Abstract: The present invention provides: a heat generation method that makes the first use of the ionic vacancies that are a by-product of an electrochemical reaction and have conventionally been left unreacted; and a device for implementing the same. The present invention pertains to: a heat generation method characterized by comprising colliding, in an electrochemical reaction that proceeds in an electrolysis cell, ionic vacancies having a positive charge generated at an anode and ionic vacancies having a negative charge generated at a cathode; and a heat generation device characterized by being equipped with an electrolysis cell provided with an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte solution accommodated within the electrolysis cell, and by generating heat by colliding ionic vacancies of opposite signs generated by causing the electrochemical reaction to proceed in the electrolysis cell via the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a central axis and an anode-cathode pair disposed concentrically within the housing about the central axis and defining an active area between an anode and a cathode of the anode-cathode pair. An active surface area of at least one of the anode and the cathode has a surface area greater than a surface area of an internal surface of the housing. The anode-cathode pair is configured and arranged to direct all fluid passing through the electrochemical cell axially through the active area.

Abstract: A plate for a filter press, a filter press, the use of such a filter press as well as a method of cleaning and sterilization of such a filter press. The plate for a filter press has a base body, consisting of a first material with a hardness H1 and having an outer circumferential surface, and a frame arranged on the outer circumferential surface, consisting of a second material with a hardness H2, where H2<H1, and wherein the frame has on at least one side surface at least one encircling seal protruding relative to the side surface.

Abstract: Improved electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide is provided with a surface-oxidized carbon catalyst. The carbon can be, for example, carbon black or carbon nanotubes. The oxidation of the carbon can be performed, for example, by heating the carbon in nitric acid, or by heating the carbon in a base. The resulting carbon catalyst can have a distinctive oxygen is peak in its X-ray photoelectron spectrum.

Abstract: A method for preparing a multi-component alloy catalyst on which a catalytic metal is supported includes preparing a carbon composite having a carbon support coated with a cationic polymer, supporting a catalytic metal containing at least two metal elements on the carbon composite to prepare an alloy catalyst precursor, and washing the alloy catalyst precursor to remove the cationic polymer.

Abstract: A flow-through electrolysis cell includes a hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode. A method of reducing CO2 includes flowing the CO2 through the hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode of the flow-through electrolysis cell.

Abstract: Self-regulating electrolytic gas generator and implant system including the same. In one embodiment, the electrolytic gas generator is a water electrolyzer and includes a polymer electrolyte membrane with an anode on one side and a cathode on the other side. Anode and cathode seals surround the peripheries of the anode and cathode and include inlets for water and outlets for oxygen and hydrogen, respectively. A cathode current collector is placed in contact with the cathode, and an anode current collector, which may be an elastic, electrically-conductive diaphragm, is positioned proximate to the anode. The anode current collector is reversibly deformable between a first state in which it is in direct physical and electrical contact with the anode and a second state in which it distends, due to gas pressure generated at the anode, so that it is not in physical or electrical contact with the anode, causing electrolysis to cease.

Abstract: Provided are an elastic cushion member and an ion exchange membrane electrolyzer using the same, which elastic cushion member can be installed even in an ion exchange membrane electrolyzer having such a small gap between an electrode and an electrode current collecting plate that a conventional elastic cushion member cannot be arranged therein. An elastic cushion member (10) has a pair of corrosion-resistant metal thin plates (11) arranged at a distance in parallel fashion and a fixing member (12) which fixes the pair of corrosion-resistant metal thin plates (11) and comprises a metal elastic body (13) wound between the pair of corrosion-resistant metal thin plates (11). The fixing member (12) is attached to the pair of corrosion-resistant metal thin plates (11) in a manner that enables detachment of the fixing member therefrom. The metal elastic body (13) is preferred to be a metal coil body.

