Abstract: According to this invention there is provided a process for the heat treatment of noncaking, noncoking coal with a process derived gaseous fuel having a variably controllable calorific heating value.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method and apparatus for removing oil and tar based wood preservatives from sawdust. A pole treated with oil or tar basee wood preservative is shaved to remove the treated outer wood layer, leaving the interior preservative free. The sawdust is subjected to rapid heating in a turbulent oxygen-free gas stream and the oil and tar are rapidly distilled from the sawdust. The sawdust and gas are separated in a mechanical separator and the hot gas is rapidly cooled, condensed and recovered.

Abstract: The organic material (such as waste tire compound) is pyrolysed by pre-heating the organic material (without pyrolysis) in a preheat zone 9 by a hot gas stream; feeding pre-heated material directly to a microwave discharge zone 10 by means of conveyor 8; pyrolysing the pre-heated material in the microwave discharge zone to produce solid fission products containing elemental carbon and gaseous by-products; and recycling at least some of the latter to the hot gas stream which is supplied to the pre-heating zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of charcoal by the comingling of a source of wood and ground sludge where the sludge is received from a paper making plant as wet sludge, grinding the wet sludge to a desired reduction, feeding the ground sludge into a furnace where it is comingled with wood, and circulating the furnace hot gas exhaust back through the grinding of the wet sludge to initiate the drying thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the pyrolysis of coal which comprises the effective utilization of two zonal inclined fluidized beds, where said zones can be selectively controlled as to temperature and heating rate. The first zonal inclined fluidized bed serves as a dryer for crushed coal and additionally is controlled to selectively pyrolyze said coal producing substantially carbon dioxide for recycle use. The second zonal inclined fluidized bed further pyrolyzes the coal to gaseous, liquid and char products under controlled temperature and heating rate zones designed to economically integrate the product mix. The gas and liquid products are recovered from the gaseous effluent stream while the char which remains can be further treated or utilized in a subsequent process step.

Abstract: The organic material (such as waste tire compound) is pyrolyzed by pre-heating the organic material (without pyrolysis) in a preheat zone 9 by a hot gas stream; feeding pre-heated material directly to a microwave discharge zone 10 by means of conveyor 8; pyrolyzing the pre-heated material in the microwave discharge zone to produce solid fission products containing elemental carbon and gaseous by-products; and recycling at least some of the latter to the hot gas stream which is supplied to the pre-heating zone.

Abstract: A process and system for low-temperature carbonization of oil shale, oil sands and similar oil-bearing solids includes low-temperature carbonization of oil-bearing solids in a high-pressure fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a substance selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and steam at temperatures substantially between 400.degree.and 600.degree. C. for producing low-temperature carbonization gas. The low-temperature carbonization gas is condensed in at least two stages for producing relatively higher boiling and relatively lower boiling oil fractions. The oil-bearing solids are peripherally mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction of the low-temperature carbonization gas, before introducing the oil-bearing solids into the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor. The oil-bearing solids mashed with the higher boiling oil fraction are returned to the high-pressure fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Process water is formed when pyrolysis gas obtained in the pyrolytic decomposition of a starting material is cooled. Due to its content of chemical compounds, it is very costly to dispose of or eliminate the process water. A process for reducing the quantity of by-products in the generation of pyrolysis gas recycles the process water to a pyrolysis reactor operating with a fluidized bed. As a result, the process water is reduced in quantity and purified in a simple manner, and the yield of pyrolysis gas is increased.

Abstract: The process for obtaining oil, gas and other products from pyrobituminous shales and the like includes introducing crushed shale into a retort and contacting the crushed shale in the top portion of the retort with a stream of retort gases. Hot gases are injected at an intermediate point of the retort and a stream of cold gases are injected at the bottom of the retort. The gaseous retorted matter above the zone where the shale undergoes pyrolysis is removed and directed to a cyclone from separation of heavy liquid components from a gaseous stream. The gaseous stream is then purified and compressed with a portion of the compressed stream being heated and reinjected as the steam of hot gases into the retort. The other portion of the compressed stream of gases is cooled and a liquid component consisting primarily of water and heavy oil is separate therefrom in a spray tower.

