Abstract: A process for preparing blast furnace cokes which contain large amounts of low-grade coal which comprises the steps of adding a binder to a coal for making briquettes which comprises a substantially low-grade coal such as non- and/or poorly-coking coal; either alone or when blended in an amount of up to about 40% or more with a charging coal; mixing the binder and the coal briquetting the mixture in a roll press to form briquettes of two or more types; blending the resulting briquettes of different types with a charging coal in a total amount of about 35% or more of the briquettes based on the charging coal and, to prepare a blended charging coal; and carbonizing the blended charging coal in a coke oven.

Abstract: Particulized coal is subjected to a series of processing operations to produce a formed coke product. Among the operations are a single stage heating process comprising both carbonizing and calcining operations or, alternatively, a heating process in which carbonizing alone or carbonizing and calcining are conducted in separate stages. At least the carbonizing operation is conducted in the absence of extraneous gas so that the valuable by-product gases driven off from the coal during heating are unadulterated; and the carbonizing operation is conducted with gradual heating in the single stage heating process.

Abstract: A coke oven system is provided having a coke oven preferably with pipeline charging for converting coal into coke. Carryover fines are collected from the coke oven and preferably a preheater therefor, and then agitated by agitator means and the collected carryover fines thereby agglomerated. Preferably, the carryover fines are first mixed with water to form an aqueous mixture, and then agglomerated. The agglomerated carryover fines are then preferably separated from the aqueous mixture by separated means. The agglomerated carryover fines are preferably conditioned in dryer means and recirculated to the coke oven preferably through a preheater.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke that is coke having pieces of substantially identical form using a heated shaft furnace comprises mixing fine coke with a caking coal and pressing the mixture at temperatures at which the mixture is plastic in order to form briquettes. The briquettes are permitted to harden and degasify and thereafter they are exposed to a high temperature after hardening for example to a temperature of from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C from 60 to 120 minutes. Thereafter the briquettes are cooled. A first mixing substance is prepared by permitting a fine coal to fall in a non-compressed stream in the shaft furnace while heat is transferred thereto substantially by radiation.

Abstract: Methods of conveying solid particles via an elongate tube from a supplying region at one pressure to a receiving region at a substantially different pressure. Movable sealing zones, comprising mixtures of solid particles and liquid, contact the inner wall of the tube and are carried along with the particles when forced by a ram from the tube into the receiving region. While the particles and sealing zones are being conveyed into the tube, a gate or an auger at the receiving region may substantially seal it from the tube. Typically the sealing zones are formed as thin disks or annular layers of fine coal particles and oil, where discrete coal charges are fed into a gasifier unit.

Abstract: Formcoke suitable for use in a blast furnace is made from a non-caking or weakly caking coal by converting the coal to an agglomeratable material consisting essentially of a blend of the entire product (without separation of extract and undissolved solids) obtained by solvent extraction of the coal in the presence of hydrogen and a suitable amount of hydrocarbonaceous solids. The agglomeratable material is agglomerated under low temperature carbonizing conditions and the agglomerates are thereafter calcined to produce strong formcoke.

Abstract: Low-sulfur and low-ash gaseous, liquid and solid fuels are made from coal by a process which first subjects the coal to solvent extraction and hydrotreatment under hydrodesulfurizing conditions in a coal liquefaction zone to reduce the organic sulfur content of the coal. The effluent is divided into a low-solids product which contains most of the extract and a high-solids product which contains most of the remaining inorganic sulfur and other mineral matter. The low-solids product stream which contains extract and solvent is subjected to a forming step to yield low-ash and low-sulfur pellets. The high-solids product stream is subjected to gasification to yield hydrogen for use in the liquefaction step. The process is particularly adapted to supply the energy needs of a steel plant, including the required coke.

Abstract: Lump fuels are continuously coked at a high temperature above 750.degree. C in a shaft oven with direct heating by a hot scavenging gas which is produced by a partial combustion of the coking gas and conducted through the shaft oven in a countercurrent to the lump fuel. A reactive carbonaceous material is added to the hot scavenging gas before it enters the high-temperature coking zone and reacts with the gasifying agents (carbon dioxide and water) contained therein before it is introduced into the shaft oven.

Abstract: In the production of reactive form coke of the sort described in Work et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,140,241, 3,140,242 and 3,184,293, where a low-temperature reactive coal calcinate is mixed with a binder and formed into shapes which are cured in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and then calcined, the use of high-temperature coke oven pitch as binder for the briquettes is made possible by adding to the calcinate, before mixing with the binder, at least about 3.0% by weight of water based on the weight of calcinate.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing briquettes from brown coal includes drying brown coal, which is preferably in fine granular form. The dried brown coal is then heated at a first rate up to a temperature in a range of from about 300.degree. to about 320.degree. C. The brown coal is subsequently heated at a second rate, which is less than the first rate, to a temperature in the range of from about 350.degree. to about 400.degree. C. The brown coal is thereafter pressed into briquettes.

Abstract: Carbonization of coal in travelling grate furnace with hot gas inlets below the grate. A refractory screen is provided above the grate to provide a flame propagation base for the volatile gases withdrawn from the coal on the grate. The combustion zone above the refractory screen provides radiant heat to vaporize volatiles present in the coal on the grate.The coal to be treated may be in the form of briquettes or an extruded slab. When an extruded slab of slurried coal is used the thermal shock on first entering the carbonization chamber results in the formation of carbon granules.