Abstract: Systems and methods for the production of a high purity isoamylene product. The isoamylene in a mixed hydrocarbon stream may initially be converted to TAME via etherification, and a subsequent decomposition of the TAME may result in a high purity isoamylene stream with very low impurities that is suitable for a variety of petrochemical applications, such as for use in the production of fragrances, pesticides, peroxides, polymer antioxidants, UV stabilizers and hydrocarbon resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating, by reactive distillation, an olefinic feedstock comprising linear olefins containing n carbon atoms, and branched olefins, the branched olefins comprising tertiary branched olefins, for example a mixture of n-butenes and of tertiary branched olefins comprising isobutene, so as to produce an olefinic effluent with a mass content of tertiary branched olefin of less than or equal to 3% by weight and a heavy hydrocarbon effluent, said process comprising the feeding of a reactive distillation section with said olefinic feedstock and with an alcohol feedstock comprising a primary alcohol, said reactive distillation section comprising a column composed at least of an upper reflux zone into which is introduced said alcohol feedstock, comprising, for example, ethanol, an intermediate reaction zone comprising at least 6 reactive doublets, and a lower fractionation zone at the level of which said section is fed with said olefinic feedstock, said reactive distillat

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying phenol, which comprises: contacting a phenol stream comprising hydroxyacetone, 2-methylbenzofuran, 3-methylbenzofuran and phenol with an acyl chloride in the presence of an organic sulfonic acid to convert one or more selected from the group consisting of hydroxyacetone, 2-methylbenzofuran and 3-methylbenzofuran into a high boiling point compound having a boiling point higher than that of the phenol; and recovering the high boiling point compound from the phenol stream.

Abstract: Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system.

Abstract: This invention produces technical (meth)acrylic acid without being confronted with problems of fouling of systems to purify the crude reaction mixture of (meth)acrylic acid synthesis, due to the presence of glyoxal formed during synthesis. The invention is based on the addition or generation of quinoline derivative in a glyoxal-containing (meth)acrylic acid flow in a quinoline/glyoxal derivative molar ratio ranging from 0.1 to 5, during the purification steps, said quinoline compound with one of formulas (I) or (II): wherein, groups R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6, or R1 et R2 C-alkyl group combine and together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a saturated or unsaturated ring or heterocycle, preferably a phenyl group, and/or R3 and R4 combine and with the atoms to which they are attached, form a saturated or unsaturated ring or heterocycle, preferably a phenyl group.

Abstract: A system for purifying trichlorosilane that can prevent re-contamination by the dissociation of an adduct occurring in association with the conversion of high boiling point compounds or the remaining of impurities due to an equilibrium constraint is provided. Trichlorosilane containing impurities serving as a donor or an acceptor in silicon crystals is supplied to a multistage impurity conversion step. These impurities in the trichlorosilane are converted into high boiling point compounds in the presence of a distillation aid. A plurality of impurity conversion step sections (101 to 10n) are connected in series, and any of the impurity conversion step sections comprises a reception section a for the trichlorosilane from the preceding stage section, an introduction section b for the distillation aid, a transmission section c for the trichlorosilane to the subsequent stage section, and a drain section d that discharges a remainder out of the impurity conversion step section.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process and apparatus for selectively hydrogenating diolefins in a cracked stream. The method combines a conversion unit and a recovery section. The recovery section includes the diolefin hydrogenation reactor that is used to selectively hydrogenate the diolefins in the cracked naphtha. The diolefin depleted naphtha may be debutanized to separate the stabilized naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas streams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distillative separation of a mixture comprising three or more components including at least one low boiler, at least one medium boiler, and at least one high boiler, the method comprising feeding the mixture of three or more components to a first distillation column, removing the at least one high boiler as a bottom fraction from the first distillation column, feeding a top fraction of the first distillation column to a second distillation column, removing the at least one medium boiler via a sidestream takeoff from the second distillation column, removing the at least one low boiler as a top fraction from the second distillation column, and feeding a bottom takeoff stream from the second distillation column to the first distillation column as a reflux, wherein the first and the second distillation columns have vertical dividing walls.