Abstract: Lump wood is carbonized in a shaft retort, which is flown through by hot rinse gas. The wood is charged to the retort at its top. Wood charcoal is withdrawn from the lower portion of the retort. An exhaust gas which contains gases and vapors produced by carbonization is withdrawn from the top end of the shaft retort and is directly fed to a combustion chamber. In a first section of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas is combusted with air at an understoichiometric to stoichiometric rate at temperatures from 800.degree. to 1250.degree. C. Part of the combustion gas is withdrawn from that first section of the combustion chamber and is cooled to temperatures from about 450.degree. to 900.degree. C. and is fed as a rinse gas to the shaft retort. In a second section of the combustion chamber, the exhaust gas is completely combusted with air supplied at an overstoichiometric rate.

Abstract: A method for conditioning delayed coke includes allowing coke to form in a first chamber or coke drum, while simultaneously conditioning coke in a second coke drum by flowing through it a hydrocarbon conditioning fluid recirculated from another portion of the coking apparatus, said conditioning fluid having a temperature of more than 750.degree. F. and less than 1000.degree. F., and decoking a third coke drum. The coking, conditioning and decoding operations are sequentially switched among the coke drums.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for producing coke in a vertical furnace having an upper part for preheating and devolitalizing raw ovoids of coal, an electrically heated median part for carbonizing and coking the ovoids and a lower part for partially cooling the coked ovoids by counter current flow of recycled product gases recovered from the upper part of the furnace. A cooling chamber is connected to the lower part of the furnace for further cooling the coked ovoids by countercurrent flow of a portion of the recycled product gases which are withdrawn after flowing through the partially cooled coked ovoids and introduced into the upper part of the furnace to prevent condensation of condensibles contained in the product gases. The median part of the furnace may be electrically heated by electrodes, induction coils or a combination of electrodes and induction coils.

Abstract: Pyrolytic reprocessing of plastic, rubber, or other hydrocarbon materials in which the resultant pyrolysis gas is brought in a cooling stage to a temperature just above the freezing point of water and to a pressure of approximately 0.8 to 1.4 bar of overpressure. The resultant condensate is then separated and heated to a normal storage temperature and the super atmospheric pressure on the condensate reduced to atmospheric pressure. The gas produced thereby comprising C.sub.4 hydrocarbon compounds is supplied to the pyrolysis process as special product gas. By means of this provision, the proportion of aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis gas is raised substantially.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing a substantial portion of water and impurities from low rank coal and peat, whereby an improved coal or peat product (not found in nature) is obtained. The low rank coal and peat are subjected to a superheated gaseous medium, thereby substantially desorbing the moisture from the coal or peat and producing superheated gases. A substantial portion of the superheated gases produced is recycled back in contact with the coal being dried. Sufficient heat is added to the recycled gases, in response to monitoring, so that the recycled gases are maintained in a substantially superheated condition throughout. This process produces a dried, substantially purified product which retains a substantial portion of its volatile content, which has an improved heat value per unit weight, and which will not absorb substantial moisture when stored or transported. In one embodiment, the process utilizes superheated steam to initiate the drying process.

Abstract: An internally-fired vertical shaft kiln for calcining coke wherein a downwardly moving coke bed has a co-current preheat gas stream in the upper portion of the kiln and a counter-current combustion gas stream in the lower portion of the kiln. Both gases are removed at the midportion of the kiln. Combustion air is introduced to the kiln through an inclined grate at the bottom of the kiln which retains a layer of coke thereon for internal combustion. The calcined coke moves over the combusting coke layer on the grate and then through a passage to a cooling chamber where a gas stream is passed through the calcined coke for cooling. The gas stream heated in the cooling chamber can be used as the co-current gas preheat stream in the upper section of the kiln.

