Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst.

Abstract: An ion exchange composition membrane is made up of dispersed natural clay and/or organized clay in ion conducting polymeric film as a methanol barrier material. The membrane exhibits low methanol crossover, high proton conductivity and is thus suitable for use in direct methanol fuel cells with low costal advantage.

Abstract: In order to regulate the metal ion concentration in an electrolyte fluid serving to electrolytically deposit metal and additionally containing substances of an electrochemically reversible redox system, it has been known in the art to conduct at least one portion of the electrolyte fluid through one auxiliary cell provided with one insoluble auxiliary anode and at least one auxiliary cathode, a current being conducted between them by applying a voltage. Accordingly, excess quantities of the oxidized substances of the redox system are reduced at the auxiliary cathode, the formation of ions of the metal to be deposited being reduced as a result thereof. Starting from this prior art, the present invention relates to using pieces of the metal to be deposited as an auxiliary cathode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide an electrochemical plating cell having a cell body configured to contain a plating solution therein. An anode assembly is immersed in a fluid solution contained in the cell body, the anode being positioned in an anode compartment of the cell body. A cathode assembly is positioned in a cathode compartment of the cell body, and a multilevel diffusion differentiated permeable membrane is positioned between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The multilevel diffusion differentiated permeable membrane is generally configured to separate the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, while allowing a fluid solution to flow therethrough in a direction from the anode compartment towards the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical cell for the separation of hydrogen and oxygen from water made of a fuel plenum with a fuel inlet, a oxidant plenum, a porous substrate, an undulating channel with walls, a support member between the walls, an anode and a cathode in the walls, an electrolyte contacting the anode and the cathode forming a barrier preventing transfer of fuel and oxidant to the cathode or to the anode, a two separate coatings on the porous substrate to prevent fuel or oxidant from entering the porous substrate, a sealant barrier to divide the two plenums, and a negative electrical and a positive electrical connection on the side of the porous substrate for flowing current from an outside source to the porous substrate.

Abstract: A battery separator comprising at least one fibrous layer and at least one support layer, wherein the support layer is formed of an acid-resistant material and comprises a plurality of macroscopic openings.

Abstract: A battery separator comprising at least one fibrous layer and at least one support layer, wherein the support layer is formed of an acid-resistant material and comprises a plurality of macroscopic openings.

Abstract: an electrochemical apparatus is provided. The electrochemical apparatus includes a hydrogen manufacturing and preserving device capable of manufacturing hydrogen and compressing and charging the so manufactured hydrogen. The apparatus includes an electrolytic unit for generating a hydrogen gas on electrolysis, a pressurizing unit for compressing the hydrogen gas generated by the electrolytic unit and a charging unit for charging the compressed hydrogen gas to the hydrogen gas tanks. The pressurizing unit operates as a fuel cell unit run reversible on being supplied with the hydrogen gas from the charging unit and with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a solid electrolyte and an electrochemical system using the solid electrolyte which has a little expansion (swelling) and whose strength does not decrease in case of positioning the solid electrolyte including a complex compound composed of an inorganic compound, polyvinyl alcohol, and water, in a wet condition. It is possible to use the solid electrolyte in a device such as a fuel cell or an electrolytic device used with the wet condition. The solid electrolyte has a little size variation even if humidity varies and has a low methanol permeability.

Abstract: An oxygen enrichment system is provided. The system includes an electrochemical cell for generating oxygen from ambient air. The electrochemical cell extracts oxygen from ambient air based on hydroxide conduction. A mixer is provided in fluid communication with ambient air, and an outlet provides oxygen enriched air to a user or air-breathing apparatus. In further embodiments, a purification system is also included. The air enrichment system may be employed with suitable batteries to provide a portable air enrichment device.

Abstract: A storage stable hydrogen cell comprising an anode cap subassembly, cathode can subassembly, and a grommet is disclosed. For one embodiment the cathode in the cathode can subassembly is configured for contact with the electrolyte. The cathode is hydrogen permeable and substantially impermeable to O2, CO2 and water. In turn, the cathode can preclude the passage of O2, CO2 and water into and out of the cell, and simultaneously can facilitate the permeation of hydrogen through at least one aperture in the cell. In another embodiment, a commercially available Zn-air cell is converted into storage stable H2 cells by sealing a membrane structure around the apertures of the Zn-air cell. Such membrane precludes the passage of O2, CO2 and water into and out of cell but allows the passage of hydrogen generated in the cell through the aperture of the cell and through the membrane.

