Abstract: In a process for recovering an aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or an ester thereof by distilling a liquid mixture containing the aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or the ester thereof and a catalyst of a metal of Group VIII of the periodic table of elements, the improvement wherein the distillation is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide at a partial pressure of at least 0.01 kg/cm.sup.2 (absolute) in the distillation system to prevent the decomposition of said catalyst.

Abstract: Color-stable alkylaminoalkanol is prepared by adding, prior to stripping-off excess reactant, an alkali metal borohydride to the reaction product of alkylene oxide and an excess of primary or secondary amine and thereafter distilling the reaction mass to recover residual and reacted (borates) alkali metal borohydride and reduced color-forming bodies as bottoms and alkylaminoalkanol as distillate. If water is present in the reaction between the alkylene oxide and primary or secondary amine, the reaction mass is distilled after recovery of excess amine to recover an azeotrope of the product which is recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A new and improved contact lens is provided and is made by a process which uses a distillation step with an addition of a carbon decolorizing agent to the solution being distilled. The carbon decolorizing agent prevents curdling and removes impurities in the distillation step. The result is a contact lens with a very high water content and with good oxygen permeability characteristics.

Abstract: A process permitting hazard free purification by distillation of compounds which are distillable per se but which present the risk of explosive decomposition under the effect of elevated temperatures. A desensitizing substance is added to the compounds to be distilled.Aliphatic alcohols for instance are suitable additives for alkinols.Examples are provided for the distillation of butinediol-1,4 together with the additive glycerin.

Abstract: In a process for producing a 2-hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate which comprises esterifying acrylic or methacrylic acid with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of an esterification catalyst and distilling the resulting reaction mixture in a distillation column, the improvement wherein the vapor of the ester monomer from the distillation column, while being maintained in the superheated state, is introduced into a condenser of the gas-liquid direct contact type whose inner wall corresponding to its gas inlet portion is kept at a temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure, to contact it directly with a concurrently flowing spray liquid of the ester-precooled to a temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure, whereby said vapor is condensed to a liquid at said temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure.

Abstract: In one embodiment, this invention provides a process for converting a dilute aqueous filtrate byproduct stream from adipic acid manufacture into a concentrated methanolic solution which does not solidify at ambient temperatures.In another embodiment, this invention provides an improved process for the separation and recovery of byproducts associated with the isolation of C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids contained in a waste byproduct stream derived from an adipic acid manufacturing operation involving nitric acid oxidation of a cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol feedstream in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: In the carbonylation of olefinic compounds in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst, the addition to the reaction system of a secondary phosphine oxide represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having not more than about 20 carbon atoms, in an amount of 0.2 to 20 moles per gram atom of the cobalt makes it possible to separate the reaction product from the reaction mixture by direct distillation without any such special operation for the catalyst separation as required in the conventional processes. The distillation residue which contains the catalyst can be recycled for the reuse thereof in the carbonylation.

Abstract: Methylchloroform undergoing purification distillation is stabilized against decomposition by conducting the distillation in the presence of polyalkylene glycol having an average molecular weight greater than 150.

Abstract: 1,1,1-trichloroethane is recovered in an excellent yield from textile material without deterioration in quality of the textile material by a method in which a textile material is introduced into a hot water bath having a temperature of 64.degree. C. or more and a pH of 4.0 or more, so as to allow 1,1,1-trichloroethane to vaporize together with water, the mixture of vapors of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and water is condensed by cooling it, and then, the condensed 1,1,1-trichloroethane is separated from the condensed water.

Abstract: Deposit formation in distillation units, particularly column reboiler units, associated with the separation and purification of dialkyl phosphorochloridothioates from a crude material containing oxygenated compound impurities, is inhibited by incorporating in the feed stock a minor proportion (generally about 0.05 to about 15.0 weight percent) of an acylated amine prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic compound with an alkylene amine or a hydroxyalkyl-substituted alkylene amine.

Abstract: Chlorinated phenols, e.g. pentachlorophenol, are stabilized against degradation, including degradation to chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, caused by heat and other adverse conditions, by combining with them stabilizing amounts of at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of high-boiling epoxides and epoxidized oils, drying oils, unsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated esters of fatty acids.