Abstract: An energy efficient process for beneficiating and dewatering high water content carbonaceous materials utilizing a pneumatic stream to entrain, transport, dewater and to carbonize organic carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed. The process utilizes physical separation for principal removal of moisture and reduces contact between organic carbonaceous matter and hot process water, thereby retaining a high organic content in the product fuel. The organic carbonaceous materials are chemically beneficiated during carbonization in a fluidized bed contactor. Heat exchange and heat recovery procedures provide an economical, energy efficient process.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide issuing from an oil shale retort is captured in an absorbent bed. When the bed is regenerated as with oxygen containing gas, the sulfur dioxide liberated is reintroduced into the retort for reaction with the spent shale.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a methane-enriched gas wherein a hydrogen-deficient carbonaceous material is treated with a hydrogen-containing pyrolysis gas at an elevated temperature and pressure to produce a product gas mixture including methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The improvement comprises passing the product gas mixture sequentially through a water-gas shift reaction zone and a gas separation zone to provide separate gas streams of methane and of a recycle gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane for recycle to the process. A controlled amount of steam also is provided which when combined with the recycle gas provides a pyrolysis gas for treatment of additional hydrogen-deficient carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A system is provided for recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, tar sands or coal. The process includes preheating finely divided solids prior to introduction to a low residence time tubular reactor where a portion of the hydrocarbon is removed from the solids. The solids are then separated from the hydrocarbon product, stripped of residual hydrocarbons then transferred to a gasifier to burn the remaining entrapped hydrocarbon to serve as the heat source for the process.

Abstract: A two-step method and apparatus, according to the fluidized bed principle, for the production of coke, rich gas and pyrolysis tar, with the object of executing the method in a compact apparatus arrangement, with high energy efficiency and high throughput capacity.This is accomplished by a sequence in which the fine grains removed from the drying vapor mixture are removed from the actual pyrolysis process, and a hot gas, alien to the carbonization, is used as fluidization medium in the pyrolysis reactor, and with a hot gas-high performance separator being used for the dust separation from the pyrolysis gas, with the combustion exhaust gas produced in the combustion chamber being used for the indirect heating of the fluidization medium, for the pre-heating of the gas, which is alien to the carbonization, and for the direct heating in the dryer.

Abstract: Coal is processed sequentially over a range of temperatures up to a maximum of 750.degree. F. and preferably considerably less to obtain a clean burning coke, refinable petroleum and bitumen products, fertilizer minerals, combustible gases and water; the process is capable of producing a highly porous, easily crushed coke substantially free of pollutants and almost entirely depleted of oil so that it is hygroscopic and easily transformed to a pipeline slurry. The process is not one of destructive distillation but neither is atmospheric air employed as a combustion oxidant or reactant in the system; the process is preferably conducted under reflux conditions in a closed vessel and in such a way that the heat input is complemental substantially to the thermo-absorption spectrum of the coal.

Abstract: As hot oil depleted shale from an indirect retorting process passes downward through a vertical shaft furnace, the residual carbon in the shale is burned out in the upper portion by air fed into the top of the furnace. The temperature of combustion is moderated by an inert gas also fed into the top of the furnace. Additional inert gas fed into the bottom of the furnace flows upward in countercurrent contact with the descending hot shale to cool the shale and heat the inert gas. The downwardly flowing gases from the upper, combustion portion of the furnace and the upwardly flowing gas from the lower, cooling portion are withdrawn from the furnace intermediate the upper and lower portions. The inert gas can be recycle gas which is heated by direct contact with the hot shale, a separate inert gas which is circulated through the heat exchanger to heat the recycle gas or a combination of the two.

Abstract: Hot oil depleted shale from an indirect oil shale retorting process is charged into the top of a vertical shaft furnace together with sufficient oxygen to combust the residual carbon in the shale. Recycle process gas is fed into the bottom of the furnace for direct heating by the spent shale. The heated recycle process gas and combustion gases are withdrawn from the furnace separately to minimize dilution of the high BTU process gas. A selected quantity of coarse, cooled spent shale discharged from the bottom of the furnace is recycled to the top to moderate the temperature of combustion.

Abstract: Recycle gas for the indirect retorting of oil shale, is heated after the oil has been recovered from the gas, utilizing the residual carbon in hot oil depleted shale. The hot oil depleted shale is charged into a vertical shaft furnace where it is combusted by the introduction of air into the upper portion of the furnace. The heat so generated is recovered from the lower part of the furnace for heating the recycle gas and cooling the spent shale. A portion of the coarse fraction of the cooled spent shale discharged from the bottom of the furnace is recycled to the top to regulate the temperature of combustion. The recycle gas may be heated directly by countercurrent contact with the hot, spent shale in the lower portion of the furnace or indirectly in a heat exchanger by an inert gas which is circulated through the lower portion of the furnace.

Abstract: A process and system for continuously pyrolyzing organic feedstock produces a solid carbonaceous residue of controlled volatility, in a manner that is highly energy efficient. The value of the gaseous product and of the pyrolytic oil produced are also optimized.

