Abstract: The present invention reduces the energy required to distill fluids (water, light crude, etc.) and operate electric and/or power generate steam turbines through a process of encapsulating these systems in reduced atmospheric temperature environments. This invention includes both the innovative process of operating existing distillers and turbines in a vacuum, and introduces an energy free process for drawing the vacuum the systems operate in.

Abstract: A distillation column and method in which a plurality of beds of structured packing are provided within a column shell and are configured to contact liquid and vapor phases of the mixture to be distilled. At least one liquid redistributor is located between the beds of structured packing to redistribute the liquid of the liquid phase and an annular collector is located above the liquid distributor to direct liquid to the liquid distributor. The annular collector acs as a constriction to produce a central flow of the vapor phase which can result in decreased performance of overlying beds of structured packing. In order to overcome this potential problem, a truncated bed of structured packing is provided directly above the annular collector to promote a more uniform distribution of such central vapor flow in a transverse direction of the column shell.

Abstract: An evaporative process employing an undulating flexible membrane (4) as an evaporative surface onto which a vaporizing gas (2) such as, but not limited to, air, contacts a liquid solution (1, 5) such as, but not limited to, water, and evaporation occurs. The membrane (4) is supported (3) with sufficient laxity to permit wavelike undulating motion of the membrane brought about primarily by the evaporative airflow (2) itself. The differential flexing and motion of the undulating membrane (4) results in a breaking and peeling away of any normally fouling scaling or plugging solids which have precipitated or accumulated on the membrane surface (4). The undulation of the flexible membrane (4) thereby providing a self cleaning action. The self cleaning action of the membrane (4) assures successful application to evaporative processes with solutions (1, 5) which are prone to scaling, fouling, plugging or solutes buildup.

Abstract: A process for preparing high-purity phytantriol, that includes rectifying the phytantriol which is obtained and is contaminated with lower and/or higher boiling byproducts under medium vacuum in rectification columns containing metal cloth packings with ordered structure using channel liquid distributors with a minimum of 500 drip points/m2, which are arranged at an angle of 90° to the cloth layers of the packing elements located directly below the distributors, in which 2 or more of the packing elements underneath the liquid distributors have only a small height, which ensure absolute exclusion of air and a strictly adiabatic procedure. The preparation of high-purity phytantriol takes place particularly advantageously when the phytantriol which is contaminated with byproducts is a phytantriol which has been obtained by reacting isophytol with performic acid and subsequently hydrolyzing the product formed in the reaction with alkaline agents in a manner known per se.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, and an apparatus, for forming a prescribed concentration of a substance in a mixture with a fluid, from a comparatively dilute mixture. The mixture is most preferably a solution of a solute in a solvent. The following summary and description generally discuss the invention in terms of a particularly preferred solution and a preferred use for that solution; however, in its broadest embodiments, the invention encompasses both the use for other solutions, and the use for a suspension of a solid substance in a fluid to form a mixture (which can also be referred to as a slurry). The invention provides for significant economic, safety and quality benefits over conventional evaporative systems.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solar still having a hollow, porous absorber body (8), body positioning means (9) to expose the absorber body to solar radiation, feed means (13) to introduce feed liquid into the absorber body, condenser means (14) composed of non-porous material that is substantially transparent to solar radiation, the condenser (14) substantially enveloping the absorber body (8), flow control means (19) to regulate the rate of flow of feed liquid into the absorber body (8), and harvesting means (23) for the removal of distillate from the condenser means (14).

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of distillation uses a high temperature thermoelectric device to heat a liquid, such as water to vapor (steam) and cool the vapor to a purified, distilled liquid. Distillation system has no moving parts, thereby increasing reliability while reducing noise and maintenance. Liquid in a container has a heating section on the container extending into it to boil it into a vapor that is fed to a condenser section disposed on the container adjacent to the heating section. A thermoelectric section provided with a Peltier effect device is interposed between the heating section and condenser section. The Peltier effect device has one side in contiguous contact with the condenser to transfer heat from it and another side is in contiguous contact with the heating section to transfer heat to it to boil the liquid into the vapor and feed the vapor through the condenser that condenses it into distilled liquid.

