylinder during operation.

Abstract: Fabrics containing melamine fibers are rendered more comfortable by carding the melamine fibers under vacuum so as to exhibit a narrower fiber diameter distribution (.delta..sub.d) and/or a narrower staple length distribution (.delta..sub.l) as compared to melamine fibers which are carded in the absence of vacuum. In addition, more comfortable melamine fiber-containing yarns are produced by spinning the staple fiber at a lower twist multiplier (TM) as compared to conventional melamine fiber yarns. Most preferably, the melamine fiber-containing fabrics and yarns will be blended with at least one other type of synthetic fibers, such as aramid fibers.

Abstract: An aeromechanical individualizer for individualizing entities within a fiber sample includes a cylindrical rotating beater wheel, having a non-permeable cylindrical surface and having carding elements, such as pins or wire points, on the cylindrical surface. A cylindrical feed roller and feed plate supply the fiber sample to the beater wheel in the form of a beard at a first point along the rotational path thereof. A nozzle directs a gas flow across the feed plate and the beard such that fibers are dragged from the feed plate into engagement with the carding element. At a second point along the rotational path of the beater wheel there is a doffer for removing entities of the beater wheel. An enclosure surrounds the beater wheel and substantially prevents the ingress or egress of the gas except gas flow which enters via the nozzle at the first point and which exits at the second point.

Abstract: A card apparatus for producing an aerodynamically formed fibrous web (4), includes a fiber feed means (6), a main cylinder (8) rotating at high speed and a shaft (10) arranged at main cylinder (8), the shaft transporting thrown-off fibers in an airflow (12) to an air-permeable web transport means (14) and disposing said fibers on said web transport means (14) in the form of a fibrous web (4). In this apparatus the main cylinder (8) throws off said fibers at a first location (22) of shaft (10) onto a second cylinder (20) rotating at high speed in opposite sense to main cylinder (8) and generating a random orientation of said fibers on cylinder (20), and the second cylinder (20) throws off said fibers into airflow (12) at a second location (24) of shaft (10).

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for cleaning fibers by means of revolving rollers, the fiber mass being divided, expanded, and recombined while being successively transferred over at least three rollers, the outer surface of at least one of the rollers revolving in close proximity to, but spaced apart from, the other rollers, to form a substantially triangular enclosure therebetween, the apparatus including a first roller, driven at peripheral speed faster than the remaining rollers, arranged as a moving source of fiber supply at the beginning of the process and to receive and card fibers from the third of the rollers; a second, condenser roller, driven at a peripheral speed slower than the first roller, arranged to receive at least a part of the fiber mass from the first roller and to transport the fibers to the third roller; a third, opening roller, driven at a peripheral speed relatively slower than the first roller, arranged to receive fibers from the condenser roller and to transport the fibers back

Abstract: The card comprises a first-taker-in (3) and a conveying-carding roller (7), a first carding cylinder or main cylinder (9), a first doffer roller (12), a second carding cylinder (14), a second doffer roller (18) and a web removing assembly (20); at least the first carding cylinder or main cylinder (9) has its fixed carding units (10), which cooperate with its clothing, arranged around the lower periphery of the cylinder.

Abstract: A high efficiency facility for producing yarn is provided wherein fibers pass through machines in the following order: a mixing mechanism (1), a first pair of cleaners (5, 7), a laydown cross blender (11), a second pair of cleaners (15, 17), an air fiber separator (23), a pair of vertical mixers (26, 28), a pair of air fiber separators (33, 35), and a pair of multiple chute feeders (41, 43). A plurality of carding machines (61) receive the fibers from the feeders (41, 43) and produce carded sliver from the fibers. A coiling apparatus (63) receives the carded sliver from each of the carding machines (61) and coils it into a plurality of carding containers, from which a drawing frame (71) feeds the carded sliver into a plurality of drawing containers. A plurality of open-end spinning machines (81) spin the carded sliver into yarn packages.

