Abstract: A horizontal distillation system includes a series of collection tanks interconnected by condensing tubes. Each condensing tube has an ascending portion, a transition portion and a descending portion. Liquid which condenses from a multi-component vapor feed falls into the collection tanks. Each tank may include a heating element to heat or reboil the liquid collected in each tank. The last tank may include a cooling element to condense any remaining vapors.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for condensing moisture from an air stream. The apparatus is a heating, extracting and condensing system and method for efficiently recovering an ingredient from a raw material. The condenser is a housing having one or more fins or the like that are efficiently cooled by one or more thermoelectric coolers. A plurality of condensers can be arranged in series to improve efficiency.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the field of oil refining and the petrochemical industry. The proposed plant for the distillation of a liquid has a vacuum rectification column with pipes for feed of a stock product and for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase and at least one liquid fraction; and a vacuum-producing device composed of a liquid-gas jet apparatus, a separator, a pump and a condenser. The gas intake of the liquid-gas jet apparatus is connected to the pipeline for bleeding of a gas-vapor phase, the liquid intake of the jet apparatus is connected to the discharge side of the pump and the outlet of the jet apparatus is connected to the condenser's intake. The intake of the separator is connected to the condenser's outlet, the liquid outlet of the separator is connected to the suction side of the pump and the gas outlet of the separator is connected to consumers of compressed gas.

Abstract: A distillator has an outer casing, a boiling device disposed in the outer casing, a hot water box disposed in the outer casing, a cold water box disposed in the outer casing, a first faucet disposed on the hot water box, a second faucet disposed on the cold water box, a first vapor pipe connected to the boiling device and the hot water box, a second vapor pipe connected to the hot water box and the cold water box, a water pipe connected to the boiling device and the cold water box and passing through the hot water box, the water pipe inserted in the first vapor pipe and the second vapor pipe, a heating device disposed on the boiling device, and a heater disposed on the hot water box. A connection is disposed on an end of the water pipe and passes through the cold water box.

Abstract: A compact apparatus of the distillation of solvent from a mixture of the solvent with oil seed for the extraction thereof according to the invention, the primary module includes a vapor scrubber forming a vapor contactor, a main evaporator and a first condenser while the secondary module has an after evaporator combined in a unit with the stripping column and the second condenser.

Abstract: Distillation system having an evaporator/condenser core with heat transfer plates welded together along their edges to form alternate boiling and condensing chambers. Feed liquid is supplied to the boiling chambers through a pair of heat exchangers which preheats the liquid and a steam stripper utilizing ceramic pieces to remove gasses from the liquid. Vapor from the boiling chambers is compressed and delivered to the condensing chambers where it is condensed and gives up its heat to the liquid in the boiling chambers. Pumps positioned between the two heat exchangers draw the condensed product and unvaporized feed liquid containing dissolved solids from the evaporator/condenser and circulate them through the heat exchangers to transfer heat to the feed liquid.

Abstract: A distillation plant contains a column with packings as well as a vaporizer. The elements of the column are arranged along a vertical axis and assembled as a constructional unit. They are executed in such a manner that a slight pressure drop sets in during the operation of the plant between a sump and a head. At least two vaporizers are provided, namely a first vaporizer, which is arranged in or directly above the sump, and an intermediate vaporizer which is arranged above the first vaporizer and a lower packing section; and/or at least two liquefiers are provided, namely a first liquefier, which is arranged in the head of the column, and an intermediate liquefier, which is arranged below the first liquefier and an upper packing section.

Abstract: Distilling equipment including evaporation apparatus having a boiling chamber and equipment and conduits for supplying raw liquid to the boiling chamber, a plurality of cells with the first cell being connected to the top of the boiling chamber to receive gas therefrom and condense the gas by contact with cold recycled distillate from the first cell, with each stage having vertical vacuum producing bubble tubes through which distillate and gas bubbles pass downward to a collection chamber through the bubble tubes. Cell recycle conduits and pumps recycle fluid from collection chamber to condensing chamber. Distillate is drawn from the condensing chamber of the first cell only. Gas by-pass tubes connect the collecting chamber of a cell to the condensing chamber of the next cell and provide the only connection between the cells to sum the vacuum generated by each cell's bubble tubes.