Abstract: An improved apparatus useful in a process for separating a liquid stream (which can be an HF catalyst mixture) having a first liquid component (which can be HF), a second liquid component (which can be light ASO) and a third liquid component (which can be heavy ASO) is disclosed. The apparatus includes a closed vessel including an upper portion, a lower portion, and an intermediate portion, and above a bottom tray contained therein having a downcomer extending downwardly therefrom. The apparatus also includes a conduit located within the downcomer and opening below the level of the bottom tray.

Abstract: A continuous vacuum pan includes a cylindrical housing having a vertical axis, at least one liquid heating pan within the housing, and a vertical tube, floating calandria within the liquid heating pan. The vertical tube floating calandria has a downcomer between its periphery and the periphery of the liquid heating pan, and a gap is provided between the bottom of the calandria and the bottom of the liquid heating pan. Radially extending baffles in the liquid heating pan define a plurality of compartments located in series with one another, the compartments ranging from a first upstream compartment to a downstream output compartment. Ports are provided in all of the baffles except in the baffle between the output compartment and the first compartment. The ports are spaced from the bottom of the liquid heating pan, permitting communication between the compartments.

Abstract: Although water covers three-fourths of the earth's surface, it is unevenly distributed throughout. In some places, the demand for water exceeds the supply. There are several hundred desalination plants in the world, but it is very costly to produce fresh water. The Modular Clear Roof and Dark Basin Solar Still is a low-cost way to produce fresh water. The multiple modular roofs made of glass and/or clear plastic acts like a greenhouse. The sun shines through the roof creating heat. The salt water evaporates and condenses to make fresh water. This fresh water is collected in the half-pipes. Through a gravity flow, this water is collected in a water tank. This is feasible and effective in areas where the demand for water is high, especially in the equatorial or desert area.

Abstract: A purification tower for purifying liquid by contacting the liquid with gas, the purification tower including: (a) a shell; and (b) a plurality of baffles, each of which is fixed to an internal surface of the shell, (i) said each baffle having a flat upper surface and a plurality of openings are formed in each of the baffle so that the liquid and the gas pass through the openings; (ii) any adjacent pair of the baffles are arranged so that a bottom of the shell is covered by the pair of the baffles viewing in an longitudinal direction of the shell. The present invention thus configured can provide a process and an apparatus for the purification of even an organic compound containing a readily-blocking substances, which are capable of continuously purifying such an organic substance over the long time without discontinuing operations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating dibutenes into an n-octene-containing fraction and a dimethylhexene-containing fraction. The fractions can be processed further separately to the corresponding C9 carboxylic acids and C9 alcohols (isononanols). Successor products of the C9 carboxylic acids include, for example, vinyl esters. Successor products of the C9 alcohols include plasticizers.