Abstract: A glucose fuel cell for reception into a given constrained volume of implantation in a vertebrate in which the glucose fuel cell has access to fluid containing glucose. The fuel cell includes an anode adapted to oxidize the glucose, a cathode adapted to reduce an oxidant, and a membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode and separating the anode from the cathode. At least one of the anode or cathode define a flexible sheet that is geometrically deformed to be receivable into the given constrained volume of implantation and increase volumetric power density. Related methods of making a glucose fuel cell of this type and implantable assemblies including the glucose fuel cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a nuclear fuel structure may include reducing a metal oxide in a cathode assembly so as to deposit a metal of the metal oxide on the cathode plate of the cathode assembly, and processing the cathode plate with the metal deposited thereon to fabricate the nuclear fuel structure. The cathode plate may include an upper blade including an electrically conductive material, a lower blade portion connected to the upper blade, and a connection structure configured to secure the lower blade portion to the upper blade while providing electrical continuity. The connection structure may be configured to be disconnected from the lower blade portion to detach the lower blade portion from the upper blade.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for the fabrication of a thin-film solid-state battery with Ni(OH)2 electrode, battery cell, and battery. One example embodiment is a method for fabricating a thin-film solid-state battery cell on a substrate comprising a first current collector layer. The method includes depositing above the first current collector layer a first electrode layer. The first electrode layer is a nanoporous composite layer that includes a plurality of pores having pore walls. The first electrode layer includes a mixture of a dielectric material and an active electrode material. The method also includes depositing above the first electrode layer a porous dielectric layer. The method further includes depositing directly on the porous dielectric layer a second electrode layer. Depositing the second electrode layer includes depositing a porous Ni(OH)2 layer using an electrochemical deposition process.

Abstract: A microfluidic fuel cell with flow-through architecture is provided. The anode and the cathode are porous electrodes and comprise an interstitial pore network. A virtual insulator is located between the electrodes, in an electrolyte channel. The virtual insulator is comprised of a co-laminar flow of an electrolyte. An inlet directs substantially all the flow of liquid reactant through the porous electrode.

Abstract: A mesoporous, nanocrystalline, metal oxide construct particularly suited for capacitive energy storage that has an architecture with short diffusion path lengths and large surface areas and a method for production are provided. Energy density is substantially increased without compromising the capacitive charge storage kinetics and electrode demonstrates long term cycling stability. Charge storage devices with electrodes using the construct can use three different charge storage mechanisms immersed in an electrolyte: (1) cations can be stored in a thin double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface (non-faradaic mechanism); (2) cations can interact with the bulk of an electroactive material which then undergoes a redox reaction or phase change, as in conventional batteries (faradaic mechanism); or (3) cations can electrochemically adsorb onto the surface of a material through charge transfer processes (faradaic mechanism).

Abstract: An electrode is provided that is suitable for use with the electrolysis of water in a liquid electrolyte medium, the electrode formulated by the following formulation method: a) dissolving, in a volatile solvent or a mixture of volatile solvents, at least one ion-conducting polymer binder that allows, in the solid state, the diffusion of the gases formed during electrolysis; b) adding, to the solution obtained in step a), at least one electrocatalytic material in the form of divided powder, in order to obtain a mixture; and c) depositing the mixture obtained in step b) on a metallic or metallic-type conductive support or collector, said support or said collector being openwork and chemically stable in an aqueous medium, steps a) and b) being able to be implemented simultaneously, successively or to be reversed.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.

Abstract: A storage structure of an electrical metal-air energy storage cell is provided including an active storage material and an inert material, wherein particles of the inert material have an aspect ratio of less than 0.7, and wherein subregions of the inert particles are incorporated in a grain volume of grains of the active storage material.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode is described, especially for use in chloralkali electrolysis, said gas diffusion electrode having finely divided components on the liquid side. The electrode is notable for a low perviosity to gases and a lower operating voltage.

Abstract: A bipolar battery plate is utilized for production of a bipolar battery. The bipolar battery plate includes a frame, a substrate, first and second lead layers, and positive and negative active materials. The substrate includes a plurality of perforations through the substrate, and the substrate is positioned within the frame. The first lead layer is positioned on one side of the substrate, while the second lead layer is positioned on another side of the substrate. The first and second lead layers are electrically connected to each through the plurality of perforations. The positive active material is positioned on a surface of the first lead layer, while the negative active material is positioned on a surface of the second lead layer.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell which is partitioned into one or more anode chambers and cathode chambers by one or more partition walls between each anode chamber and cathode chamber, wherein each anode chamber comprises one or more anodes comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, and each cathode chamber comprises one or more cathodes, wherein the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are configured such that any one of the one or more cathodes is adjacent to the outer surface of the one or more anodes and there is no cathode adjacent to the inner surface of the one or more anodes; a molten salt electrolyte surrounding the one or more anodes and the one or more cathodes; at least one anode gas outlet for withdrawing gas from the anode chamber; and at least one cathode gas outlet for withdrawing gas from the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A storage structure of an electrical energy storage cell is provided having an active storage material, wherein the active storage material has a particle size distribution which has a d5 value of at least 0.1 ?m and a d50 value of between 0.8 ?m and 1.1 ?m, wherein the d95 value of the particle size distribution is lower than 10 ?m.