Abstract: Contaminated glycol is refined by vacuum distillation. Specifically the evaporator is heated to a temperature below the degradation temperature of the glycol. The vacuum is used to bring the flashpoint down sufficiently so that glycol evaporates or flashes at that temperature. The glycol is condensed and filtered through activated granular carbon. The principal use of refining the glycol is to refine the triethylene glycol used in natural gas dehydration plants. For such purposes the equipment is mounted upon a trailer to be taken to the plant for cleaning glycol. In such instance, in addition to refining the glycol, a cleaning agent (which contains a degreaser) is added to the refined glycol. The glycol is refined while the natural gas dehydration plant is in normal operation and therefore it is not necessary to stop the natural gas dehydration plant for refining the glycol used therein.

Abstract: A solvent recovery system for an oil and grease test collects and condenses solvent vapors to recover solvent. A vessel having an inlet for sealingly receiving an outlet of a separatory funnel receives solvent from the separatory funnel. The solvent is filtered through a filter paper placed in a funnel integral with the vessel. The funnel has a lower tubular section protruding from the vessel. A vapor return tube, integral with the vessel, surrounds the tubular section providing an annular space between an inside wall of the vapor return tube and an outside wall of the tubular section. Filtrate flows downward through the funnel tubular section into an evaporation flask, where the solvent is heated and evaporated leaving an oil and grease residue. Solvent vapors flow upward through the annular space within the vapor return tube into the vessel. A condenser, integral with the vessel, receives and condenses the vapors forming a condensate that is collected in a solvent recovery flask.

Abstract: An improved drinking water apparatus is provided which utilizes a microcomputer to detect water level to automatically control water intake and heating. The apparatus includes a heating tank having a heater at the bottom side, a first cooling pipe at the top of the heating tank, a distilled water tank, and a second cooling pipe located at the top of the distilled water tank and connected to the first cooling pipe. The cooling pipes are each provided with a cooling fan for cooking the steam generated by boiling water into distilled water. The temperature of the distilled water is lowered to a degree suitable for drinking purposes.

Abstract: A vapor compression distillation apparatus includes a vessel for containing a liquid to be distilled and a heat exchanger of the shell and tube type immersed in the liquid. The heat exchanger has top and bottom manifolds and vertical tubes surrounded by a shell. Foraminous vortex-drag induction plates extend across the shell between adjacent rows of tubes for inducing turbulence in the vortices to provide a better heat transfer from vapor passing through the shell to liquid in the tubes. Baffles are provided at selected intervals across the shell, between adjacent rows of tubes to produce a sinuous flow path for the heating medium. Steam injecting sparging tubes extend along the lower manifold of the heat exchanger to inject steam bubbles into the liquid to be evaporated. This produces turbulence in the tubes of the heat exchanger, promotes a better flow through the tubes and scrubs the tube interiors.

Abstract: A device for processing water having high concentrations of scale forming compounds and high solids content in a high efficiency vapor compression distillation system wherein a plate-in-frame heat exchanger is submerged in a boiling solution contained in a boiler drum. An impeller in the drum continuously circulates the boiling solution through the heat exchanger at a velocity to prevent suspended solids from accumulating and to inhibit scale formation on the boiling surfaces of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: When waste liquid is concentrated using a radiant heat section and a heat absorbent section of a heat pump circuit, in the proper place of the heating region of the heat pump circuit, a detector for detecting the pressure and/or temperature of the heat transfer medium is provided, or a detector for detecting the value of an electric current flowing through or the amount of electric power consumed in a system which includes a compressor for the heat pump circuit, is provided, and by the provision of a control system which can halt the concentration operation when the detected value exceeds a set value, both with a liquid in which the concentration of the non-volatile component is low so that a comparatively long time is required for the concentration operation, and, conversely, with a liquid in which the concentration of the non-volatile component is high so that the concentration operation is completed in a comparatively short time, the concentration operation has good efficiency, and can always be halted at

Abstract: An integral system and method for the separation and purification in a single operation of a heat or oxygen-sensitive liquid feed, such as a plant derived liquid feed mixture of fatty acids, tocopherol compounds and sterols, into a low boiling point purified fraction of Vitamin E tocopherol compounds and a high boiling point concentrate fraction of triglycerides, which system can be maintained in the presence of an inert gas to provide reduced degradation and increased purity of the Vitamin E fraction. The system includes a pre-evaporator, a vapor-liquid separator, a packed bed distillation column, a rotary thin film evaporator and an evaporator-stripper.