Abstract: A distillation unit (10) employs a rotary heat exchanger (32) forming a multiplicity of evaporation chambers (56) into which a liquid to be purified is sprayed for evaporation. Spray arms (58) spray at a steady rate into all of the evaporation chambers (56) simultaneously but not at a rate that is adequate to maintain the wetting required for efficient transfer of heat to the liquid. A scanning sprayer (140) supplements this steady spray with spray from nozzles (142 and 144) into only a few of the evaporation chambers at a time, visiting all of them cyclically. The overall rate of spray from the two sources thus combined to spray the chamber cyclically maintains proper wetting even though on average it is lower than the rate that would be required of a constant-rate spray into all of the evaporation chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus for the desalination or purification of water comprises a non-solid vessel (3) having a bottom defining an opening, the vessel (3) capable of being partially submerged below the surface of a body of water, a pan (5) located within the vessel (3), the pan (5) being flexibly connected to the inner wall of the vessel (3) and being located beneath the surface of the water (13), a lens fixably connected to the top of the vessel (3), wherein the lens is focused beneath the surface of the water (13) and above the surface of the pan (5) means for varying the orientation of the vessel (3) in accordance with the location of the sun, and means for condensing steam generated in the non-solid vessel (3), whereby steam generated in the non-solid vessel (3) is condensed outside of the non-solid vessel (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device at distillers adapted to distil solvents for recovery of pure solvent from impure solvent, said solvent (2) being used e.g. for washing away residues of paint from spray guns. The distiller (1) comprises an outer container (5) with a boiling chamber (8) which at the top has an opening (9) which can be tightly closed by means of a cover (10) and a flexible inner container (13) is provided in the boiling chamber (8), said flexible inner container (13) containing impure solvent (2) to be distilled. A pipe means (20) is placed beside the flexible inner container (13) in order to allow solvent steam (7a), which is generated by boiling solvent in a lower space (19) beneath the flexible inner container (13), to pass from said lower space (19) into an upper space (16) having an outlet (17) and located above the flexible inner container (13) for preventing said solvent steam (7a) from lifting the flexible inner container (13) in the boiling chamber (8).

Abstract: Phenol is separated from a mixture containing hydroxyacetone, cumene, water and phenol, by fractionating the mixture in a process with a fractional distillation step and a phase separation step to provide a single phenol fraction containing less than 300 ppm of hydroxyacetone. In the work-up by distillation of cleavage product mixtures, the hydroxyacetone can be removed from the cleavage product mixture together with a phenol fraction from which the hydroxyacetone has to be removed. A process can be used for purifying cleavage product mixtures obtained in the cleavage of alkylaryl hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide. The process allows separation of phenol and acetone from mixtures obtained in the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide.

Abstract: Method for extracting an ingredient from plant, animal or mineral by heating water to create a vapor, contacting the ingredient under a state of decompression with the vapor, condensing the vapor by passing the vapor over one or more surfaces cooled by a thermoelectric cooler, and collecting the condensate.

Abstract: Pertaining mainly to the field of the petrochemical industry the method essentially includes delivery of a motive liquid into a liquid-gas ejector from a separator by a pump, feeding a liquid-gas mixture obtained in the ejector into the separator, cooling of the motive liquid with simultaneous heating of a circulating portion of a distillation residual while the motive liquid is pumped through a heat-exchanger/heater by the pump, and maintaining such an operational mode while the temperature of mediums in the separator is higher than the temperature of the motive liquid at the nozzle inlet of the ejector, where the latter is higher than the temperature of the distillation residual at the point of discharge from a rectification column and the temperature of a gas-vapor phase at the gas inlet of the ejector is lower than the temperature of the distillation residual at the point of discharge from the column.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distilling water using solar energy. A distilling apparatus employs anthracite coal as the heat absorbing medium. The materials used in the apparatus are restricted substantially to glass, coal, silicone and a noble metal such as stainless steel to increase longevity and water quality. To produce and maintain optimum health, water treated according to the invention should make up the bulk of a person's daily water intake, exclusive of the water that is contained in foods and beverages, and the water should be ingested within 7 days of the time it was evaporated.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus and method utilizing solar energy provided with a solar heat collector for heating a heating medium with solar energy, a heat exchanger cooperating with an evaporation can so as to subject the heating medium and raw water in the evaporation can to heat exchange and generate water vapor therein, a condenser cooperating with a raw water tank so as to receive the vapor from the evaporation can, cool the vapor by subjecting the vapor and raw water in the raw water tank to heat exchange and obtain distilled water.

