Abstract: A highly efficient continuous process for the winning of bromine from a bromide-containing brine which increases overall bromine recovery efficiency, decreases chlorine requirements, decreases waste-brine neutralization, improves steam recovery, increases capacity and significantly reduces total amount of steam necessary for bromine recovery over prior art. This is accomplished by operating a two-stage subatmospheric apparatus comprising a steaming out tower and a secondary flash chamber. The steaming out or contact tower is operated near the vapor pressure of the feed brine so that only stripping steam is required to remove elemental bromine from the brine. The second stage or secondary flash chamber is operated at a lower pressure than the stage one steaming out tower and enables recovery of bromine, steam and chlorine from the waste bromide-depleted brin or tail brine which might otherwise to be lost.

Abstract: A process for purifying impure water, e.g. heavy water, which provides for the removal of dissolved inorganic and organic contaminants by distillation of the water and washed vapor withdrawal, and optional chemical pretreatment of oxidazable matter.

Abstract: The apparatus uses a combination of technologies for treatment of hazardous and nonhazardous liquid wastes. The first treatment step is an evaporation stage where the liquid wastes are heated. The resulting steam and vapors are then oxidized by photolysis and photolytic catalyzed ozone before they are condensed. The steam and vapors are then condensed and the condensate is passed through a column of activated carbon. The activated carbon absorbs any unoxidized Chemical Oxygen Demanding (COD) species and aids in the control of any odors which may be emitted in the evaporation stage.

Abstract: Color-stable alkylaminoalkanol is prepared by adding, prior to stripping-off excess reactant, an alkali metal borohydride to the reaction product of alkylene oxide and an excess of primary or secondary amine and thereafter distilling the reaction mass to recover residual and reacted (borates) alkali metal borohydride and reduced color-forming bodies as bottoms and alkylaminoalkanol as distillate. If water is present in the reaction between the alkylene oxide and primary or secondary amine, the reaction mass is distilled after recovery of excess amine to recover an azeotrope of the product which is recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the purification in the presence of water of impure benzaldehyde by which a purified benzaldehyde is prepared which has improved color stability and improved olfactory characteristics. The process is comprised of the steps of treating the impure benzaldehyde simultaneously with water and a metal less noble than hydrogen followed by distillation.

Abstract: Fluoride ions are removed from nitric acid solution by contacting the vaporized solution with alumina or zirconium.

Abstract: A urine-water recovery system is described which provides efficient potable water recovery from waste liquids. The design allows use over extended durations such as encountered in space flights. The system has advantages such as low power consumption, compactness, and gravity insensitive operation. The system comprises a vacuum distillation system combining a hollow fiber polysulfone membrane evaporator with a thermoelectric heat pump and condenser. With the system of the present invention, water purified from urine can be produced at a rate of more than 0.5 kg/hr at a total system energy of less than 400 w-hr/kg.

Abstract: A crude naphthoquinone produced by an oxidation of naphthalene is purified by a reduced pressure distillation of a crude 1,4-naphthoquinone having an acid content of less than 5 equivalent % calculated as monobasic acid and the crude naphthoquinone is preferably treated by an oxidation of oxidizable impurities.

Abstract: An aromatic acyl chloride is obtained with industrial advantages by reacting an aromatic carboxylic acid, phosphorus trichloride and chlorine, treating the reaction mixture comprising by-produced phosphorus pentachloride with at least one treating agent selected from water and phosphorus compounds to convert the phosphorus pentachloride into phosphorus oxychloride, and then subjecting the resulting reaction mixture to distillation to obtain the desired aromatic acyl chloride.

Abstract: Recovery of the chemical components of a cellulosic organic solvent regenerating solution containing a dialkylacylamide, water, nitrous and nitric acid. The process comprises neutralizing the solution to form the metal salts of nitrous and nitric acid, distilling the neutralized solution to remove and recover the water and dialkylacylamide solvent and pyrolyzing the metal salts in the presence of oxygen to remove and recover nitrogen dioxide gas. The process results in substantially total recovery of the process chemicals.

Abstract: Crude 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid produced by the nitric acid oxidation at 20.degree.14 60.degree. C. of cyclododecanone, cyclododecanol or a mixture thereof can be purified by distillation to a purity suitable for use in the production of polyamides and polyesters by reducing prior to distillation, e.g., by heating to 70.degree.-90.degree. C., the organically bound nitrogen content and as required the nitric acid content, e.g., by washing, and water content thereof so that the sample which is distilled has maximum contents thereof of 0.05%, 0.02% and 0.1% by weight, respectively, and distilling the pre-purified sample at a sump temperature of 215.degree.-225.degree. C. and at a pressure of 0.5 - 2 torr.

Abstract: Formic acid is removed from acetic acid substantially free of halide impurities but containing small amounts of formic acid by contacting the acid with a compound of hexavalent chromium and recovering the purified acid from the resulting mixture by distillation, ion-exchange, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the acid to be purified is distilled in the presence of a solution of the hexavalent chromium compound, the purified acid being obtained as the overhead product while the bottoms stream contains the reduced chromium compound. With the preferred chromium trioxide as treating agent, this compound can be recovered for re-use by adding a strong mineral acid to the bottoms stream from the distillation, electrolytically oxidizing the chromium compound contained therein, and separating chromium trioxide from the strong mineral acid solution.

Abstract: Process is provided for removal of chloroprenes as impurities from ethylene dichloride streams formed in the production of vinyl chloride by the thermal cracking of ethylene dichloride. The ethylene dichloride stream is subjected to distillation in a distillation zone to which free chlorine gas is introduced, thereby chlorinating the chloroprenes contained therein and forming higher boiling chlorocarbons as reaction products. The higher boiling chlorocarbons, together with ethylene dichloride, may be removed as bottoms and passed to a second distillation zone for separation of ethylene dichloride from the higher boiling impurities, thereby producing a substantially pure ethylene dichloride which may be recycled to the cracking step.