Abstract: A boiler/condenser assembly for a high efficiency purification system including a plate-in-frame type heat exchanger wherein vertically extending common plate members are provided with corrugated faces having herringbone configurations constructed and arranged to provide a plurality of contact points where the condensing surfaces of adjacent common plate members defining a condensing chamber come into near or direct contact which serve as accumulation points for the liquid forming on the condensing surfaces of both common plate members. The accumulated liquid is caused to flow off the condensing surfaces in a plurality of diagonal liquid flow paths.

Abstract: Desalination of sea water is achieved using a solar pond that includes a halocline interposed between a convective upper wind mixed layer exposed to the ambient atmosphere, and a lower heat storage layer of hot, concentrated brine, Hot brine from the heat storage layer is flashed into steam which is condensed into desalted water using an indirect heat exchanger cooled by saline water. The latent heat of condensation of the steam warms the saline water and effects evaporation of water therefrom in the form of vapor. The last mentioned water vapor is condensed into desalted water using a two-stage condenser, the first stage of which is an indirect heat exchanger cooled by saline feed water which is heated as a result producing warmed saline feed water that constitutes the saline water used for condensing the steam produced by flashing the brine from the heat storage layer of the pond.

Abstract: An improved ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) system which includes a novel combined evaporator/condenser. The combined evaporator/condenser further includes a plurality of evaporator spouts and a mist eliminator, wherein the pressure is maintained across the plurality of evaporator spouts. The OTEC system also generates fresh water as a primary product and generates only enough electricity, as a secondary product, to operate the OTEC system itself.

Abstract: A method for recovering solvent vapor in a manner which requires less power using an apparatus which is smaller in size, has a longer life, and is capable of being operated without reducing recovering efficiency, including locating an inlet of a suction pipe at a position within the container between the liquid surface of the solvent and an upper edge of the container, wherein the opening of the suction pipe is open downward, and drawing the vapor from the upper surface of the solvent in the container.

Abstract: A plate-type distillation/condensation apparatus and a method of using same to separate at least two volatility-differing liquid or vapor components from a mixed fluid stream thereof are disclosed, wherein the apparatus contains at least one flow plate having formed on a common facial surface thereof at least one distillation/condensation chamber containing an inlet port for the mixed fluid stream; a primary flow channel in fluid communication with the inlet port; one heat exchange conduits, wherein (i) a first heat exchange conduit for a first cooling fluid is disposed in a first heat exchange contact with the primary flow channel sufficient to condense at least a portion of a first vapor component into a first condensate phase, or (ii) a first heat exchange conduit for a heating fluid is disposed in a second heat exchange contact with the primary flow channel sufficient to boil at least a portion of a first liquid component into a first vapor phase, and a second heat exchange conduit for a second cooling fl

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating chemical production plant process condensate such that a contaminant-rich stream and a relatively pure aqueous stream is separately recoverable from the condensate, wherein the contaminants are substantially removed from the condensate by steam stripping and subsequent rectification in a relatively low pressure stripping/rectification tower. The tower overhead is then condensed with a portion of the condensed overhead being returned to the top of the rectification section of the tower as reflux and the balance being withdrawn as a concentrated stream for reuse in the plant. In a second embodiment, separate stripping and rectification towers operate in series whereby the overhead of the stripping tower is delivered to the lower section of the rectification tower and the rectification bottoms are returned to the top of the stripping tower.

Abstract: Several embodiments of a fluid distillation system wherein each embodiment uses a primary container or chamber for water or fluid to be distilled and a secondary water container or chamber. The two chambers are adjacent to each other, and the secondary chamber cooperates with the primary chamber to direct water vapor generated in the system to travel to a reservoir for collection. The primary chamber has a heater therewithin near the upper surface of the water carried thereby. The heater is provided for generating water vapor from aerated water, whereby the water vapor when heated will pass out of water at the upper surface of the water and into fluid passages for flow to the reservoir. The secondary container or chamber has no heater but carries aerated water before the water moves out of the secondary container or chamber and into and downwardly along a passage which lead eventually to the reservoir.