Abstract: An inexpensive, easily renewable bioelectronic device useful for bioreactors, biosensors, and biofuel cells includes an electrically conductive carbon electrode and a bioelectronic interface bonded to a surface of the electrically conductive carbon electrode, wherein the bioelectronic interface includes catalytically active material that is electrostatically bound directly or indirectly to the electrically conductive carbon electrode to facilitate easy removal upon a change in pH, thereby allowing easy regeneration of the bioelectronic interface.

Abstract: The instant disclosure provides an electrolysis cell, which includes: an anode; a cathode block; and a current collector bar configured to be at least partially disposed adjacent to and in electrical communication with the cathode block, wherein the bar comprises: at least one sidewall; an inner void enclosed by the sidewall; and an expandable material retained in the inner void via the at least one sidewall, wherein the expandable material is configured to exert pressure on the wall of the inner void while the bar is at operating temperature, such that the bar is conformed to the cathode block.

Abstract: An electrolytic electrode includes an electrode surface layer formed by a high-temperature heat treatment under a low oxygen partial pressure of 100 Pa or less and includes a valve metal oxide film, the electrode surface layer having, just beneath, a layer which includes a valve metal and a noble metal excluding silver and the noble metal is precipitated and dispersed in a crystal grain boundary of the valve metal, wherein a crystal of the valve metal in a range of down to 30 ?m in a vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is a crystal grain being elongated in a vertical cross-section from the electrode surface and a content of the noble metal in a range of down to 10 ?m in the vertical depth direction from the electrode surface is 5 at % or less.

Abstract: A porous ceramic electrode with metallic coating and a high quantity of iron particles/iron alloys is applied to the top side of the wet (not dried) ceramic electrode, which forms first layer of a bonding process for metallic bonding to ceramics. Iron particles are added to a wet porous ceramic electrode and then attracted to one side of the electrode with a magnetic field; by turning a magnet on and drawing doped iron particles to the bottom side of the ceramic electrode. The iron particles are doped with a bonding agent to improve bonding the ceramic electrode to a second layer of metals. The second layer of metallic coating is a material that improves efficiently of the electrode on products such as fuel cell electrodes, hydrogen generator electrodes and batteries. The second coating may be applied using the atomic layer deposition method or vapor deposition.

Abstract: A method of forming a high surface area transparent conducting electrode is provided that includes depositing a transparent conducting thin film on a conductive substrate, where the transparent conducting thin film includes transparent conductive particles and a solution-based transparent conducting adhesive layer which serves to coat and bind together the transparent conducting particles, and heat treating the transparent conducting adhesion layer on the conductive substrate, where an increased surface area transparent conducting electrode is formed.

Abstract: In accordance with the instant disclosure, aluminum electrolysis cells having reduced cathode voltage drop and methods of operating the same are provided. More particularly, the instant disclosure provides a compression device for applying a force to an end of the current collector subassembly to improve the contact, thereby reducing the joint resistance across the interface between the cathode block and the current collector subassembly. The compression device is used in conjunction with the systems and methods of the instant disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell, including: at least two electrodes, each electrode including: a first and a second surface; and a number of perforations arranged in a substantially uniform pattern; wherein the electrodes are positioned relative to each other such that: at least one surface of each electrode is opposed to a surface of the other electrode, and a gap is formed between the opposed surfaces of the electrodes; wherein the cell includes at least one electrically insulating layer positioned on the opposing surface of at least one electrode, the insulating layer including a number of perforations aligning with the perforations of the electrode on which it is positioned.

Abstract: A nanocomposite material that is both transparent and electrically conductive is provided. The nanocomposite comprises a nanoporous matrix, preferably formed from nanoparticles, that is internally coated with a transparent conductive material to define an internal conductive path within the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite is substantially transparent over a defined spectral range that preferably includes at least a portion of the visible spectrum, and preferably comprises pores with a mean diameter of less than approximately 25 nm. A bilayer may be formed by depositing a layer of a transparent conductive material on top of a nanocomposite layer, or by depositing a second layer of a nanocomposite having different optical properties. The nanocomposites formed using a combination of sequential and/or concurrent deposition techniques are correspondingly discrete and/or continuously varying structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for fabricating a reinforced membrane electrode assembly having one or more freestanding external reinforcement layers. The method comprises providing a freestanding external reinforcement layer, and depositing a catalyst solution and membrane solution onto at least a portion of the freestanding external reinforcement layer.

Abstract: In one aspect, a binder composition for a rechargeable battery, a rechargeable battery employing the same and a method of producing an electrode of the rechargeable battery is provided.