Abstract: A dehairing system with rotating cylinders bearing tines is provided to dehair fibers by forces, including centrifugal force. The dehairing system may include multiple dehairing units forming a dehairing processing line such that fibers for dehairing may be transferred upstream and downstream for extended dehairing. Each dehairing unit includes cylinders rotating at different and varying rotational speeds for transferring fibers between the cylinders, as well as between the units. A motor unit may be provided for rotating various cylinders such that they may impart rotation to other selected cylinders for accomplishing dehairing. Having different lengths and extending at different angles, the tines provided on the cylinders facilitate a brushing and/or flicking action for expelling contaminants.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a nonwoven web comprises a carding drum and a continuously movable, air-permeable collecting surface member, which is arranged to collect the fibers which have been discharged from the carding drum and are entrained by an entraining air stream, through a suction duct, which extends between the carding drum and the collecting surface member. Passages for supplying air to the suction duct are provided throughout a predetermined working width of the drum and disposed adjacent to the duct at leading and trailing boundaries thereof with respect to the direction of rotation of the carding drum.

Abstract: A feeder 1 for supplying a fiber material, a plurality of fiber opening cylinders 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2, 2.sub.3, . . . 2n (n is a natural number) mounted adjacent to one another for transferring and opening the fiber material fed from the feeder 1 and having metallic wires 2a mounted to the surface thereof, a conveyor 7 arranged for receiving the opened fiber unloaded from the fiber opening cylinder 2n mounted at the outlet end, and a suction box 8 arranged beneath the conveyor 7 for drawing the opened fiber towards the conveyor 7 by a sucking action. The fiber opening cylinders 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2, 2.sub.3, . . . 2n being enclosed in a housing 3 which has fiber transfer openings 4 between any two adjacent fiber opening cylinders and a fiber releasing opening 5 for unloading the opened fiber from the last fiber opening cylinder 2n. At least one of the fiber opening cylinders 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2, 2.sub.3, . . . 2n is driven to produce a centrifugal acceleration of more than 3.4.times.10.sup.5 cm/sec.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a fiber web comprising a feeder 1 for supplying a fiber material, a plurality of fiber opening cylinders 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2, 2.sub.3, . . . 2n (n is a natural number) mounted adjacent to one another for transferring and opening the fiber material fed from the feeder 1 and having metallic wires 2a mounted to the surface thereof, a conveyor 7 arranged for receiving the opened fiber unloaded from the fiber opening cylinder 2n mounted at the outlet end, and a suction box 8 arranged beneath the conveyor 7 for drawing the opened fiber towards the conveyor 7 by a sucking action, said fiber opening cylinders 2.sub.1, 2.sub.2, 2.sub.3, . . . 2n being enclosed in a housing 3 which has fiber transfer openings 4 between any two adjacent fiber opening cylinders and a fiber releasing opening 5 for unloading the opened fiber from the last fiber opening cylinder 2n, and also arranged so that any two adjacent cylinders can rotate in opposite directions.

Abstract: An improved carding process utilizing a brush attached to a cylinder carding machine for inhibiting the buildup of napped fibers. Mounted just downstream of the transfer region where carding takes place, the brush is stationary with respect to the revolving cylinders. The brush is disposed across the face of the carding drum with the nylon bristles of the brush engaged in the card-cloth wires of the drum. The bristles continuously brush, straighten and force napped fibers down into the wires of the carding cylinder, which results in a thicker, heavier web of carded fibers and virtually eliminates buildup of fluffy fibers on the carding drum as well as the input drum.

Abstract: A wool card includes a rotatable Morel roller and first and second burr beaters rotatable relative to the Morel roller and relative to each other and spaced apart about the periphery of the Morel roller. The wool to be carded moves in one direction about the Morel roller and between the first burr beater and the Morel roller and then between the second burr beater and the Morel roller. The first burr beater turns at a lower speed than the second burr beater. The burr beaters have blades thereon which contact the wool to remove impurities from the wool. The number of blades on the first burr beater is less than the number of blades on the second burr beater.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a wool card applicable in the field of the textile industry. The card is characterized in that it is equipped with at least three Morel rollers (1), in that it does not have an intermediate comb and in that the tangential velocities of the feeder rollers (2) and the large drum (3) are equal, the reduction in speed of the fiber web between the large drum (3) and the following Morel roller (1) being relatively low.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a nonwoven web has a carding drum (1), a continuously moving, air-permeable collecting surface member (2) for collecting fibers which fly in an entraining air stream from the carding drum (1), a suction box (4), connected to the collecting surface member (2), and a suction duct (3) extending between the collecting surface member and a peripheral portion of the carding drum (1) which is directly opposite to the collecting surface member (2).