Abstract: A pollution control apparatus (10) for controlling water-based liquid waste includes a vacuum distillation vessel (14) for separating water-based liquid waste into a distilled water component and a pumpable sludge component. A pH control system (12) allows the vacuum distillation vessel (14) to operate at maximum efficiency, and a purification system (22) allows the distilled water component to be purified to a level capable for reuse in chemistry, or else suitable for direct discharge into a municipal sewer. A microprocessor allows the apparatus (10) to operate automatically.

Abstract: A concentrator for reducing the volume of a mixture containing a solvent and various dissolved and/or undissolved solids includes a chamber adapted to receive the mixture and a heater coupled to the chamber for applying heat to the mixture within the chamber, the heat being provided at a temperature sufficient to vaporize the solvent. A condensing tower receives the vapors from the chamber and including a first stage and at least one second stage. A plurality of walls included in each of the first stage and the second stage of the tower direct the vapors along a torturous path including at least one reversal of direction in each of the stages. A coolant is provided to cool the second stage of the tower but not the first stage in order to facilitate condensation of the vapors in the second stage but not in the first stage of the tower. The coolant may include water in order to facilitate the processing of aqueous solutions.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating a photographic processing solution in which there are provided an evaporation chamber, a heater for heating the solution to generate a vapor in the evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber communicated to the evaporation chamber for recieving the vapor, a cooling device for cooling the vapor to generate a condensation, and an ejector for reducing the pressure in the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber. There is further provided a heat pump having a heat radiating portion used for the heater and a plurality of heat absorbing portions, one of which is used for the cooling device.

Abstract: A thermomechanically integrated distillation column and method for the separation of ethylene from ethane and other close-boiling light hydrocarbons. The column has a plurality of sections operated at successively lower pressures from a high pressure subcritical section to a superatmosphere bottoms product zone. Bottoms liquid from the high pressure and intermediate sections are flashed in respective cooling loops to about the pressure of the section of next lower pressure, vaporized in heat exchange with an overhead condensing zone and introduced to the top stage of next lower pressure section. Vapor from the intermediate sections and the bottoms product zone are compressed in respective compression loops and fed to the bottom stage of the section of the next higher pressure. External refrigerant can be supplied to the overhead condensing zone for trim as needed for control purposes.

Abstract: A device is mountable to the opening of a receptacle in which fumes are generated. The device includes a condensation chamber into which the fumes rise and are condensed. The condensed liquid flows back into the receptacle. A tube passing through the condensation chamber and is connectable to a source of suction which causes purging air to be circulated through the receptacle by drawing purging air into the receptacle through the condensation chamber and discharging the air through the tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the distillation of liquids which is particularly suited for the removal of soluble impurities and insoluble and non-volatile particles of 10 microns to 0.2 micron or less in size. A substantially elongated distillation chamber having walls equipped with axially disposed concentric boiling rings spaced from the walls near the bottom, and a packing stop, packing redirector rings for condensed vapor, and a reflux condenser in the upper part of the distillation chamber provide, during distillation, a smooth convective upward flow of distilling liquid and vapor proximate the walls and boiling rings and a smooth convective downward flow of distilling liquid and vapor substantially centrally of the distillation chamber.

Abstract: A circulation cooler (10) has a heat exchanger (12) in a housing (11) that contains a cooling liquid and is detachably connected by its forward flow (13) to an inlet line (5), and by its return line (14) to the outlet (6) of a condenser (4) of a distillation apparatus (1). The circulation cooler (10) moreover has a vacuum pump (21) inside its housing (11) and an absorber (28) outside its housing (11). A second condenser (24) is interposed along the cooling agent inlet line (13) between the circulation cooler (10) and the condenser (4) of the distillation apparatus (1), and is connected to a vacuum line (27). The cooling liquid (25) flows successively to the heat exchanger ( 12) through the two condensers (24, 4) , then back to the heat exchanger (12). In both condensers, which are under a vacuum through common vacuum line (26, 27) , the condensation of the liquid substances is effected in the form of main condensation and aftercondensation phases.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fluid distillation in general, and in particular, of water, adapted for consumer or home use, but capable of being made and operated so that it is suitable for separating solvents and solutes and other industrial use. The apparatus includes a housing having divider structure to form one or more compartments for receiving water to be distilled. The divider structure also presents a fluid passage for receiving water vapor which is formed when the upper portion of the water in the housing is boiled by a heater. An aerator is provided in the housing below the heater and in a location within the water compartment. The aerator operates to direct air under a slight pressure into the water so that air bubbles can be generated in the water. The air bubbles will rise and break the surface of the water as the upper part of the water is being boiled by the heater.

