Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process and method for manufacturing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by dehydrohalogenating a reactant stream of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane that is substantially free from impurities, particularly halogenated propanes, propenes, and propynes.

Abstract: Gas separation membrane compositions including at least one crosslinked polymer, gas separation membranes made of such compositions, methods for making such gas separation membranes, and methods of using such membranes to separate gases are described. In one embodiment, the crosslinked polymer includes polyarylene ethers (PAE).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for the preparation of high yield alkyl or aryl iodide from its corresponding carboxylic acid using N-iodo amides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing carbon nanomaterials and/or carbon micromaterials, in particular multi-wall carbon nanotubes. This method is characterized according to the invention in that the materials, in particular the side walls of the materials, undergo microwave-assisted functionalization. In addition, a correspondingly modified material is described.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorinated olefins from fluorinated materials, the process comprising thermally decomposing the fluoropolymers into fluoroolefins in a reactor having a feeding zone where the fluorinated materials are fed into the reactor and a decomposition zone where the fluorinated materials are thermally decomposed and wherein the thermal decomposition is carried out in the presence of microwave irradiation.

Abstract: A photochemical reaction apparatus including a reactor and a light source situated so that light from the light source is directed through a portion of the reactor wall is disclosed. The apparatus is characterized by the portion of the reaction wall comprising a copolymer of a perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether). The perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) is selected from the group consisting of CF30CF?CF2, C2F5OCF?CF2, C3F7OCF?F2, and mixture thereof. Also disclosed is a photochemical reaction process wherein light from a light source is directed through said reactor wall to interact with reactants in said reactor. A process for increasing the fluorine content of at least one compound selected from hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, comprising: (a) photochlorinating said at least one compound; and (b) reacting the halogenated hydrocarbon produced in (a) with HF.

Abstract: The invention consequently relates, in one aspect, to a process for obtaining a hydrofluoroalkane comprising at least two carbon atoms, which is purified of unsaturated organic impurities, according to which the hydrofluoroalkane containing organic impurities including (chloro)fluoro olefins is subjected to at least one purification treatment with bromine or BrCl, preferably in the presence of, an initiator. The process is suitable, for example, to purify 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. A further aspect concerns the application of LEDs or OLEDs to support chemical reactions of the gas-gas, liquid-liquid or gas-liquid type, and a respective reactor.

Abstract: A method of producing alkanes containing chlorine by addition of chlorine to C—C double bonds or C—C triple bonds or by exchange of hydrogen for chlorine by contacting the starting compound in the gas or liquid phase with elemental chlorine and irradiating the reaction mixture with UV light having a wavelength of ??280 nm. In this way pentachloroethane can be produced from trichloroethylene, CFC-113 from HCFC-123 or HFC-133a, CFC-112a from HCFC-142b, or HCFC-123 from HCFC-133a. The method also is suitable for separating photochlorinatable impurities from HFC-365-mfc to obtain purified HFC-365-mfc. Advantages include high yields and excellent selectivity.

Abstract: In the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc), a mixture of R-365mfc and the impurity 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (R-1354mzy) is purified and R-1354mzy is removed from the mixture by contacting the mixture with 1-5 mols of chlorine for each mol of R-1354mzy in the presence of ultraviolet light having a wavelength between about 300 to 400 nm which provides at least 0.02 watts-hour/kg of the mixture. The R-1354mzy is reduced to below 10 wt. ppm as it is converted to 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluorobutane (R-354) or other butane containing more chlorine and having a higher boiling point than R-365mfc. The butane(s) may be separated more easily from R-365mfc. The photochlorination is effected in a manner such that at least about 96 weight percent of the starting amount of R-365mfc is maintained in the mixture.

Abstract: A method of producing alkanes containing chlorine by addition of chlorine to C—C double bonds or C—C triple bonds or by exchange of hydrogen for chlorine by contacting the starting compound in the gas or liquid phase with elemental chlorine and irradiating the reaction mixture with UV tight having a wavelength of &lgr;≧280 nm. In this way pentachloroethane can be produced from trichloroethylene, CFC-113 from HCFC-123 or HFC-133a, CFC-112a from HCFC-142b, or HCFC-123 from HCFC-133a. The method also is suitable for separating photochlorinatable impurities from HFC-365-mfc to obtain purified HFC-365-mfc. Advantages include high yields and excellent selectivity.