Abstract: Ball-shaped and other rounded fiber clusters that have a density that may be controlled, as desired, with good uniformity of size and density, may be obtained from staple fiber that has been crimped mechanically, as well as from spirally crimped polyester staple fiber, by an new process and apparatus at a high throughput. The process including feeding a uniform layer of staple fiber onto a peripheral surface of a rotating main cylinder covered with card clothing and rolling the fiber into rounded clusters.

Abstract: For the production of a nonwoven web from a primary nonwoven web a conventional carding drum is used as well as a collecting surface, on which a vacuum is applied and which is continuously moved and serves to collect the fibers flying from the carding drum. In order to ensure desirable conditions for the entrainment of the fibers flying off, the fibrous covering on the carding drum is sucked from consecutive layers on consecutive portions of the surface of the drum so as to from partial streams of fibers in suction passages between the carding drum and the collecting surface.

Abstract: A card including a main cylinder, a revolving flat as well as a licker-in roller and a doffing roller (also called a doffer roll) also includes a suction device in combination with a separating knife in order to improve the carding result and eliminate dirt in the precarding zone between the licker-in and the revolving flat, in the after carding zone between the revolving flat and the doffer roll as well as in the precarding zone between the doffer roll and the licker-in. A preparatory element has a structured surface arranged opposite to the surface of the main cylinder, in which the teeth are arranged facing the direction of rotation of the main cylinder. This structured surface allows the carding result to be retained and subjects the fleece lying on the main cylinder to a certain vibration so that, in combination with centrifugal force and the separating knife, there is better dirt separation which can be removed through the suction device.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a non-woven fabric comprises a plurality of tooth-carrying carding drums, which rotate in the same sense and succeed each other in the direction of travel of the preliminary web. Each carding drum which succeeds another in the direction of travel of the preliminary web constitutes a worker roller for the next preceding carding drum. The fibers flow off from the carding drums in discharge ducts and are deposited on a collecting surface, to which suction is applied. In order to ensure a uniform deposition of the fibers on the collecting surface, each discharge passage is provided adjacent to its boundary walls with an air inlet opening, which extends throughout the width of the collecting surface and is constituted by an air-entraining injector nozzle, which is directed toward the collecting surface and discharges an air stream which is parallel to the boundary wall.

Abstract: For use in the making of slivers from a lap, an apparatus is proposed which comprises a plurality of tooth-carrying carding drums (3, 4, 5, 6), which succeed each other in the direction of travel of the lap. Each carding drum (4, 5, 6) which succeeds another constitutes a worker roller for cooperating with the preceding carding drum (3, 4, 5). The fibers which fly from the carding drums (3, 4, 5 and 6) into ejection ducts (10) are deposited in the form of strips on a collecting surface (7), to which a vacuum is applied only in zones.

Abstract: Carding roller apparatus for processing staple fibers is disclosed which includes rollers combined to form operative carding units (A) to provide a desired effect which may be combined to provide a desired levelling and carding of fibers. The operative units consist of a high speed roller (1, 5, 9, and 13) having a carding point with a working roller (2, 6, 10, and 14). There is a stripper roller (3, 7, 11, and 15) in advance if each working roller as seen in the travel direction. The first roller (1, 5, 9, and 13) is contacted by a fourth roller (4, 8, 12, and 16) which acts as a carding and transfer roller with fiber circulation and additional fiber storage between the next operative carding unit. By the additional carding points with fiber circulation and by the additional fiber storage, the apparatus provides improved levelling and opening qualities as compared to conventional carding arrangements.