Abstract: A water distiller includes a raw water chamber for storing raw water, a main vaporization tank coupled with the raw water chamber for vaporizing raw water, a condensation device coupled with the main vaporization tank for condensing steam from the main vaporization tank, and a distilled water chamber communicated with the condensing conduit unit for accepting and storing distilled water. An auxiliary vaporization tank is communicated with the main vaporization tank and is mounted on the top end portion of the main vaporization tank. Each of the main and auxiliary vaporization tanks has a generally conical top wall which has a lower end portion that is provided with an annular water collecting groove formed in the inner surface thereof. Each of the water collecting grooves has a bottom wall which has a discharge opening formed therethrough.

Abstract: An installation for processing liquids having at least one vaporizer used for the process liquid, a condenser arranged downstream from this vaporizer, and a vacuum pump. Additionally, a gas-ring compressor, positioned in the exhaust pipe between the vaporizer and the condenser, presses the vapors from the process liquid through the condenser. The process liquid is vaporized in the vaporizer under a vacuum and the vapors are carried by an exhaust pipe that is connected to the vaporizer through the condenser to the vacuum pump. Also, the process liquid, which is used as the cooling liquid for the condenser, is heated in the condenser and then recycled to the vaporizer.

Abstract: Method for the production of ultrapure sulfuric acid including distillation of sulfuric acid material for the removal of soluble impurities and insoluble and non-volatile particles of 10 microns to 0.2 micron or less in size. Reprocessing is also provided. Distillation takes place in a distillation chamber having walls which are provided with means within the chamber to provide smooth convective upward flow of distilling liquid and vapor proximate the walls and means for smooth convective downward flow substantially centrally of the distillation chamber. Redirection means and packing together with reflux means insure the washing of rising vapor and direct the condensing vapor substantially centrally of the distillation chamber. Ultrapure sulfuric acid is also provided having 5 or less particles per cubic centimeter of a size of 0.5 micron and larger and less than 10 ppb of any specific trace impurity such as cations.

Abstract: Improved hydrocarbon vacuum distillation process wherein the process steps include introducing a feed which contains liquid hydrocarbons and vaporous hydrocarbons into an inlet section (3) of a distillation column (1) operating at a subatmospheric pressure, removing liquid from a bottom section (6) of the distillation column (1), allowing vapor to pass through three condensation sections (13b, 13a and 13) arranged above each other in the distillation column (1) between the inlet section (3) and a top section (8), removing vapor from the top section (8), spraying into each condensation section (13, 13a and 13b) cooled liquid, and removing liquid from each condensation section (13, 13a and 13b), wherein the cooled liquid which is sprayed into each condensation section (13, 13a and 13b) includes liquid removed from that condensation section (13, 13a and 13b), and wherein the cooled liquid which is sprayed in the uppermost condensation section (13) further includes liquid removed from the condensation sections (1

Abstract: An apparatus for fluid distillation in general, and in particular, or water, adapted for consumer or home use, but capable of being made and operated so that it is suitable for separating solvents and solutes and other industrial use. The apparatus includes a housing having divider structure to form one or more compartments for receiving water to be distilled. The divider structure also presents a fluid passage for receiving water vapor which is formed when the upper portion of the water in the housing is boiled by a heater. An aerator is provided in the housing below the heater and in a location within the water compartment. The aerator operates to direct air under a slight pressure into the water so that air bubbles can be generated in the water. The air bubbles will rise and break the surface of the water as the upper part of the water is being boiled by the heater.

Abstract: A volatile solvent conservation modular unit and method for effecting solvent conservation is provided. The cooling coil modular unit is arranged to be disposed in the freeboard zone of a cleaning or degreasing apparatus that uses a volatile solvent. The freeboard zone chiller positioned above the vapor zone and the primary condenser to recover solvent from the relatively less dense solvent/air mixture escaping above the primary condenser and is formed so as to be disposed along one side of the degreaser vessel rather than on all four sides to minimize the obstruction of access into the vapor zone. This one-sided single freeboard chiller positioned on but one side produces a vapor suppression blanket that is effective and is readily retrofitted on existing apparatus without the need for dismantling of the existing unit.