Abstract: A process for continuously preparing the tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid comprises: a) the reaction of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture (G1); b) the partial evaporation of the esterification mixture (G1), giving a liquid first high boiler phase (SPh1) comprising the acidic catalyst, and a first vapor (B1) comprising tert-butyl ester; c) the fractional condensation of the first vapor (B1) by partially condensing the first vapor (B1) at a first pressure and a first temperature and obtaining a first condensate (K1), partially condensing the uncondensed second vapor (B2) at a second pressure and a second temperature and obtaining a second condensate (K2), the first temperature being 0 to 45° C. below the condensation temperature of the tert-butyl ester at the first pressure and the second temperature being 45 to 80° C.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for production of alkene products from their alkene precursors, such as 3-hydroxyacid and alcohols, via either (1) high temperature reactive distillation with steam contact at optimal pH, (2) solvent extraction and Mulzer dehydration, (3) solid phase adsorption, desorption into an organic solvent and catalytic reaction and (4) high temperature reactive distillation with steam contact at optimal pH followed by catalytic conversion.

Abstract: A process for producing dimethyl sulfoxide, wherein said process comprises the following steps: (1) contacting hydrogen sulfide with methanol to produce a mixture containing dimethyl sulfide, and separating dimethyl sulfide from the mixture; and (2) in the presence or absence of a solvent, contacting dimethyl sulfide obtained in step (1) with at least one oxidant and a catalyst to produce a mixture containing dimethyl sulfoxide, said catalyst comprises at least one Ti—Si molecular sieve.

Abstract: A device for performing chemical reactions, in which one starting substance is in the liquid phase and one product is in the gaseous phase, is proposed, comprising a reaction zone which includes two catalytic sections, each section having a feed channel and an overflow well which simultaneously acts as the feed channel for the next section, such that liquid from each section passes into the overflow well of this section and via it enters the lower part of the next section, the device being designed to permit removal of the gaseous products of each section, bypassing the remaining sections.

Abstract: A process is presented for the purification of 1,3 butadiene. The process is for treating a butadiene stream from an oxidative dehydrogenation unit, where a butane stream is dehydrogenated, generating a butadiene rich stream. The butadiene rich stream is fractionated and passed through a butadiene recovery unit. Additional C4 compounds recovered from the fractionation bottoms stream are further processed for increasing yields of butadiene.

Abstract: A process for separating monosilane from a mixture comprising monosilane and chlorosilanes comprising: a) Introducing mixture to a condenser (3) for separating lower-boiling chlorosilanes—containing monosilane from higher-boiling chlorosilanes enriched condensates; b) Collecting said higher-boiling condensates, in a condensate buffer (19) connected to the aforesaid condenser (3) by a condensate feed pipe (8); c) Sending higher-boiling chlorosilanes enriched condensates from the aforesaid condensate buffer (19) into a subcooler (21) which is installed on a reflux feed line (7) connected to the upper portion of a chlorosilane absorber (20); d) Feeding lower-boiling chlorosilanes—containing monosilane to the aforesaid chlorosilane absorber (20) for separating monosilane; e) Extracting monosilane—rich gas from the upper portion of the aforesaid chlorosilane absorber (20).

Abstract: Methods for the manufacture of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines at high yield are provided. The methods involve reaction of a hydrazide group on one reactant with an aldehyde group on the other reactant. The reaction proceeds rapidly with a high conjugation efficiency. Simplified purification processes can be employed to separate the conjugate product from the unconjugated protein and polysaccharide and other small molecule by-products.

Abstract: A method and plant for obtaining acetic acid and methanol from the hydrolysis of methyl acetate by reactive distillation is disclosed. The reactive distillation column is configured as a divided wall reactive distillation column (1). A feed containing water and methyl acetate are brought into contact with a catalyst in a reactive space (19) to perform the hydrolysis of water and methyl acetate to methanol and acetic acid. The reactive space comprises at least a first rectification zone (32), a first stripping zone (34) and a first reaction zone (33). A catalyst is provided in the first reaction zone (33). The column further comprises a product space (29) with at least a second rectification zone (42) and a second stripping zone (44). The second stripping zone (44) shares at least a portion of the column sump (38) with the first stripping zone (34).