Abstract: The decomposition of chlorinated phenols, especially pentachlorophenol, during exposure to high temperatures (e.g., storage and distillation) is markedly reduced by incorporating into the molten chlorinated phenol at least about 0.25 percent by weight of said impure chlorinated phenol of at least one monohydric primary alcohol having at least 14 carbon atoms, one hydroxyl group, and devoid of any other heteroatoms or ether linkages; selected from the group consisting of straight-chain or branched monohydric primary alcohols or a mixture of said straight-chain or branched monohydric primary alcohols.

Abstract: An improved technique is described for the recovery of aliphatic diol reaction solvent in a process wherein ethylene is oligomerized at elevated temperature and pressure by contact with a solution of a nickel complex catalyst in an aliphatic diol solvent to afford a reaction product made up of (a) a liquid solvent phase containing dissolved catalyst, (b) a liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising ethylene oligomers containing dissolved ethylene, catalyst and diol solvent and (c) gaseous ethylene, said reaction product being passed to a series of phase separation zones whereby gaseous ethylene and a substantial portion of the diol reaction solvent containing dissolved catalyst are separated and recycled to the oligomerization reaction zone with a minor portion of the separated reaction solvent being passed to a fractionation zone for removal of light ends and spent catalyst prior to reuse in the process. With this improved process, the formation of diol solvent degradation products, e.g.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for thermally stabilizing sterols to permit economic recovery of the sterols present in a sterol containing source material.

Abstract: Xylenes can by merely being contacted with air over a period of time or during storage at temperatures upward from 60.degree. C. develop from 55 to 60 ppm of tolualdehyde. Such tolualdehyde formation can be suppressed by dissolving in the xylene a small amount of thiodipropionic acid or a di(alkyl)ester thereof.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a method of suppressing the rise in surface temperature of the heating tubes in a fractionation apparatus for a crude oil, characterized in that an aqueous solution containing ammonia or ammonium ion is injected into the upstream line of the crude heater in an amount of 1 to 20 ppm in terms of ammonia based on the crude oil.

Abstract: A process for recovering an acid chloride from a mixture containing the same, consisting of distilling the acid chloride from the mixture in the presence of an effective quantity of a distillation improvement additive, such as an organo polysiloxane or a mineral oil, which remains substantially liquid under the conditions of distillation.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for thermally stabilizing sterols to permit economic recovery of the sterols present in a sterol containing source material, said sterol containing source material having a Friedel-Crafts Catalyst present therein is rapidly distilled to recover a sterol as distillate.

Abstract: In the cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to ethanol, acetaldehyde and methyl acetate, a tertiary phosphine oxide is utilized as a stabilizer. Product is distilled from the reaction mixture and the cobalt-containing residue solution is recycled.

Abstract: A method for purifying benzotriazole, tolyl-triazole or mixtures of the two is disclosed. The method includes the steps of vacuum distillation of crude triazole and collection of the condensate. The crude triazole contains color bodies, diazotizable impurities which are color body precursors, or both. The color of the distilled triazole is improved by adding to the crude triazole, prior to vacuum distillation, an amount of formaldehyde sufficient for reaction with an appreciable proportion of the color bodies, the color body precursors, or both.

Abstract: A method for reducing losses due to reactions between hydrogen halides and olefinically unsaturated organic compounds in the presence of transition metals which act as catalysts for hydrohalogenation in mixtures containing same by adding to said mixtures a compound selected from the class consisting of alkyl diketones. The present invention is of particular value in the separation of components of said mixtures by distillation, but may also be usefully employed in any operation in which these mixtures are maintained in the presence of said catalytic materials. The present method offers advantages over the prior art because of the relative low toxicity and flammability of diketones and the fact that no undesirable solids are formed to foul process equipment as with some known methods.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving the stability of bisphenols under melt or distillation conditions by employing an aromatic anhydride such as phthalic anhydride as a stabilizing agent. A reduction is effected in the rate of formation of phenol and other cracking products which are decomposition by-products of the bisphenol.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol or 1,2-propylene glycol contained in mixtures with lower carboxylate esters of glycol, e.g. as produced by hydrolysis of the esters, is recovered by distillation of the mixtures with a hydrocarbon forming a minimum boiling azeotrope with the ethylene dlycol or 1,2-propylene glycol, the hydrocarbon being maintained in an inert atmosphere in the system.

Abstract: The decomposition of pentachlorophenol during distillation to remove impurities is markedly reduced by incorporating into the distilling molten pentachlorophenol a hydroxyl or polyhydroxyl containing organic compound having a boiling point above about 100.degree. C. in the presence or absence of water.