Abstract: The invention provides a resin matrix with high loadings of a conductive filler; various additional additives, such as initiators, mold-release agents, shrink control additives, and carbon black; and optionally one or more rheological agents selected from the group comprising group II oxides, alkaline earth oxides, carbodiamides, polyisocynates, polyethylene and polytetraethylene fluoroethylene. The conductive filler is an inorganic filler which is desirably particulate graphite having a significant distribution of large particles such as for example, 95% in the range of about 150 to about 1000 microns with over about 40%, and more particularly about 50% or even 60% over 200 microns, or over 300 microns, or even over 600 microns. Conductive polymers may be used as a conductivity enhancer with the graphite. In addition, silver coated ceramic fibers can be added to improve the overall electrical properties. Fuel cell plates can be made from these compositions.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte layer or body capable of being co-fired with an insulating ceramic substrate or body to be used as a gas sensor laminate. The gas sensor laminate is preferably composed of an alumina substrate (1) and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer (6) bonded to the alumina substrate (1) by firing. The oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer or body is formed from partially or wholly stabilized zirconia, which layer contains alumina in an amount of 10% to 80% by weight, particularly 30% to 75% by weight. In this manner, another ceramic layer; particularly, a ceramic layer (7) of alumina can further be bonded to the oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer. The relative density of the ceramic layer can be 60% to 99.5%, preferably 80% to 99.5%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nuclear fuel electrorefiner having a vessel containing a molten electrolyte pool floating on top of a cadmium pool. An anodic fuel dissolution basket and a high-efficiency cathode are suspended in the molten electrolyte pool. A shroud surrounds the fuel dissolution basket and the shroud is positioned so as to separate the electrolyte pool into an isolated electrolyte pool within the shroud and a bulk electrolyte pool outside the shroud. In operation, unwanted noble-metal fission products migrate downward into the cadmium pool and form precipitates where they are removed by a filter and separator assembly. Uranium values are transported by the cadmium pool from the isolated electrolyte pool to the bulk electrolyte pool, and then pass to the high-efficiency cathode where they are electrolytically deposited thereto.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor is provided which can be assembled economically and in a few steps. The electrodes (1, 2, 3) with associated electric lines are applied in a planiform manner to a membrane strip, which is impermeable to the electrolyte but permeable to gases. The membrane strip (6) is deposited in the sensor housing in a zigzag-folded pattern, so that the membrane strip limits the opening of the sensor housing for the entry of the measured gas. The electrodes (1, 2, 3) are arranged stacked in the sensor housing (5, 7) at spaced locations from one another due to the membrane strip (6) deposited in a zigzag-folded pattern.

Abstract: The subject invention provides unique materials and methods for selectively removing molecules from a medium. In a preferred embodiment of the subject invention, microemulsions are specifically designed to facilitate effective separation of even closely related chemical entities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide an electrochemical plating cell having a cell body configured to contain a plating solution therein. An anode assembly is immersed in a fluid solution contained in the cell body, the anode being positioned in an anode compartment of the cell body. A cathode assembly is positioned in a cathode compartment of the cell body, and a multilevel diffusion differentiated permeable membrane is positioned between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment. The multilevel diffusion differentiated permeable membrane is generally configured to separate the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, while allowing a fluid solution to flow therethrough in a direction from the anode compartment towards the cathode compartment.

Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adding a metal, for example sodium, to a melt of a material, for example aluminum, in a vessel, in which a molten compound of the metal or a solution of a compound of the metal is provided in a container (12), the container being positioned outside the vessel, the compound is electrolytically decomposed and ions of the metal are caused to pass through a wall of a solid-state electrolyte (14) which is a conductor therefor, from a first side of the wall to an opposite second side thereof, and to combine with electrons at the second side of the wall and then to flow as molten metal from the container into the melt in the vessel.

Abstract: A ductile, solid electrolyte composite comprising a continuous, ordered, repeating ductile metallic array surrounded by and supporting an ionically conductive ceramic matrix such as stabilized zirconia, bismuth and/or ceria oxides.

