Abstract: A photochemical reaction apparatus including a reactor and a light source situated so that light from the light source is directed through a portion of the reactor wall is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized by the portion of the reaction wall comprising a copolymer of a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether). The perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) is selected from the group consisting of CF30CF?CF2, C2F5OCF?CF2, C3F7OCF?F2, and mixture thereof. Also disclosed is a photochemical reaction process wherein light from a light source is directed through said reactor wall to interact with reactants in said reactor. A process for increasing the fluorine content of at least one compound selected from hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, comprising: (a) photochlorinating said at least one compound; and (b) reacting the halogenated hydrocarbon produced in (a) with HF.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 19, 2005
Date of Patent:
May 17, 2011
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao, Allen Capron Sievert
Abstract: Reactive monomers containing the trifluorovinyloxy group may be copolymerized to form polymers useful as membranes, especially polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells. The monomers have the formula ((CF2CFO(R1)p)nArX2 wherein Ar is a trivalent, tetravalent or pentavalent, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic group having from 5 to 50 carbon atoms; X is OH, SH, NR2aR2b, F or Br; p is 0 or 1; n is 1, 2 or 3; R1 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl and R2a and R2b are independently H, C1-C8 alkyl or C1-C8 perfluoroalkyl.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 5, 2006
Date of Patent:
December 22, 2009
Assignee:
General Electric Company
Inventors:
David Roger Moore, Hongyi Zhou, Christoph Georg Erben, Marianne Elisabeth Harmon, Joyce Hung, Hongwei Liu, Daniel Steiger, Daniel Joseph Brunelle
Abstract: In the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc), a mixture of R-365mfc and the impurity 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (R-1354mzy) is purified and R-1354mzy is removed from the mixture by contacting the mixture with 1-5 mols of chlorine for each mol of R-1354mzy in the presence of ultraviolet light having a wavelength between about 300 to 400 nm which provides at least 0.02 watts-hour/kg of the mixture. The R-1354mzy is reduced to below 10 wt. ppm as it is converted to 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluorobutane (R-354) or other butane containing more chlorine and having a higher boiling point than R-365mfc. The butane(s) may be separated more easily from R-365mfc. The photochlorination is effected in a manner such that at least about 96 weight percent of the starting amount of R-365mfc is maintained in the mixture.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 7, 2003
Date of Patent:
March 9, 2004
Assignee:
Honeywell International Inc.
Inventors:
Stephen Frederic Yates, Hsueh Sung Tung
Abstract: In the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc), a mixture of R-365mfc and the impurity 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1354zd) is purified and R-1354zd is removed from the mixture by contacting the mixture with 1-5 mols of chlorine for each mol of R-1354zd in the presence of ultraviolet light having a wavelength between about 300 to 400 nm which provides at least 0.02 watts-hour/kg of the mixture. The R-1354zd is reduced to below 10 wt. ppm as it is converted to 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluorobutane (R-354) or other butane containing more chlorine and having a higher boiling point than R-365mfc. The butane(s) may be separated more easily from R-365mfc. The photochlorination is effected in a manner such that at least about 96 weight percent of the starting amount of R-365mfc is maintained in the mixture.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 7, 2003
Publication date:
June 19, 2003
Applicant:
Honeywell International Inc.
Inventors:
Stephen Frederic Yates, Hsueh Sung Tung
Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorinated product comprising: (a) reacting a molar excess of an aliphatic starting compound in liquid phase with fluorine in the presence of actinic radiation to produce a product mixture containing a fluorinated product having at least one hydrogen atom; and (b) recovering the fluorinated product from the product stream.
Abstract: Compounds containing a primary amino group are converted into compounds containing a fluorine atom in place of the amino group by reaction of the amino compound with hydrogen fluoride and a nitrosating reagent under the influence of ultrasound or microwaves.