Abstract: An organic isocyanate or mixture of isocyanates is treated with at least one high molecular weight ester of phosphoric acid corresponding to a specified formula to remove chlorine compounds. The isocyanates which are purified in this manner are useful for the production of coatings, polyurethane moldings and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: A water distiller comprises a sub-atmospheric boiler having a non-recirculating brine section, an input, a brine output and a vapor output, the input for water to be distilled, the brine output for brine, and the vapor output for water vapor, a compressor connected to the vapor output for heating the water vapor, and an heated vapor line connected to an output of the compressor, the heated vapor line heating the brine section. Also provided is a method for distilling water comprising the steps of entering water to be distilled into a sub-atmospheric boiler, a part of the water to be distilled boiling immediately and a part entering a brine section of the boiler; raising a temperature of water vapor exiting the boiler so as to form a heated water vapor; passing the heated water vapor by the brine section so as to heat the brine section; and removing brine from the brine section when the brine reaches a predetermined salinity.

Abstract: A horizontal distillation system includes a series of collection tanks interconnected by condensing tubes. Each condensing tube has an ascending portion, a transition portion and a descending portion. Liquid which condenses from a multi-component vapor feed falls into the collection tanks. Each tank may include a heating element to heat or reboil the liquid collected in each tank. The last tank may include a cooling element to condense any remaining vapors.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for condensing moisture from an air stream. The apparatus is a heating, extracting and condensing system and method for efficiently recovering an ingredient from a raw material. The condenser is a housing having one or more fins or the like that are efficiently cooled by one or more thermoelectric coolers. A plurality of condensers can be arranged in series to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A method and system for handling foul condensate containing Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) in a cellulose pulp mill has enhanced energy efficiency and lower cooling water usage, while complying with the Cluster Rules and other environmental regulations. The condensate is fed countercurrently to stripping vapor in the stripping column to produce a HAPs vapor and a clean condensate. Part of the clean condensate is fed from the stripping column reboiler, and the HAPs-rich vapor is directed to the reboiler to at least partially condense while vaporizing the clean condensate into the clean vapor (stripping vapor). The pressure of the stripping vapor is increased, such as utilizing a steam ejector, to about 0.1-30 psig and then is used as the stripping vapor in the stripping column. The non-condensed HAPs-rich vapor is fed to an external condenser, and the dirty condensate from the external condenser and the dirty condensate from the reboiler, are returned to the stripping column.

Abstract: An improved continuous process and apparatus for treating an impure liquid to produce purified liquid, particularly, water, the process having an electrically activating a thermoelectric module to provide a first heated surface and a cooler surface; feeding the impure liquid to the first heated surface to produce vapour of the liquid; and transferring the vapour to the cooler surface to effect heat transfer to the cooler surface, the improvement being directing a minor portion of the vapour to the cooler surface to maintain the cooler surface at a temperature at or near the boiling point of the liquid; and transferring a major portion of the vapour to a condenser remote from the module to effect heat transfer and condensation of the vapour to produce the purified liquid and collecting the purified liquid from the condenser. The process is continuous in that it does not need to be intermittently stopped, or require auxiliary cooling of the module.

Abstract: In the purification of an easily polymerizable compound such as (meth)acrylic acid by the use of a purification column adapted to withdraw a liquid from the middle portion of the column, a novel liquid withdrawing tray adapted to prevent the compound from polymerization effectively and permit the purification to be stably performed for a long time, a purification column using this tray, and a method for purifications using this purification column are provided. The liquid withdrawing tray for the purification column is composed of a liquid receiving plate and a liquid withdrawing tube for withdrawing the liquid from the liquid receiving plate.