Abstract: A process for treating liquid hydrocarbons to remove toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons comprises feeding the hydrocarbons into a reactor where vapors are thermally treated in contact with a catalyst consisting essentially of calcium oxide or a calcium oxide containing mineral. Thermally treating liquid hydrocarbons in contact with calcium oxide preferentially increases the cracking of aromatics thus producing a product having a reduced amount of aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The production of hydrogenated tar and distillates from coal which is passed through successive condensing, hydrogenation, desulfurization and cooling zones of a dense bed while a flue gas is discharged into the lower portion of the desulfurization zone in admixture with steam and hydrogen for countercurrent flow contact with the coal and coke solids. The gases evolved from the desulfurization zone are passed into countercurrent contact with the coal in the preceding hydrogenation zone where the high boiling coal tar fractions evolved from the coal are hydrogenated and pyrolyzed. The total effluent from the hydrogenation zone is then passed into countercurrent contact with the coal in the condensing zone, preheating the coal by direct contact and initiating the pyrolysis of the coal. The preferred method is practiced in a vertical kiln through which the coal is passed as a dense, compact gravitating bed of solids.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for recovering volatile distillates from coal, and other solid carbonaceous fuel sources, by heating the top surface of a bilayer of coal formed of an upper layer of recycled coal and a lower layer of green coal, maintaining the lower level of green coal at a temperature cool enough to condense constituents distilled from the upper layer of recycle coal, and recycling the once passed green coal as recycle coal is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a system for disposing of the pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolyzing system to refine the same are presented in which an absorbing agent for eliminating harmful gas is introduced into a thermal reactor in such an amount that a large percent of such agent is unreacted but it is efficiently recovered together with char from the pyrolysis gas and also these recovered materials are utilized to remove oil and tar from water used in cleaning the pyrolysis gas, the recovered solid particles of the char and unreacted absorbing agent and the oil and tar separated from the cleaning water being recirculated in the pyrolyzing system.

Abstract: This invention comprises an apparatus and process for drying and/or heating materials. This invention was designed for use in the production of charcoal from wood feed material; however, it can be used to heat and/or dry many types of materials. Feed material is disposed in a reactor, wherein there is provided a first array of input channels extending through said feed material, through which hot gases are introduced into said feed material, and a second array of output channels extending through said feed material to collect and exit those hot gases and any gases or vapors derived from the heating and/or drying of the feed material.

Abstract: The process for the production of molded metallurgical coke from dried coal or fine coal mixtures with a low swelling index particularly highly volatile fine coal comprises mixing normal washed fine coal or fine coal mixtures of a grain size of from 0 to 10 mm and a swelling index of not more than 5 with a binder, pressing the mixture into briquettes, oxidizing the briquettes in a continuous material flow stream, and coking the oxidized briquettes continuously in an oven chamber by supplying indirectly and exhausting the coke oven gases with a temperature of 300.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: The gas stream obtained from the pyrolysis of solid organic wastes and containing halogens, particularly chlorine in the form of the corresponding hydrogen halide is processed to obtain a halide free pyrolytic oil. The gas stream after solids removal is contacted with a solid metal halide acceptor above the dew point of pyrolyzate to form the corresponding metal halide which may be discarded. As an alternative the metal halide can be treated to release the hydrogen halide which is recovered as an acid and the acceptor regenerated for recycle. The preferred acceptor is calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Particulate oil shale is subjected to a pyrolysis with a hot, non-oxygenous gas in a pyrolysis vessel, with the products of the pyrolysis of the shale contained kerogen being withdrawn as an entrained mist of shale oil droplets in a gas for a separation of the liquid from the gas. Hot retorted shale withdrawn from the pyrolysis vessel is treated in a separate container with an oxygenous gas so as to provide combustion of residual carbon retained on the shale, producing a high temperature gas for the production of some steam and for heating the non-oxygenous gas used in the oil shale retorting process in the first vessel. The net energy recovery includes essentially complete recovery of the organic hydrocarbon material in the oil shale as a liquid shale oil, a high BTU gas, and high temperature steam.