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying silane-containing streams and, in particular, for purifying silane-containing streams that also contain ethylene are disclosed. The processes and systems may be arranged such that one or more ethylene reactors are downstream of light-end distillation operations.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high purity sulfuric acid is provided. A mixed solution subsequently undergoes a first preheating step, a second preheating step, a distilling step and an evaporating step to remove peroxide, water, oxygen and insoluble impurities, so as to obtain the first gas containing sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and hydrogen oxide. And then, the sulfur trioxide is absorbed by a sulfuric acid solution, thereby forming the high purity sulfuric acid.

Abstract: An aromatics complex producing one or more xylene isomers offers a large number of opportunities to conserve energy by heat exchange within the complex. One previously unrecognized opportunity is through providing two parallel distillation columns operating at different pressures to separate C8 aromatics from C9+ aromatics. The parallel columns offer additional opportunities to conserve energy within the complex.

Abstract: A method of producing 2,3-butanediol includes subjecting a 2,3-butanediol culture liquid produced by microbial fermentation to nanofiltration membrane treatment and ion-exchange treatment (Step A), and then adding an alkaline substance and performing distillation (Step B).

Abstract: Processes for isolating 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane from a crude product stream containing the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and ferric chloride. The processes may include deep distillation of the crude, treatment of the crude with a reagent that deactivates the ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream, aqueous washing of the crude product stream to remove ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream. Other embodiments simultaneously prepare 1,1,2,3-tetrachloroprene and 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloroprane.

Abstract: A process is proposed for the treatment of a recycling stream (1) from a plant for the production of polyarylene ether sulfones via polycondensation of aromatic bishalogen compounds and of aromatic bisphenols or their salts in the presence of at least one alkali metal carbonate or ammonium carbonate or alkali metal hydrogencarbonate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate in an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent, comprising from 60 to 90% by weight of water, from 10 to 40% by weight of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and, as contaminant detrimental to specification, up to 5000 ppm by weight of the alkylsuccinimide corresponding to the N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and, alongside this, up to 1000 ppm by weight of other substances with higher boiling point than N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, in particular inorganic salts, based in each case on the total weight of the recycling stream (1), where the entirety of the components gives 100% by weight, giving a pure N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone stream (2) which can be returned to the plant for the productio

Abstract: A process for treating a recycling stream from a plant for the production of polyarylene ether sulfones comprising 60 to 90% water, 10 to 40% N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, up to 5000 ppm by weight of the alkylsuccinimide corresponding to the N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, up to 1000 ppm by weight of other substances with higher boiling point than N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, giving N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone which can be recycled via a distillation column , preceded by preliminary purification in evaporator stage(s), giving vapor stream(s) which are introduced as feed streams into the distillation column, the bottom stream from the last evaporator stage being discharged and the bottom stream from the distillation column being recycled into the last evaporator stage, and the vapor stream from the last evaporator stage being introduced fully or partly into an additional column from which a top stream is introduced into the distillation column and a bottom stream is discharged.

Abstract: A method of treating wastewater containing peroxide and ammonia includes performing a first stage peroxide pretreatment of the wastewater with a catalyst, and performing a second stage ammonia separation of the peroxide treated wastewater by a distillation process, thereby producing a concentrated ammonium hydroxide end product that is separated from the wastewater.