Abstract: The invention is a system for removing volitile hydrocarbon contaminates from both water and moisture-ladened air. In detail the invention comprises a stripping system preferably a steam stripping system, for mixing the contaminated water with steam, at below atmospheric pressure, providing clean water for reuse and contaminated steam and vaporized hydrocarbon contaminates. A first condenser receives the contaminated steam and vaporized hydrocarbon contaminates and condenses, at below atmospheric pressure, a portion of the vaporized contaminates and a portion of the contaminated steam into contaminate water. A second condenser thereafter further condenses the steam and hydrocarbon vapor.

Abstract: A liquid mixture is separated by pervaporation in an apparatus formed by a unitary stack of upright rectangular plates, diaphragms, and seals held together by tie rods. Each of the plates is formed with two upper and two lower corners formed with respective holes and each plate is formed inward of the respective holes with a corrugated central portion and the holes of the plates are aligned horizontally. Each diaphragm is sandwiched between two plates to form a cell having a pair of compartments separated by the respective diaphragm. The seals are arranged in the upstream region of the stack such that the liquid mixture enters one of the lower holes, passes downstream along the upstream portion into one of the compartments of each cell, and its lighter fraction passes as vapor through the diaphragms into the other compartments of these cells while its heavier fraction passes back upstream and exits the apparatus from one of the upper holes.

Abstract: The invention is a system for removing volatile hydrocarbon contaminates from both water and moisture-ladened air. In detail the invention comprises a steam stripping system for mixing the contaminated water with steam, at below atmospheric pressure, providing clean water for reuse and contaminated steam and vaporized hydrocarbon contaminates. A first condenser receives the contaminated steam and vaporized hydrocarbon contaminates and condenses, at below atmospheric pressure, a portion of the vaporized contaminates and a portion of the contaminated steam into contaminate water. A second condenser thereafter further condenses the steam and hydrocarbon vapor.

Abstract: A method of and system for recovering a solvent from a mixture of solvent and hydrocarbons, the system comprising at least two evaporation flasks successively fed with a charge consisting of said mixture to be separated, at least one steam generator performing the condensation of the solvent, a circuit for conveying the evaporated solvent and connecting the flasks to the generator and a circuit of an intermediate fluid in gaseous phase including a compressor for raising the condensation temperature of this fluid, the latter circuit connecting the generator to heat exchangers arranged upstream of each flask.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for the repurification of ultrapure liquids. An oxidant solution comprising ultrapure sulfuric acid, peroxydisulfuric acid, and ultrapure water is continuously withdrawn from a process after use. The withdrawn oxidant is reprocessed continuously by contacting with alumina to remove fluoride ions. Water is continuously separated or stripped from the oxidant solution by heating the solution and bubbling an inert gas therethrough causing the water to vaporize from the solution. The separated oxidant is continuously distilled and condensed to form a purified stream of sulfuric acid. The major portion of this stream is continuously returned to the process. The remaining minor portion is continuously cooled, subjected to analysis for purity, and diluted with ultrapure water. The diluted sulfuric acid is further cooled prior to electrochemical treatment in the anode compartment of an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A laboratory apparatus for continuously producing high purity distilled water includes a distillation flask, a carboy and condenser unit. A double walled microwave oven with a spacing between the walls, large enough to accommodate piping and valving means for controlling the flow of water to the distillation flask. The microwave oven supplies the heat to the system.

Abstract: A distillation system and process for removing vaporizable components from an aqueous medium including a distillation column for receiving an aqueous medium containing vaporizable components and passing steam through the column such that the steam directly contacts the aqueous medium to vaporize at least a portion of the components, a condenser in a communication with the column to condense at least a portion of the vapor in the column, a separator in communication with the condenser to separate flash vapor from liquid condensate in the separator and a thermal compressor in communication with the separator and the column to remove vapor from the separator and to inject exhaust steam from the thermal compressor into the column.