Abstract: In double-layer capacitor and rechargeable battery electrochemical cell systems comprising opposed electrode members of polymeric matrix composition having an interposed electrically insulative, ion-conductive separator member incorporating electrolyte solution, thermal lamination of the electrode members to an interposed paper separator member to form a unitary cell structure is enabled by initially providing in the region of the separator/electrode interface, either incorporated into the electrode composition or situated in the separator member, a sufficient amount of a supplemental plasticizer compatible with the electrode matrix polymer to render at least the surface portion of the electrode composition capable of adhesive flow under the selected conditions of laminating heat and pressure. After lamination, a sufficient amount of the supplemental plasticizer is removed, by evaporation or selective extraction, to ensure against delamination of the cell structure in the event of exposure to vagrant heating.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: A solid-state hydroxide (OH−) conductive membrane provides up to five times higher ionic conductivity and surface oxygen exchange rate than conventional MIEC membranes, while operating at significantly lower temperatures and providing reduced overall system cost. The hydroxide conductive membrane utilizes a porous ceramic backbone, pores of which are injected with an electrolyte. A catalyst is provided as discrete layers disposed at the anode and cathode. The membrane of the present invention may be utilized in combination with an external voltage source to drive the oxygen generating reaction. Alternatively, the pores may be metallized and a pressure gradient utilized to drive the reaction. The membrane thus provides discrete materials to provide ionic conduction, electronic conduction, and structural support.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus prevents anode-mediated degradation of electrolyte additives by creating a mechanism for maintaining separate anolyte and catholyte and preventing mixing thereof within a plating chamber. The separation is accomplished by interposing a porous chemical transport barrier between the anode and cathode. The transport barrier limits the chemical transport (via diffusion and/or convection) of all species but allows migration of ionic species (and hence passage of current) during application of sufficiently large electric fields within electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention presents an ion conductor with high reliability, that is one of the following perovskite oxides: {circle around (1)} perovskite oxide of the composition BaZr1-xCexO3-p (0<x<0.8); {circle around (2)} perovskite oxide consisting essentially of Ba, Zr, Ce and O, and substantially conducting protons only; {circle around (3)} perovskite oxide of the composition BaZr1-x-yCexMyO3-p (M, O≦x<1,0<y<1, x+y<1) that is a single-phase polycrystal of cubic, tetragonal or orthorhombic crystal structure whose unit cell edges a, b and c (with a≧b≧c) satisfy 0.8386 nm<a<0.8916 nm and b/a≧0.90; {circle around (4)} perovskite oxide of the same composition as in {circle around (3)} that is a single-phase sintered product with a density of at least 96% of the theoretical density; and {circle around (5)} perovskite oxide of the same composition as in {circle around (3)} that is a single-phase sintered product with 1 to 30 &mgr;m granular diameter.

Abstract: A galvanic cell system (50) in fluid communication with a dewatering system (40) of an inhibited oxidation scrubber (20) removes an oxidation catalyst, i.e., solution phase iron (98), from the process liquor (42) produced by the dewatering system (40) and replaces the iron (98) with magnesium (104) in an oxidation-reduction reaction. An electrolytic cell system (154) in fluid communication with a dewatering system (144) of a forced oxidation scrubber (128) removes an oxidation inhibitor, i.e., solution phase aluminum (174), from the process liquor (146) produced by the dewatering system (144) and replaces the aluminum (174) with iron (170) in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The process liquor (42, 146) is subsequently returned to the scrubber (20, 128) with the solution phase metal (98, 174) selectively removed, thereby enhancing the scrubbing efficiency of the scrubber (20, 128).

Abstract: A bipolar membrane which exhibits a low water dissociation voltage for an extended period of time under a high current density condition, and a high current efficiency, without developing blister. The bipolar membrane comprises a cation-exchange membrane and an anion-exchange membrane which are joined together, wherein ion-exchange resin particles having ions exchanged with ions of a metal of an atomic number 20 to 90, such as titanium, zirconium, tin, iron, ruthenium or palladium, or with complex ions of said metal are existing on the junction interface between the cation-exchange membrane and the anion-exchange membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of oxygen using novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. The process uses membranes that are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, which are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25° C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Abstract: A solid acid material is used as a proton conducting membrane in an electrochemical device. The solid acid material can be one of a plurality of different kinds of materials. A binder can be added, and that binder can be either a nonconducting or a conducting binder. Nonconducting binders can be, for example, a polymer or a glass. A conducting binder enables the device to be both proton conducting and electron conducting. The solid acid material has the general form MaHb(XOt)c.

Abstract: This invention relates, particularly, to a plating method and apparatus for a substrate for uses, such as the filling of a metal, e.g., copper (Cu), into a fine interconnection pattern (recesses) formed in a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a solid electrolyte which conducts oxygen ions, and a positive electrode comprising zeolites, mordenites, silicates, phosphates or mixed-metal oxides having a pore size of less than 200 nm can be used in a process for partially oxidizing organic compounds, for example alkanes, olefins or aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A multi-phase solid electrolyte ion transport membrane comprising at least two phases wherein one of the phases comprises an oxygen ion single conductive material. The other phase comprises an electronically-conductive metal or metal oxide conducting phase is present in a low volume percentage. One method for achieving this result incorporates the minority phase into the powder from which the membrane is made by deposition of the metal or metal oxide from a polymer made by polymerizing a chelated metal dispersion in a polymerizable organic monomer or prepolymer. The multi-phase composition advantageously comprises a first phase of a ceramic material and a second phase of a metal or metal oxide bound to a surface of the ceramic material. A second method fabricates the membrane from a mixture of two powders one of which contains a mixture of the two phases.