Abstract: An evaporation product discharged from a lower end a falling-film evaporator (1, 2) enters a downpipe (7), makes a 180° turn at a bottom of the downpipe, and moves upward through an annular rising channel (9) defined between the downpipe and an intermediate housing (10). As the evaporation product moves along a spiral path (12) defined by the spiral fins, centrifugal forces urges water droplets and impurities to a radial outward periphery where they pass through openings (13) in the intermediate shell as pure steam continues through the spiral path and out a pure steam outlet (21). A cooling jacket (15) chills a peripheral wall of an outer shell (14) adjacent the holes such that the discharged water droplets condense on the outer shell and flow down a reject water return path to a reject water reservoir at the bottom of the outer shell.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the alcohol processing industry and relates to a method that includes feeding a mixture into a distillation column which is fitted with contact devices for discharging the vapors through the top of said column. This method further includes boiling a bottom product and supplying the vapor thus formed back into the column. A part of the vapor to be processed using one of said contact devices is then fed back into the vapor flow or liquid flow towards one at least of said devices located upstream relative to the flow direction. In another or the same embodiment, a part of the vapor is fed back into the liquid flow under the level thereof and towards the same contact device in a place that is located upstream from its discharge relative to the flow direction of said vapor. The vapor feedback is preformed without complete condensation thereof.

Abstract: A distiller control circuit includes a power bus including first and second lines and a fan circuit connected across the lines and including a fan motor and a fan thermostat in series. There is also a heater circuit connected across the lines and including a heater and a heater thermostat in series. The fan thermostat is normally open, closes at an elevated temperature and automatically re-opens when the temperature subsides. The heater thermostat is normally closed, opens at an elevated temperature and must be manually reset to the closed position. The raw water vessel has a reset mechanism with a pivot-mounted bar and a contact surface on the bar. When the contact surface is depressed, the bar is urged to the second position for resetting the heater thermostat. The heater circuit terminates in a two-stud male connector and the platform has a two-slot female connector. The studs slide into electrically-conductive engagement with the slots when the raw water vessel is inserted into the condensing platform.

Abstract: In a centrifugal evaporator for evaporating a mixture of liquids having different volabilities and specific gravities, the mixture being contained in a test tube 14 pivotally mounted on a rotatable support arm 12 in a sealable vacuum chamber 16, the support arm is rotated up to a speed of the order of 2000 rpm before evaporation of the more volatile component occurs, and only then is the chamber progressively evacuated. The motor is preferably a three-phase induction motor connected to the electric supply in a frequency convertor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for manufacturing a concentrated residue from a photopolymer fluid which includes photopolymer and photopolymer solvent. The photopolymer fluid may be derived by chemically etching a photopolymer layer of a printing plate with a solvent. The process includes distilling the photopolymer fluid to recover the solvent and concentrate the photopolymer fluid to form a concentrated photopolymer residue, and mixing a flash-point-increasing agent with the concentrated photopolymer residue in an amount sufficient to raise the flash point temperature of the concentrated photopolymer residue to a pre-selected temperature to form the concentrated residue. The flash-point-increasing agent may be mixed with the waste photopolymer fluid prior, during, or after distillation. Also, the flash-point-increasing agent includes oils, such as paraffinic and naphthenic oils and a blend thereof.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus includes a column body; a partition for dividing the interior of the column body; a first distillation section composed of an enriching section and an exhaust section; a second distillation section composed of an enriching section formed above an upper end of the first distillation section, and an exhaust section located adjacent to the enriching section of the first distillation section; a third distillation section composed of an enriching section located adjacent to the exhaust section of the first distillation section, and an exhaust section formed below a lower end of the first distillation section; a condenser; a negative pressure generation system for generating a negative pressure to thereby withdraw vent gas; a gas cooler for cooling the vent gas; a first discharge system disposed at the side of the column body and adapted to discharge liquid rich in a medium-boiling-point component formed from a high-melting-point material; and a second discharge system disposed at the botto

Abstract: The invention essentially relates to a method for vacuum distillation of liquids that includes feeding a polar liquid into a vacuum-producing liquid-gas jet apparatus as a motive liquid if evacuation of a nonpolar gas-vapor medium is to be effected. Further, the method includes condensing the nonpolar gas-vapor medium, forming a gas-liquid mixture, disengaging a gaseous phase from the mixture, forming a liquid emulsion containing the polar liquid and a nonpolar condensate, separating the emulsion into continuous layers, withdrawing the nonpolar condensate and recycling the polar liquid by pumping it back into the liquid-gas jet apparatus. A nonpolar liquid is to be used as the motive liquid of the liquid-gas jet apparatus if evacuation of a polar gas-vapor medium is required. There is another variant of the method applicable when an evacuated gas-vapor medium contains both polar and nonpolar components.