Abstract: A catalytic reaction-rectification integrated process and a catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column, and the specialized device of such process is provided. The reactants are preheated and mixed with catalysts, and then fed into a jet agitation reaction section located in the middle of the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column from a feeding inlet. The jet agitation reaction section is a kettle-like reactor located in the middle of the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column. After pressurized by a centrifugal pump, the reactant materials are admitted into a subsonic or transonic agitator located within the reaction section. The reactant materials are ejected into the jet agitation reaction section at high speed, to efficiently mix the solid and liquid phases in the reaction section and to reinforce heat and mass transfer efficiency during the reaction. The liquid reaction mixture is separated and purified directly in the catalytic reaction-rectification integrated column.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and systems for purifying technical grade trichlorosilane and/or technical grade silicon tetrachloride into electronic grade trichlorosilane and/or electronic grade silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: In the process of distilling a polyol product mixture including one or both of a biobased propylene glycol and a biobased ethylene glycol from the reaction of hydrogen with a biobased feed, it has been discovered that undesirable epoxides can form, and the present invention provides means for guarding against their formation, for removing epoxides which do form by particular methods of distilling, and for removing the epoxides from a finished, otherwise commercially acceptable biobased glycol product.

Abstract: A system and process that are a hybrid of distillation and membrane separations offers a highly efficient means of separating a fluid feed mixture into organic, solid, and aqueous components. The distillation section is followed by two membrane separation sections operated in parallel, with the distillation section separating the feed mixture into an organics-rich fraction and an organics-depleted and solids-rich fraction. One membrane section operates on the organics-rich fraction and separates it into a more organics-rich sub-fraction and a water-rich, organics-depleted sub-fraction, while the other membrane section operates on the organics-depleted, solids-rich fraction from the distillation section and separates it into a solids-rich sub-fraction and a solids-depleted, water-rich sub-fraction.

Abstract: A process for co-manufacture of acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide comprises combining a stream comprising hydrogen cyanide and an acrylonitrile reactor product stream, to produce a combined product stream, having a ratio of acrylonitrile to hydrogen cyanide of about 9 to 1 or less, which can be varied; and treating the combined product stream in a recovery/purification system of acrylonitrile process wherein pH is controlled by addition of an acid to prevent HCN polymerization. The ratio of acrylonitrile to hydrogen cyanide is generally between 2 to 1 and 9 to 1. The stream comprising hydrogen cyanide is advantageously a hydrogen cyanide product stream from a hydrogen cyanide synthesis reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general terms to a process for preparing alkyl methacrylates, comprising as steps: providing an acetone cyanohydrin by a process according to one of the preceding claims; contacting the acetone cyanohydrin with an inorganic acid to obtain a methacrylamide; contacting the methacrylamide with an alcohol in the presence of an inorganic acid in a reactor to obtain an alkyl methacrylate; continuously discharging at least a portion of the alkyl methacrylate from the reactor into a distillation column as a vapor stream; the discharge being effected by feeding a discharge stream comprising steam into the reactor, to an apparatus for preparing alkyl methacrylates, to a process for preparing polymers based at least partly on alkyl methacrylates, to the use of the alkyl methacrylates obtainable by the process according to the invention in chemical products, and to chemical products based on alkyl methacrylates obtainable by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for the production of high purity ethyl acetate from ethanol is described. The process involves reacting ethanol over a suitable catalyst in a reactive distillation column. The reactive distillation setup allows overcoming the reaction equilibrium for increased conversion of ethanol. Hydrogen is removed as the distillate and ethyl acetate is obtained as a bottoms product from the reactive distillation column. A feed of hydrogen at the bottom of the column and a suitable hydrogenation catalyst placed at the bottom of the column allows for a significant reduction of impurities such as butan-2-one and/or n-butyraldehyde in the ethyl acetate product. Adding side reactors to the reactive distillation column allows additional catalyst holdup for improved reactant conversion.

Abstract: A reactive distillation apparatus for multistage counter-current rotating bed includes a closed shell, in the center of which a revolving shaft linking each shell section is set, the shaft is provided with two or more rotors in series connection, a feeding inlet, a reflux inlet and an outlet of the gas phase are mounted on the top end face of the shell while a waste liquid outlet and an inlet of the gas phase are set on the bottom end face of the shell, a group of concentric dynamic filler rings with different diameters are installed at intervals along the radial direction, wherein the wall of the dynamic filler rings is holed, and the ring clearance between the dynamic filler rings is configured with static rings fastened on the static disc; a feeding inlet is arranged on the top cover of the shell corresponding to the spray nozzle of raw material liquid; a rotating liquid distributor is arranged on the inner side of the innermost dynamic filler ring of the said lower rotor.