Abstract: An improved cleaning device for textile fibres is provided comprising at least one carding drum and a taker-in cylinder or drum in tangential arrangement with a lower peripheral portion of the carding drum, the taker-in drum having cooperatively associated therewith means for feeding textile fibres thereto for subsequent delivery to the carding drum for further treatment thereof. The improvement resides in employing at least a pair of first and second cleaning cylinders tangentially located at a lower peripheral portion of the taker-in drum, the first cleaning cylinder being tangentially associated with the second cylinder.

Abstract: Apparatus for making a fibrous web comprises a plurality of carding drums (3, 4, 5, 6), which closely succeed each other in the direction of travel of the feed web and rotate in the same sense. An air-permeable collecting surface is provided, on which the fibers of the feed web are deposited which fly from the carding drums (3, 4, 5, 6). Each carding drum (4, 5, 6) which succeeds another (3, 4, 5) in the direction of travel of the feed web constitutes a worker roller associated with the preceding carding drum. In order to increase the permissible speed of travel of the feed web, an additional worker roller (20) and a clearer roller (21) are associated with each carding drum (3, 4, 5, 6) on that side thereof which is remote from the collecting surface (7).

Abstract: A fibrous feed web is delivered by a feeder to tooth-carrying carding drums, which rotate at a surface velocity which causes the fibers to flow off under centrifugal force to fly onto a continuously moving, air-permeable collecting surface, which is subjected to suction. In order to make a uniform fibrous web with simple structural means even at a high throughput, the carding drums are closely spaced apart in the direction of movement of the collecting surface and each carding drum which succeeds another carding drum in the direction of movement of the collecting surface constitutes a working roller for such preceding carding drum.

Abstract: A carding engine having a rotatable hollow carding cylinder (5). The inner surface of the cylinder is formed with a fluid-conveying pathway (18 to 21) in a pattern such that fluid circulated through the pathway will maintain the surface temperature of the cylinder substantially uniform. Means are provided for circulating fluid through the pathway in such a way that during operation the pathway is maintained full of fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the working conditions between two rotating cylinders equipped with a point clothing wherein complete elimination of the disturbing influences of the centrifugal force and the increase in temperature of the cylinders onto the working conditions is achieved.

Abstract: The working conditions between two rotating cylinders (4,5), which are provided with a point clothing (9,19) and are processing or mutually transferring a fibre web, of a processing machine of the staple fibre spinning plant are always maintained on a predetermined value by adapting the distance between the surfaces of the two cylinders (4,5). For this purpose moving means (21) are used, which permit very precise setting of the distance between the rotational axes (8,14) of the two cylinders (4,5), and which are controlled by control means (22). To the control means (22) the measuring signal of a characteristic directly connected with the diameter of one of the cylinders (4 or 5), as scanned by a measuring element (25), is transmitted, and the control means (22) control the moving elements (21) in function of this characteristic. Thus complete elimination of the disturbing influences of the centrifugal force and of the increase in temperature of the cylinders onto the working conditions is achieved.