Abstract: A bleed stream from the recirculating wash oil in a final cooling system for coke oven gas is centrifugally separated into a waste water stream, a sludge stream and a clean, dry oil stream which is substantially free of solids and has a water content less than 0.5% (wt.). The clean, dry oil stream is heated to less than about 160.degree. C., preferably 125.degree.-135.degree. C., before entering a naphthalene stripper-wash oil still.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for pyrolyzing agglomerative coals which comprises introducing a fluidized bed of hot char particles into a pyrolysis chamber or reactor, and injecting upwardly into the chamber a high velocity jet of agglomerative coal particles in a carrier gas, the fluidized hot char particles surrounding the high velocity coal jet and heating the coal particles to yield gaseous products and char. The hot char particles in the fluidized state and disposed around the coal jet are entrained in the upwardly expanding coal jet and mixed with the coal particles, so that by the time the coal particles contact the pyrolysis chamber wall, such coal particles being heated by the char have passed through the tacky state and are no longer tacky and do not adhere to the chamber wall. The gaseous product and char formed during pyrolysis are rapidly removed from the pyrolysis chamber, and such char can be separated, e.g.

Abstract: Pollutant-containing gases which are generated in a steel-making and/or coking plant are mixed with fresh air in at least one stream and passed through an incandescent bed of minerals, e.g. the sintering cake of an ore-sintering furnace. The resulting gases are then subjected to gas cleaning in at least one filtering or washing station.

Abstract: A method for recovering and utilizing heat of coke-oven gas, which comprises: through heat exchange with a high-temperature coke-oven gas generated from a coke oven battery and containing vaporized coal tar, vaporized low boiling point substances and dust, drying and preheating a blended raw material coal fine to be charged into coking ovens of said coke oven battery, and, on the other hand, causing most of said coal tar contained in said coke-oven gas to condense and deposit onto the particle surfaces of said coal fine during the process of said heat exchange, thereby recovering and utilizing sensible heat and condensation heat of said coke-oven gas and substances contained therein, and at the same time, eliminating most of the contained coal tar from said coke-oven gas.

Abstract: A method for destructive distillation of hydrocarbonaceous distilland is disclosed wherein a dienophile is introduced into the vaporous phase to reduce the production of non-distillable polymeric product. Specifically dienophiles available economically in large amounts such as maleic anhydride are disclosed. The introduction of additional sulfide to further reduce production of asphaltenic polymeric product is also described.

Abstract: A process for producing organic liquid product from solid organic waste. The process comprises pyrolyzing the solid organic waste to produce pyrolysis vapors and solid pyrolysis residue. The solid residue is separated from the pyrolysis vapors leaving entrained particulate matter in the vapor. At least a portion of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed for producing pyrolysis liquid containing entrained particulate matter. The pyrolysis liquid is centrifuged producing a light fraction containing entrained particulate matter, a middle fraction substantially free of particulate matter and a heavy fraction containing entrained particulate matter. The middle fraction is recovered as organic liquid product substantially free of entrained particulate matter. The light fraction and heavy fraction are mixed and filtered. The liquid filtrate produced is distilled for producing additional organic liquid product.

Abstract: Delayed petroleum coke is calcined in an internally-fired vertical shaft kiln. A downwardly-moving bed of green coke is preheated in the top of the kiln by rising combustion gases, then heat soaked at calcining temperatures in the intermediate section of the kiln, and finally cooled by recycle gas moving upwardly from the lower part of the kiln. Partially cooled calcined coke is recovered from the bottom of the kiln.

Abstract: A process is provided for minimizing the deposition of materials like naphthalene and tar in the ammonia liquor coolers of the primary cooler in a by-product recovery process for coking carbonaceous materials. The ammonia liquor coming from the primary cooler, wherein it is used to cool the coke oven gas, has added to it light oil before it reaches the ammonia liquor coolers, where it is cooled indirectly with water. The addition of the light oil keeps the naphthalene and tar in solution at the lower temperatures of the ammonia liquor coolers, thereby reducing or preventing the deposition of the naphthalene and tar in the ammonia liquor coolers.

Abstract: Crushed oil shale is segregated into a major portion of relatively large particles and a minor portion of "fines," such as will pass through 1/8-inch screen openings. The large particles are subjected to retorting in an upflowing bed in countercurrent contact with a downflowing hot eduction gas, while the fines are fed onto and controllably transported across the hot planar surface of a free-standing truncated cone of spent shale at the top of the retort.

Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor is operated by passing the waste products into a reactor provided with a heating unit; after completion of the pyrolysis passing the gaseous and vaporous products including suspended solids resulting from said pyrolysis into a partial oxidation zone wherein preheated air is added in an amount insufficient for complete combustion but sufficient to cause the exiting gas to have a temperature of at least 1000.degree., thereby causing decomposition of substantially all hydrocarbons present; then passing the partially oxidized gas through separate heat exchange means in contact, successively, with (1) the purified gas, (2) the air to be fed into the heating unit of the reactor and (3) with the air for said partial oxidation; then subjecting the partial oxidation gas to a purification; introducing air separately to said oxidation zone and heating means of the reactor; and passing the purified gas together with part of said added air into the heating unit of the reactor.

Abstract: In the multi-stage fluidized carbonization of coal to produce, oil, gas and char, oil containing vapors from the first stage are used as the fluidizing gas to dry the incoming coal feed. The oil vapor pressure of the fluidizing gas is maintained at a value under 10 mm. to prevent oil condensation in the fluidized drying vessel. The technique makes possible the recovery of sensible heat from the first stage overheads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for separating tar from gases leaking from the oven door of a coke oven. At least one gas extraction device is located at a point of leakage and is connected through a collection duct to an extractor fan for sucking the gases from the door. A means is provided for spraying hot ammonia liquor into the upstream portion of the collection duct and a means is provided for introducing saturated steam into the duct downstream of the ammonia spraying means.

Abstract: An improved method for producing calcined coke agglomerates having good stability including adjusting the fluidity of coals or blends of coals to within a range of 1300 DDPM and 3000 DDPM, mixing the coals or blends of coals with char and optionally topped tar in a rotating agglomerating drum and agglomerating the mixture at a temperature between 750.degree. F. and 875.degree. F. (399.degree. C.and 468.degree. C.) for a time to form partially coked green coal agglomerates generally spherical in shape and calcining the partially coked green coal agglomerates at a temperature between 1500.degree. F. and 2000.degree. F. (815.degree. C. and 1093.degree. C). The calcined coke agglomerates are characterized by having a stability of not less than 60%.

Abstract: Crushed oil shale is segregated into a major portion of relatively large particles and a minor portion of "fines" which will pass through screen openings up to about 1/4 inch in size. The large particles are subjected to retorting as an upflowing moving bed in countercurrent contact with downflowing hot eduction gas, while the fines are retorted by controlled distribution over the hot upper surface of the bed of retorted large particles.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting the flash pyrolysis of a primary material, particularly coal, and employing a secondary material, particularly hot char, as a heat source, comprising a rectangular slot for injection of a stream of particulate coal, which communicates with a substantially rectangular reactor or pyrolysis chamber. Wells are positioned on opposite sides of the pyrolysis chamber and in communication therewith, for introduction of fluidized secondary material, particularly hot char, into the pyrolysis chamber for admixture therein with and for heating the stream of primary material, such as coal. The pyrolysis chamber has a transition chamber, and a cylindrical separator chamber communicates with the transition chamber for receiving pyrolysis products. The separator chamber is provided with a tangential inlet, a solids outlet conduit positioned about 90.degree. around the circumference of the separator chamber from the tangential inlet, and a perforate gas receiver.

Abstract: Hot gases containing naphthalene and tar together with the possible inclusion of solids are contacted in a spray tower with water to cool the gases. A naphthalene extraction agent, such as tar, is vigorously admixed with water withdrawn from the spray tower. The admixture is separated in a settling tank from which water is obtained and recycled to the spray tower for cooling further quantities of gases. Solids, gas condensate and tar enriched with naphthalene are separately removed from the settling tank.

Abstract: A waste liquor treatment system comprising an evaporator in combination with a gas cooler, said evaporator providing fractional distillation of waste liquor, thereby separating the liquor into its several components of gaseous vapors, purified water and concentrated brine and said gas cooler providing thermal energy from its waste heat to run the evaporator. The evaporator consists of a boiler section, a condenser section, a vacuum pump, a liquor circulating pump and nozzles for extracting the products. The gas cooler may be one or two stage. In the one stage cooler, the hot liquor which condenses in the gas cooling process provides energy for the evaporator through means of a heat exchanger. In the two stage gas cooler, the hot liquor in the first stage is circulated directly to the boiler section of the evaporator. The hot liquor from the second stage is circulated through a separate heat exchanger.