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying silane-containing streams are disclosed with relatively less silane being lost in impurity streams by use of distillation and/or condensation operations.

Abstract: Process and steps for the production of biodiesel and/or glycerin from feedstock are provided.

Abstract: Process and steps for the production of biodiesel and/or glycerin from feedstock are provided.

Abstract: Processes and systems for purifying silane-containing streams are disclosed with relatively less silane being lost in impurity streams by use of distillation and/or condensation operations.

Abstract: A method for recovering acetic acid from an aqueous feed stream containing acetic acid and, in particular, a stream generated during terephthalic acid production includes feeding a water-rich feed stream to a liquid-liquid extraction column, which includes a guard bed near the top thereof for conversion of alcohol within the feed stream by reaction with acetic acid to the corresponding ester, and removing residual water from acetic acid in an azeotropic distillation column by feeding water-poor feed streams from the extraction column to the distillation column at a height at which the mixture has a similar water concentration. The liquid-liquid extraction column produces an extract of an extraction solvent and acetic acid which is sent to the azeotropic distillation column to separate residual water and acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing ditrimethylolpropane which is characterized by the following (1) and (2): (1) a distillation still residue separated from purified trimethylolpropane is subjected to re-distillation under specific conditions to obtain a ditrimethylolpropane-containing solution having given contents of bis-TMP and tri-TMP; and (2) when subjecting the ditrimethylolpropane-containing solution to crystallization with an organic solvent, the crystallization is initiated under pressure at a temperature exceeding a boiling point of the organic solvent as measured under normal pressures, and the resulting crystallization product solution is cooled at a temperature drop rate of 2° C./min or less. According to the above method, it is possible to produce a high-purity ditrimethylolpropane from a distillation still residue obtained upon production of trimethylolpropane in a simple, industrially useful manner.

Abstract: A process for purifying a brine of organic compounds comprising: (a) supplying a brine that comprises at least one organic compound; (b) feeding at least one stripping zone with the brine from (a) and at least one stripping agent; (c) withdrawing from the stripping zone at least one fraction (I) consisting essentially of brine, the content of the organic compound being lower in fraction (I) than in the brine from step (a), and at least one fraction (II) consisting essentially of the stripping agent; wherein the temperature (T1) of the hotter fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II) and the temperature (T2) of the colder fraction of the two fractions (I) and (II), such temperatures expressed in degrees Celsius being the temperatures measured before any possible thermal conditioning which might be carried out before and/or during their withdrawal from the stripping zone, correspond to the following formula: 6×10?7(T1)3.

Abstract: A process for reducing ethyl acetate and/or diethyl acetal concentration of a crude ethanol product by hydrolysis is disclosed. A portion of the water is initially separated from the crude ethanol product in a first column residue. Ethyl acetate in the first column distillate is hydrolyzed to form additional ethanol and acetic acid. Product ethanol is recovered in a second distillation column preferably in a side stream and acetic acid is removed in the second column residue.