Abstract: Phosphate and phosphite mono and diesters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in ethylene cracking furnaces which are subjected to elevated temperatures from about 500.degree. - 1700.degree. F. These furnaces produce material that deposits and accumulates upon furnace surfaces including furnace coils and transfer line exchangers. The present antifoulant additives inhibit and suppress fouling and also help clean up previously fouled furnace surfaces.

Abstract: This invention relates to the stabilization of deodorized edible oils. In the process of the invention, edible oils are steam deodorized in the presence of a peroxide inhibiting amount of molybdenum metal or molybdenum oxide. It has been further found that the stabilizing effect of molybdenum metal or molybdenum oxide is obtained even in the presence of pro-oxidant metals.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for stabilizing vinylbenzyl chloride and vinyltoluene against violent decomposition in the presence of iron and chlorine at ambient and above ambient temperatures which comprises contacting the vinylbenzyl chloride or vinyltoluene with an amount of a Lewis base sufficient to inhibit the decomposition during the preparation, purification or storage of said vinylbenzyl chloride or vinyltoluene.

Abstract: Phosphate and phosphite mono- and di-esters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in crude oil systems employed as feedstocks in petroleum refining which are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 100.degree. to 1500.degree. F. and which are prone to produce material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of petroleum processing equipment, such as heat transfer equipment and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled refining systems.

Abstract: Thio-phosphate and -phosphite mono- and di-esters in small amounts function as antifoulant additives in crude oil systems employed as feedstocks in petroleum refining which are subjected to elevated temperatures of from about 100.degree. to 1500.degree. F and which are prone to produce material that deposits and accumulates upon the surfaces of petroleum processing equipment, such as heat transfer equipment and the like. Such additives not only inhibit and suppress fouling but also reduce fouling in previously fouled refining systems.

Abstract: Polychlorinated phenols (e.g., pentachlorophenol) of improved color are made by vacuum distilling polychlorinated phenols containing dark color-forming impurities in the presence of a color inhibitor such as free radical-acting substances (e.g., free radical-acting compounds of the phenol, hydroquinone, organic sulfur derivative, organic phosphite, amine and aldehyde type). In addition, the chlorodioxin content of the impure pentachlorophenol (generally about) 2,000 p.p.m.) is reduced to a residual chlorodioxin content of less than 25 p.p.m. during distillation.

Abstract: Fluorosilicic acid solutions, which normally undergo decomposition when distilled, thereby creating unwanted forms of SiO.sub.2, are rendered stable during distillation by providing in the fluorosilicic acid solution an amount of HF which is at least about 10 parts of HF per 36 parts of H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 and an amount of H.sub.2 O which is at least about 54 parts of H.sub.2 O per 36 parts of H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6. The mixture is distilled to remove any excess H.sub.2 O and excess HF that is present, without encountering formation of SiO.sub.2, until an azeotropic solution containing about 36% H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6, about 10% HF and about 54% H.sub.2 O is reached. The ternary azeotrope, being of constant quality and concentration, is more suitable for use in various processes, such as processes for making fumed SiO.sub.2, than H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 solutions which are not of constant quality or concentration.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the purification of crude dehydroacetic acid by means of simple vacuum or reduced pressure distillation wherein activated charcoal is added to the still. The term reduced pressure is used in the sense that it excludes complicated distillations such as fractional distillation and it is synonymous with simple vacuum distillation. Preferably a pressure of about 10 to about 20 torr is maintained in the vacuum distillation still. Preferably, 0.1 to 1 percent by weight, relative to the total amount of the crude dehydroacetic acid, of activated charcoal is added to the still before the distillation occurs. Crude dehydroacetic acid, particularly that obtained from diketene, is quite impure and discolored. The process of this invention produces a pure dehydroacetic acid, which is pure white, has a transparency of 96 percent and which has a purity of greater than 99.9 percent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of .beta.-chloroethyl-methyl-dichlorosilane by addition of HCl to methylvinyl-dichlorosilane in the presence of AlCl.sub.3 and distilling off the resultant end product from the reaction mixture, wherein the isolation of the .beta.-chloroethyl-methyl-dichlorosilane by distillation is effected in the presence of at least 1 mole of alkali metal chloride or of ammonium chloride, relative to AlCl.sub.3, at a bath temperature above 30.degree.C in vacuo.