Abstract: A photochemical process for removing or minimizing the concentration of PCDD or PCDF compounds within an industrial gas stream. The process includes the gas phase of PCDD or PCDF compounds. Light within a particular spectral range is irradiated into the gas stream and is absorbed by the PCDD and PCDF compounds in the presence of a free radical hydrogen donor and this results in producing a lower chlorinated PCDD or PCDF compound form. In addition, the gas stream may be treated by removing particular matter therefrom and thereafter subjected to the above-described irradiation. Further, as another optional step, the gas stream may be irradiated with the specific purpose of targeting PCDD and PCDF precursor compounds. In this case, the irradiation is absorbed by the precursor compounds causing them to be chemically modified to different chemical compounds that do not participate in chemical reactions that result in the formation of PCDD and PCDF compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing purified, saturated, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated hydrocarbon compounds from crude products which are contaminated with impurity compounds which absorb light at a wavelength of &lgr;>200 nm by irradiating the crude product with UV radiation of a wavelength of &lgr;>200 nm and thereafter recovering highly pure, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated hydrocarbon compounds from the irradiated reaction product, for example, by simple vacuum distillation.

Abstract: A method of producing alkanes containing chlorine by addition of chlorine to C—C double bonds or C—C triple bonds or by exchange of hydrogen for chlorine by contacting the starting compound in the gas or liquid phase with elemental chlorine and irradiating the reaction mixture with UV light having a wavelength of &lgr;≧280 nm. In this way pentachloroethane can be produced from trichloroethylene, CFC-113 from HCFC-123 or HFC-133a, CFC-112a from HCFC-142b, or HCFC-123 from HCFC-133a. The method also is suitable for separating photochlorinatable impurities from HFC-365-mfc to obtain purified HFC-365-mfc. Advantages include high yields and excellent selectivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for carrying out a photochemical gas-liquid process for halogenating alkylbenzenes, the process being carried out in a photochemical gas-liquid reactor comprising a vessel, a central source of radiation, a gas distributor, and additionally, inner sleeve means arranged concentrically between the source of radiation and the vessel, the inner sleeve means providing for internal recirculation of reaction liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing inexpensively in a high yield a halogen-containing aromatic compound, particularly a halogen-containing aromatic compound incorporating therein a bromodifluoroalkyl group, and a halogen-containing naphthalene compound useful as a raw material for a resin excelling in heat resistance, chemical resistance and water repellency, and having a low dielectric constant and a low refractivity are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for carrying out a photochemical gas-liquid process for halogenating alkyl-benzenes, said process being carried out in a photochemical gas-liquid reactor comprising a vessel, a central source of radiation, a gas distributor, and additionally, inner sleeve means arranged concentrically between the source of radiation and the vessel, said inner sleeve means providing for internal recirculation of reaction liquid.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous preparation of mono- and/or bis(mono- and/or di- and/or trichloromethyl) benzenes by gradual chlorination of the corresponding mono-or dimethylbenzenes in several reactors in cascade, the first reactor has a greater volume than each of the other reactors.

Abstract: Provided is a process for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound bearing at least one electrophilic substituent, comprising (i) contacting the compound bearing at least one electrophilic substituent with a nucleophilic reagent which comprises (a) a fluorocarboxylic acid having the formula Ea—CF2—COOH, wherein Ea is an electron-withdrawing atom or group, the fluorocarboxylic acid being at least partially salified with an organic or inorganic cation and (b) a polar aprotic solvent, and (ii) exposing the resulting medium of reaction to the action of microwave energy.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorinated product comprising: (a) reacting a molar excess of an aliphatic starting compound in liquid phase with fluorine in the presence of actinic radiation to produce a product mixture containing a fluorinated product having at least one hydrogen atom; and (b) recovering the fluorinated product from the product stream.

Abstract: A process comprises passing a contaminated gaseous stream through a photocatalytic stage and, thereafter, through a catalytic stage.

Abstract: Compounds containing a primary amino group are converted into compounds containing a fluorine atom in place of the amino group by reaction of the amino compound with hydrogen fluoride and a nitrosating reagent under the influence of ultrasound or microwaves.