Abstract: A method of upgrading heavy oil in which the heavy oil is preheated to above a boiling point of water to remove water as steam and lighter fractions as vapours. The heavy oil passes downwardly through a series of sequential horizontal heat gradients in a temperature gradient reactor. A temperature of each sequential heat gradient progressively increases so that lighter fractions of the heavy oil vaporize with minimal cracking and heavier heavy oil fractions continue to fall by force of gravity downwards. As they pass through further sequential heat gradients of progressively increasing temperature, they tend to crack into lighter fractions in the presence of nascent hydrogen. Coke, formed from heavier heavy oil fractions generated and deposited on a fluidized catalytic bed a bottom of the temperature gradient reactor, is fluidized with superheated steam.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an alkylation unit. The alkylation unit can include at least one alkylation reaction zone having an alkylation catalyst, at least one cooler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone, a settler communicating with the at least one alkylation reaction zone and the at least one cooler, a fractionation zone receiving an effluent from the settler passing through a line, and a boot coupled to a substantially horizontal portion of the line. Generally, the boot receives an effluent portion rich in the alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture containing morpholine (MO), monoaminodiglycol (ADG), ammonia and water from a reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with ammonia, the process including: (i) separating off ammonia from the mixture at a top of a first distillation column K10; (ii) feeding a bottom fraction from K10 to a second distillation column K20, in which water and an organic product are separated off at the top at a temperature at the top in the range from 45 to 198° C. and a pressure in the range from 0.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes and systems for purifying technical grade trichlorosilane and/or technical grade silicon tetrachloride into electronic grade trichlorosilane and/or electronic grade silicon tetrachloride.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon stream, including: feeding hydrogen and a hydrocarbon stream including sulfur compounds to a catalytic distillation reactor having one or more hydrodesulfurization reaction zones; concurrently in the catalytic distillation reactor: fractionating the hydrocarbon stream into a heavy fraction and a light fraction; contacting hydrogen and the light fraction to form H2S and a light fraction of reduced sulfur content; recovering the light fraction, H2S, and hydrogen as an overheads; recovering the heavy fraction; heating the overheads to a temperature from 500 to 700° F.; feeding the heated overheads and hydrogen to a high temperature low pressure reactor to form H2S and a reactor effluent of reduced mercaptan content; separating the reactor effluent, H2S, and unreacted hydrogen to form a light hydrocarbon fraction and a fraction including H2S and hydrogen; recycling a portion of the light hydrocarbon fraction to the catalytic distillation reactor.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced by catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds. The reaction mixture generated by this hydrogenation is then worked up by distillation in a manner which makes it possible to substantially free the amine of water with increased energy efficiency. Water free of amine and low boilers and the low boiling materials are also obtained.

Abstract: Processes for the continuous fractional distillation of a mixture comprising morpholine (MO), monoaminodiglycol (ADG), ammonia and water from a reaction of diethylene glycol (DEG) with ammonia, the process comprising: (i) separating off ammonia from the mixture at a top of a first distillation column K10; (ii) feeding a bottom fraction from the first distillation column to a second distillation column K20, wherein water and an organic product are separated off at a top of the second distillation column at a top temperature of 45 to 198° C. and a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 15 bar; (iii) feeding a bottom fraction from the second distillation column to a third distillation column K30, wherein morpholine and an organic product having a boiling point of <140° C. (1.013 bar) are separated off at a point selected from a top and a side offtake of the third distillation column, and monoaminodiglycol and an organic product having a boiling point of >190° C. (1.

Abstract: Provided is a plant for the continuous production of monosilane and tetrachlorosilane by catalytic dismutation of trichlorosilane, wherein the plant contains: a countercurrent reactor having a double wall, a catalyst bed containing a catalyst which is located in the countercurrent reactor, a condenser at the top of the countercurrent reactor, a vaporizer unit at the bottom of the countercurrent reactor, a trichlorosilane feed line for the introduction of trichlorosilane into the countercurrent reactor, a heat exchanger, with the trichlorosilane conveyed by line via the heat exchanger and preheated there by a bottom product from the vaporizer unit and, for this purpose, the bottom product is fed by line via the heat exchanger into the double wall at a level in the lower part of the countercurrent reactor and discharged from the double wall at a level in the upper part of the countercurrent reactor, a condensation unit downstream of the condenser, and a distillation column having an outlet for monosilane.

Abstract: An azeotropic distillation method, comprising a reaction step, a distillation step for separating and refining a reaction product, and a recovery step for collecting a reactant after the distillation step; wherein at least one component constituting the reactant in the reaction step can act as an entrainer for the azeotropic distillation in the distillation step; and a portion of the reactant capable of acting as the entrainer is supplied to the distillation step.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is an apparatus and method for the recovery of acetic acid, azeotropic agent, extraction agent, re-usable water and other reaction products such as p-toluic acid, from an aqueous stream generated during a terephthalic acid production process, having superior energy efficiency and reduced water consumption.