Abstract: In a dividing wall column comprising as segments

Abstract: A system and method for managing the storage of files within an HSM system incorporate an architecture and methodology that facilitate the storage and retrieval of large image files as part of an overall image processing workflow. In particular, the system and method may find ready application in a workflow that involves the processing of groups of images associated with particular customers, projects, or transactions, and may act as a storage server for a client application that implements the workflow. The system and method may be useful, for example, in handling the storage of images uploaded from scanned photographic film, or digital images submitted to a photo-processing shop by amateur or professional photographers. In this case, the client application can be a photo-processing application that could provide for various media formats, sizes, and quantities of image reproductions for a consumer.

Abstract: For a process for producing high-purity liquids, particularly liquid chemicals, by distillation it is proposed that the liquid to be purified (1) is heated by microwave radiation (5) preferably in the uppermost layers.

Abstract: This invention resides in providing a method for the prevention of possible polymerization of the easily polymerizable substance during the purification thereof by a column provided with (a) at least one tray directly fixed to a support ring with a bolt and a nut and/or (b) at least one tray fixed to a support ring with a vertical clamp or a distillation column provided in the lower part thereof with a splash collision plate.

Abstract: For a process for producing high-purity liquids, particularly liquid chemicals, by distillation it is proposed that the liquid to be purified (1) is heated by microwave radiation (5) preferably in the uppermost layers. To implement this process a device with a liquid container (3), with a heat source (5) acting on the liquid container and with a condensation device (8, 9) connected to the liquid container is proposed, which is distinguished in that the heat source (5) in the form of a microwave radiation source is arranged above the liquid to be purified (1) in such a way that preferably the uppermost layers of the liquid (1) are heated.

Abstract: A vacuum type distilling system includes a sealed container including a vaporization chamber for containing a liquid and a condensation chamber, a pressure-reducing device, a condensing device, a heating device, and a vapor-collecting device including a floating piston for separating liquid and vapor and a guide tube for guiding vapor generated in the vaporization chamber into the condensation chamber. Liquid to be distilled is filled into the vaporization chamber and the pressure of the sealed container is reduced such that the boiling point of the liquid in the vaporization chamber is lowered. The heating device heats and thus vaporizes the liquid in the vaporization chamber into vapor which is immediately conveyed into the condensation chamber where vapor is condensed into distilled liquid by a condensing tube of the condensing device that is mounted in the condensation chamber.

Abstract: A method that employs a dilute solution, such as a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution, and concentrates the dilute solution to a yield a concentrated solution. A concentrated solution prepared by the method of the invention is useful as a rocket fuel, a laser fuel and industrial and laboratory chemical reagents.

Abstract: A liquid distiller. The distiller includes a main body having a main housing inside which water is heated to generate steam. The steam is passed through a condenser. A fan is positioned inside the distiller to supply cool air to the condenser. A water output is defined in the main body. Air inlets are defined in a outer periphery of the main housing. An upper lid is mounted on top of the main body and includes an air outlet in an upper side thereof so as to guide air which has passed around the condenser to dissipate out of the main body. An air guide is securely mounted between the upper lid and the main body. The air guides includes a disc with a central opening, an upper tubular member projecting upwardly from an upper side of the disc and having a first through hole communicating with the central opening of the disc, and a lower tubular member projecting downwardly from an underside of the disc and having a second through hole communicating with the central opening of the disc.