Abstract: A gas permeable or breathable electrode and method of manufacture thereof. In one example there is an electrolytic cell having an electrode comprising a porous material, wherein gas produced at the electrode diffuses out of the cell via the porous material. In operation the gas is produced at the at least one electrode without substantial bubble formation. In another example there is an electrode having a porous conducting material with a hydrophobic layer or coating applied to a side of the porous conducting material. A catalyst may be applied to another side. The gas permeable or breathable electrode can be used in an electrolytic cell, electrochemical cell, battery and/or fuel cell. Gas produced at the electrode diffuses out of a cell via at least part of the electrode, separating the gas from the reaction at the electrode.

Abstract: An exemplary electrolyzer includes an electrode plate assembly including a plurality of perforated electrode plates and electrically conductive busbars. The plurality of electrode plates includes one or more positive electrode plates interleaved with one or more negative electrode plates. Each electrode plate has a first aperture and a second aperture, the second aperture being larger than the first aperture and lined with a non-conductive grommet. The plurality of electrically conductive busbars includes a first positive conductive busbar and a first negative conductive busbar. Respective conductive busbars extend through the first aperture of corresponding positive and negative electrodes and through the non-conductive grommet of the second aperture of each corresponding negative and positive electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anode for electrowinning process in an electrolytic cell, and the method of operation thereof, having cell walls and a cell bottom for holding an electrolyte and electrolyte feeding means, which anode comprises a hanger bar for supporting the anode, a conducting rod for distributing the current, an anode body having at least partly conductive structure. The anode body allows electrolyte penetration and is at least partly covered by electrocatalytic coating, when in connection with the anode there is arranged a non-conductive element, which is restricted to the conductive structure of the anode body, at least from its one side, and which non-conductive element is arranged at a distance A from the electrolyte surface level, when the non-conductive element provides a means for attaching the anode to the cell.

Abstract: A process and related electrode composition are disclosed for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived bio-oil components by the production of hydrogen atoms on a catalyst surface followed by the reaction of the hydrogen atoms with the organic compounds in bio-oil. The catalyst is a metal supported on a monolithic high surface area material such as activated carbon cloth. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation stabilizes the bio-oil under mild conditions to reduce coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The process converts oxygen-containing functionalities and unsaturated bonds into chemically reduced forms with an increased hydrogen content. The process is operated at mild conditions, which enables it to be a good means for stabilizing bio-oil to a form that can be stored and transported using metal containers and pipes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode suitable for decreasing the chemical oxygen demand of waste-water comprising: a) a permanent component; and b) a sacrificial component arranged face-to-face and releasably attached to the permanent component and in electrical contact therewith, said permanent component consisting of a Substrate of a valve metal equipped with a catalytic coating containing noble metals or oxides thereof, said sacrificial component containing elemental iron. Further the invention relates to a method for abatement of the chemical oxygen demand in an aqueous waste containing oily compounds, glycols or waxes, optionally consisting of a foundry waste, by an electrolytic process involving anodic chlorine evolution in the presence of trivalent iron. Chlorine evolution may be carried out on the surface of an anode consisting of a catalytically activated-valve metal permanent component coupled to an iron-containing sacrificial component.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for electrochemistry with a high quality, in which the surface area of the polycrystalline conductive diamond layer is increased and the crystal plane is controlled. In addition, when the catalyst layer of electrode substance is coated on the polycrystalline conductive diamond layer, adherence between the two layers is increased to provide an electrode for electrochemistry with a high durability. The polycrystalline conductive diamond layer is held under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide at a temperature 400 degrees Celsius or higher but 1000 degrees Celsius or lower to make the polycrystalline conductive diamond layer porous and make a specific crystal plane to remain and be formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ozone generator comprising an anode and a cathode provided on each side of a fluororesin type cation exchange membrane, the anode being a conductive diamond electrode having conductive diamond on the surface, wherein water is supplied to an anode compartment, DC current is supplied between the anode and the cathode to electrolyze water to evolve ozone from the anode compartment and hydrogen from a cathode compartment, the conductive diamond electrode comprising a substrate having a plurality of convexo-concave and a conductive diamond film coated on the surface of the substrate is applied as the conductive diamond electrode, and a close packed layer of ion exchange resin particles or the fluororesin type cation exchange membrane with notch is closely adhered to the surface of the anode side of the fluororesin type cation exchange membrane.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electrode for oxygen evolution in electroplating plants comprising a valve metal substrate and an outer catalytic layer, the substrate consisting of a metal plate provided with slits of area ranging from 2 to 8 cm2, said slits being spaced apart by a distance of 5 to 25 cm. The invention also concerns a horizontal electrochemical cell for electro-plating processes comprising at least one of said electrodes, and an electroplating plant equipped with at least one of said cells. The invention also concerns an electroplating process comprising the step of anodically evolving oxygen on the surface of said electrode.