Abstract: A total fiber recovery method and apparatus are disclosed which will recover substantially all of the usable fiber contained in discarded waste material comprising a mixture of fibers, motes and trash. The method consists of conveying the input material into a cleaner and opener which rejects a large portion of the heavy trash and motes. The remaining fiber is transported into a lint cleaner which drops out more motes and smaller trash. From there the partially cleaned fiber is transported to a first cleaner and carder which will clean and orient the fiber. The trash and motes rejected by the cleaner and opener, the lint cleaner, and the first cleaner and carder are collected and cleaned in a drum screen cleaner to remove the heavy trash. The partially cleaned fiber is then transported into a carder and opener where the fibers, including the motes, are fully opened. The opened fiber is then transported to a second cleaner and carder for cleaning and orienting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus wherein a machine for carding cotton, man-made fibres and mixtures thereof is provided with a trash removing device usually in the form of a longitudinally fluted roller that cooperates mechanically with a roller clothed with flat-topped card-clothing. The flat-topped clothing roller may be a taker-in roller located in a feed section and the fluted roller is set close to the flat-topped card-clothed roller whereby it is adapted to remove trash projecting above the teeth on the flat-topped card-clothed roller. The trash removing roller is provided with a cowling spaced radially from the periphery of the roller and providing a longitudinally extending gap part way around the roller. A radial lip extends along the one edge of the cowling substantially closing the gap. A deflector lip projects into the gap so as to deflect material travelling in the space between the trash removing roller and the cowling out through the gap.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for treating fibrous materials for subsequent processing are described. Such processes and apparatus are able to provide a continuously high throughput, e.g., 400 pounds per hour or more, while achieving an acceptable degree of cleanliness and uniformity with a substantial absence of formation of neps. In a preferred embodiment, the fiber treatment unit includes a train of rolls adjacently mounted for rotation about parallel axes. Adjacent rolls rotate in opposite directions and each is provided with a plurality of fiber grabbing, card clothing teeth. A number of additional carding points about the rotating cylinders are provided. Numerous trash removing assemblies adjacent the rotating rolls provide for removal of trash and other dry particles, thus preventing escape of such particles into the atmosphere and minimizing health hazards at this and subsequent fiber process stages.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to apparatus for separating card strips, such as fiber neps, fiber adhesions, short fibers, foreign particles, waste fibers and the like from fibrous material during a carding operation in which a rotating carding cylinder has means for carrying fibrous material therewith, a strips roller adjacent the carding cylinder defining therewith a gap through which the fibrous material is carried by the carding machine, and the strips roller including means for forming carding strips from the fibrous material which are subsequently removed therefrom.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for treating fibrous materials for subsequent processing are described. Such processes and apparatus are able to provide a continuously high throughput, e.g., 400 pounds per hour or more, while achieving an acceptable degree of cleanliness and uniformity with a substantial absence of formation of neps. In a preferred embodiment the fiber treatment unit includes a train of rolls adjacently mounted for rotation about parallel axes. Adjacent rolls rotate in opposite directions and each is provided with a plurality of fiber grabbing, card clothing teeth. A number of additional carding points about the rotating cylinders are provided. Numerous trash removing assemblies adjacent the rotating rolls provide for removal of trash and other dry particles thus preventing escape of such particles into the atmosphere and minimizing health hazards at this and subsequent fiber process stages.

Abstract: Fibrous materials are processed to produce a homogeneous mass of fibres by using a series of clothed cylinders, the fibrous material having passed from one cylinder to another. The cylinders progressively have coarser teeth, alternate cylinders rotating in different directions and the peripheral speeds of the cylinders are progressively greater. At least one worker roller is arranged tangentially with respect to two adjacent cylinders to work the material by rotating in the same direction as the slower peripheral speed roller. The flow of air is created along the path of travel of the material to cool and assist in transporting the material by encasing the cylinders in fitting cover means.

Abstract: A roller train in a carding machine comprises first, second and third card-clothed rollers, the second roller having two sets of teeth pointing in opposite directions, and the relative surface speeds of the rollers being such that one set of teeth on the second roller has point-to-point action with the teeth in the first roller and the other set of teeth on the second roller has point-to-point action with the teeth on the third roller.

Abstract: A carding machine for forming a fibrous web from textile fibers comprises at least three carding cylinders arranged in succession with worker means for working fibers progressively from cylinder to cylinder, means for rotating the cylinders at successively increasing peripheral speeds in the direction of travel of the fibers, a doffer in working relationship with the last cylinder for receiving the fibers, a means for rotating the doffer at a peripheral speed less than the peripheral speed of the last carding cylinder, the last carding cylinder being rotatable at such a peripheral speed that fibers are projected from the last carding cylinder to the doffer and the doffer being placed sufficiently close to the penultimate carding cylinder without being in working relationship thereto that air flow between the penultimate carding cylinder and the doffer is restricted so that in operation a stream of air flowing with the fibers from the last carding cylinder towards the doffer meets with resistance.