Abstract: Distilling equipment comprising evaporation apparatus (2) including a boiling chamber (6) and equipment and conduits (46-59, 62, 63, 65-71) for supplying raw liquid to the boiling chamber at a predetermined level (43), a plurality of serial condensation stages (10, 20, 30), the first stage (10) connected to the top (7) of the boiling chamber (6) to receive gas therefrom and condense the gas by contact with cold recycled distillate from the final condensation stage (30), each stage having vertical vacuum producing bubble tubes (15, 25, 35) through which distillate and gas bubble (17) pass downward to a collection vessel (16, 26), gas carrier tubes (19, 29) which carry gas from each collection vessel (16, 26) to the condensation chamber (21, 31) of the following stage, and pump (41, 42) in cooperating conduits (18, 22, 28, 32) for pumping distillate free of gas from each collection chamber (16, 26) to the condensation chamber (21, 31) of the following stage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of regenerating an alcohol-based antifreezing liquid, and more particularly to a method of concentrating and regenerating an alcohol-based antifreezing liquid diluted through water absorption by removing water therefrom.The antifreezing liquid containing water is introduced into an evaporation vessel. The liquid is then heated to a temperature at which components other than alcohol of the liquid are unlikely to be affected in their properties while air is fed thereinto. Thus alcohol and water vapors are generated. These vapors are first cooled to a temperature at which only water is condensed. After water is removed, cooling is effected at a lower temperature. At this stage, the alcohol vapor is condensed, and thus concentrated alcohol, almost water-free, is collected.The alcohol thus collected and nonfreezing and high boiling-point components other than alcohol in the evaporation vessel are again mixed into a concentrated antifreezing liquid.

Abstract: A system for diaphragm distillation of a liquid, for example for desalination of salt water, comprising a diaphragm, through which vapor, but not liquid can pass, and a condensation surface for condensing vapor having passed through the diaphragm, and necessary passageways. According to the invention, the system comprises one or several units, each of which comprises a plurality of pipes located one within the other, viz. a first (1) inner pipe, a second (2) pipe located outside thereof and consisting of a diaphragm of the aforesaid kind, and a third (3) pipe located outside the second (2) pipe, which first (1) and third (3) pipes are of a gas-tight material, that said unit is surrounded by a fourth (4) gas-tight pipe, where a first (5) passageway is formed by the first (1) pipe and a second (6), a third (7) and a fourth (8) passageway are formed between said pipes (1,2;2,3;3,4) in successive order in the direction from the inside outward.

Abstract: A process for purifying impure water, e.g. heavy water, which provides for the removal of dissolved inorganic and organic contaminants by distillation of the water and washed vapor withdrawal, and optional chemical pretreatment of oxidazable matter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry cleaning apparatus in which a main portion of a dry cleaner comprises tanks for exclusively receiving at least two kinds of solvents which are soluble in each other, one treating tank and a fractionating device for recovering the two or more kinds of solvents by batch distillation, exclusive filters for the respective solvents comprising, a common filter or a multi-filter device composed of both the filters, and the two or more kinds of solvents are used independently so that washing is carried out.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the degassing, dehydrating and lower boiling component separation during straight-run distillation of crude fatty acids. The crude fatty acids are degassed in the degassing stage at such temperatures and pressures in counter current flow with stripping steam that no appreciable dehydration or lower boiling component separation takes place at this stage, then the degassed crude fatty acid is then led to a precut column for dehydration and lower boiling component separation, whereby the falling film concentrator column operates as a partial condensation stage for the creation of the reflux of the fatty acids, which is necessary for the lower boiling component separation, and that the easily boiling component evaporates almost completely in the precut column and is led off from the precut column in vapor form, together with the water.

Abstract: A process for the condensation of a volatile-rich vapor stream produced by a stripping operation from a vegetable or fruit product or the extract thereof, which comprises the steps of:(i) condensing a major proportion of the water present in the vapor stream using a surface condenser with water as a coolant;(ii) subjecting the condensate of step (i) to further cooling in a heat-exchanger using water at a lower temperature than that of step (i) as the coolant; and(iii) contacting the cooled condensate from step (ii) with the vapor stream issuing from the condenser of step (i) in a countercurrent absorption column.The process is particularly applicable to the condensation of a volatile-rich water vapor stream containing coffee volatiles.