Abstract: Microelectrode comprising a body formed from electrically non-conducting material and including at least one region of electrically conducting material and at least one passage extending through the body of non-conducting material and the region of conducting material, the electrically conducting region presenting an area of electrically conducting material to a fluid flowing through the passage in use. An electrochemical cell which includes such a microelectrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas diffusion layer contains a substrate formed of a carbon containing material and a micro porous layer. The gas diffusion layer can be obtained by dispersing carbon black with a BET surface area of at most 200 m2/g, carbon nanotubes with a BET surface area of at least 200 m2/g and with an average outer diameter of at most 25 nm and a dispersion medium at a shearing rate of at least 1,000 seconds?1 and/or such that, in the dispersion produced, at least 90% of all carbon nanotubes have a mean agglomerate size of at most 25 ?m. The dispersion is applied to at least one portion of at least one side of the substrate, and the dispersion is dried.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst used for conversion of a carbon dioxide gas by an electrochemical reduction includes at least one first catalyst layer and at least one second catalyst layer disposed on a surface of the at least one first catalyst layer. The at least one second catalyst layer is a porous structure. The at least one first catalyst layer and the at least one second catalyst layer are physically combined with each other, and materials of the at least one first catalyst layer and the at least one second catalyst layer are different. A cathode material and a reactor include the cathode catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: An anode (3) and a cathode (5), interposing a solid polymer film (7), are disposed. While supplying purified water from a supply port (13a) of an anode chamber (13), wherein the anode (3) is disposed, and a supply port (15a) of a cathode chamber (15), wherein the cathode (5) is disposed, direct electric current is applied between the anode (3) and the cathode (5). As a result, ozone-water is discharged from an outlet port (13b) of the anode chamber (13). In such an electrolysis cell (1), a free-standing conductive diamond plate, formed by microwave plasma assisted CVD so as to have a thickness of 0.8 mm, is used as the anode (3). The diamond plate is provided with holes, having a diameter of 1 mm and disposed such that a center distance therebetween becomes 2 mm. Therefore, the electrolysis cell (1) can stably produce ozone without causing exfoliation of the anode (3), even when high voltage and large current are applied between the anode (3) and the cathode (5).

Abstract: A removable electrode module for engagement with an electrolysis chamber comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a suspension structure. The suspension structure comprises a suspension rod coupled to the first electrode. The second electrode is suspended or supported by the suspension structure, which comprises at least one electrically-insulating spacer element for retaining the second electrode in spatial separation from the first electrode.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polyamic acid represented by the following formula (I), and an electrode having an active layer made from the polyamic acid of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, a reactor using the transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst, and methods of making and using a transition metal chalcogenide photocatalyst for reforming CH4 with CO2.

Abstract: A method for producing ozone-water includes steps of providing a cathode and an anode so as to interpose a solid polymer film therebetween, and electrolyzing water. A conductive diamond having one of a porous structure and a mesh structure is used as the anode. Ozone-water of an intermediate to high temperature is produced by electrolyzing water of an intermediate to high temperature.

Abstract: A porous electrochemical electrode is made up of a solid cellular material provided in the form of a semi-graphitised carbon monolith comprising a hierarchised porous network free of mesopores and including macropores with a mean dimension dA of 1 ?m to 100 ?m, and micropores with a mean dimension dI of 0.5 nm to 2 nm, said macropores and micropores being interconnected. In said electrode, the macropores contain at least one electroactive species in direct contact with the semi-graphitised carbon that makes up the surface of the macropores. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such an electrode as well as to the use thereof as a biosensor or for manufacturing a biopile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode for diaphragm chlor-alkali cells delimited by a conductive foraminous surface and having an internal volume containing two juxtaposed elements aimed at improving the fluid and electrical current distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell having an oxidation site defined by an anode, an anode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte anolyte where oxidation is effected, a cathode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte catholyte where reduction is effected, a cathode comprising conducting cathode particulates forming a cathode particulates bed and a current feeder device in at least intermittent contact with said cathode particulates where the cathode particulates are in motion and the particulates motion is substantially independent of bulk electrolyte flow, a separator which confines the cathode particulates to the cathode compartment, constrains electrolyte flow through the cathode particulates bed and permits ionic conduction of current between the anode and cathode, a cathode particulates conveyance system arranged to manipulate cathode particulates motion including a magnetic subsystem having at least one source of magnetic field arranged to