Abstract: Essence of the invention is a: a liquid, whose saturated vapour pressure is not less than the pressure at the top of a rectification column, is delivered into the nozzle of a liquid-gas jet apparatus as a motive liquid; the pressure maintained in a separator represents from 1.1 to 160 times the pressure of a vapor phase at the inlet of the liquid-gas jet apparatus; condensation of easy-condensable components of the vapor phase in the motive liquid and forming of a liquid-vapor mixture take place after mixing of the vapor phase with the motive liquid; the liquid-vapor mixture is separated in the separator into a compressed gaseous component and a liquid medium. The introduced method results in an increase in efficiency of a pumping-ejector system for the distillation of a liquid product.

Abstract: A water purification and/or desalination plant for producing drinking water from a polluted water source or sea water with the aid of sunlight, which plant includes an evaporator (1) having a roof part (2) made of a light-penetrable material, and an underlying basin part (3) containing the water that is to be purified, which basin part (3) includes channels (17) for collecting water vapor that has been condensed on the inside of the roof part (2), and a reservoir (10) for purified water. The plant also includes a device for removing moist air or vapor from the evaporator and a device for condensation of the moist air or vapor outside the evaporator.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the field of chemical and oil refining technology. In particular, the invention relates to the vacuum distillation of liquid mixtures and relates directly to the separation of liquid mixtures. The main field of application of the invention is rectification of oil stock in the petrochemical industry. The objective of this invention is to reduce power consumption required for generating a vacuum in mass-transfer columns while improving the quality of target products, reducing environmental pollution and increasing the efficiency of separation. According to the invention, a vacuum in a mass transfer column is generated due to condensation of outgoing vapors and evacuation of non-condensable gas-vapors by a vacuum-producing system, which is connected to a vacuum pump and composed of an absorber, a phase separator and a cooler, connected in series.

Abstract: A procedure is provided for the separation of close boiling impurities from products which have slightly higher polarity than the impurities, for example, separation of di-propylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether (DE) from di-propylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether (DPTB) by distillation, water or steam being used as stripping component with heat provided by a reboiler.

Abstract: The system for the recovery of water from urine aboard spacecraft includes a urine intake and pretreatment unit, a unit for water reclamation from urine and a condensate purification unit. The unit for water reclamation from urine is made on the basis of a rotary multistage vacuum distiller, each stage of which is formed by at least one heat-transfer plate and comprises an evaporation zone and a condensation zone. The stages of the distiller are separated from each other by separation plates, a chamber for collecting condensate and noncondensable gases being disposed downstream of the last stage and communicated with all the condensation zones of all the stages through water seals of condensate overflow and openings for the removal of noncondensable gases in disks mounted in the condensation zones.

Abstract: A process for the evaporation of an available warm or hot liquid under a vacuum by applying a pressure drop thereon initiating flash-down evaporation, and followed by further flash-down evaporation under an applied pressure gradient whereby the residual liquid is raised by the vapor produced to an elevation sufficient for subsequently discharging the residual liquid from vacuum without a pump; and by separating the vapor phase from the residual liquid phase before condensing the vapor produced into distilled liquid.

Abstract: A waste photopolymer plate washout fluid solvent distillation apparatus includes a single enclosure enclosing a waste washout fluid container, a recovered solvent container, and a distillation unit in which waste washout is distilled by application of heat and vacuum pressure to the waste washout, and by supplying a metered supply of a surrogate solvent to the distilled waste washout as a desired solvent is distilled from the waste washout. The apparatus, by supplying the surrogate solvent to the waste washout as the desired solvent is distilled from the waste washout, enables a greater percentage of the desired solvent to be recovered from the waste washout than has been heretofore possible with prior art apparatus, and also enables the waste washout to be disposed of as a liquid.

Abstract: A process for separating 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine from a mixture consisting of hexamethylenediamine and 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine by distilling the mixture at a pressure from 1 to 300 mbar.