Abstract: A hydrogen source system delivers a controlled fuel stream to applications, using wicking to control the contact between a mixture of NaBH4, NaOH and H2O and a hydrolyzing catalyst to create a feedback mechanism to automatically maintain a constant pressure production supply of hydrogen. A small compact device packaged for storage, the system operates in any orientation and is mobile. The system is a small portable packaged hydrogen generator for small fuel cells to power applications that are currently powered by batteries. These packaged devices have higher energy per unit mass, higher energy per unit volume, are more convenient for energy users, environmentally less harmful, and less expensive than conventional power sources.

Abstract: Magnetic composites exhibit distinct flux properties due to gradient interfaces. The composites can be used to improve fuel cells and effect transport and separation of different species of materials. A variety of devices can be made utilizing the composites including a separator, a cell, an electrode for channeling flux of magnetic species, an electrode for effecting electrolysis of magnetic species, a system for channeling electrolyte species, a system for separating particles with different magnetic susceptibilities. Some composites can be used to make a dual sensor for distinguishing between two species of materials and a flux switch to regulate the flow of a redox species and a flux switch to regulate the flow of a chemical species. Some composites can control chemical species transport and distribution.

Abstract: Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion conducting ceramic membrane selectively permeable to a gas, for instance oxygen and a method of treating such a membrane to improve permeation through the membrane. The membrane is formed by a mass of a substance through which ions of the gas migrate. The mass has two opposed surfaces where dissociation and ionization of the gas occurs and gas ions release electrons and recombine to form molecules of the gas, respectively. At least one of said two opposed surfaces is treated by a removal of surface material to produce surface irregularities of increased area and therefore an increase in total surface area of a treated surface to in turn increase permeation of the gas. Preferably, both surfaces of the membrane are treated by chemical etching techniques, although sand blasting and ion etching are other possible surface treatments in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A bipolar membrane, usable for electrodialysis of aqueous electrolytes, comprises two ion exchange membranes, respectively anionic and cationic, juxtaposed along a common surface, wherein, along said common surface, a gel based on hydrated metal sulpate and/or sulphite, including less than 0.01 mol % of indium, cerium, manganese and copper sulphates gel, is formed.

Abstract: An oxide ion mixed conductive substance has the formula of A.sub.1-x Ca.sub.x Ga.sub.1-y B.sub.y oxide, wherein A is at least one lanthanoid element having a trivalent octacoordinated ion radius of 1.05 to 1.15 .ANG., B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni and Cu, x is 0.05 to 0.3, y is 0.05 to 0.3. The oxide ion mixed conductive substance has the perovskite structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a ceramics sheet which has an area of 400 cm.sup.2 or more, thickness of 0.4 mm or less, maximum waviness height of 100 .mu.m or less, and warp of 0.1% or less and in which frequency of generated cracking and breakage is 10% or less when a load-applying test and a deflection-loading test each described in the text are carried out in succession, and a flat and large ceramics sheet having an area of 600 cm.sup.2 or more and thickness of 1 mm or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diaphragm elements for an electrolytic filter press assembly comprising anode and cathode compartments separated with diaphragms. The diaphragm elements comprise a frame (1) which is rigid steel covered by a flexible vulcanizable material (6) serving as electrical insulation and simultaneously sealing and being integrated with fastening device (4) with openings (7) for bolts for securing the diaphragm (12) to the frame (1). T-formed elements (2,3) form gas/liquid channels with the frame (1) and are secured to it by bolts (5) and covered by material (6) integral with the sealing/insulating material (6) around frame (1).

Abstract: A solid electrolyte ion transport membrane comprising a matrix material which conducts at least one type of ion such as oxygen ions, and at least one constituent which is physically distinct from the matrix material and which enhances the mechanical properties, the catalytic properties and/or the sintering behavior of the matrix material. The constituent is present in a manner which precludes continuous electronic conductivity through the constituent across the membrane.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided that increases current efficiency in the fused alkali chloride salt electrolysis process for producing chlorine and sodium or lithium by improved design of the cell's product collector, diaphragm and graphite anode.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemical purification of water and for regulation of acid-alkaline properties, Red-Ox characteristics and catalytic activity of water that can be used for obtaining washing and disinfecting solutions. The apparatus includes at least one electrochemical cell which contain vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes made from material nonsoluble during electrolysis and an ultrafiltration ceramic diaphragm installed in the bushings between the electrodes to create inter-electrode space in the electrode chambers. The lower and upper bushings have a channels for the treated solution supply into and discharge from the electrode chambers. The channels are connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. There is also a metering pump on the water line for sodium chloride dosing into the water to be treated. The water line contains a flow regulator connected to the feeding and discharging adjustment lines. Poles of the power supply are connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: Methods, and various apparatus therefor, are disclosed for the electrolytic treatment of an acidic solution. Generally the method comprises: (a) providing an electrolytic cell, the cell comprising: (i) an anode chamber and an anode therein; (ii) a cathode chamber and a cathode therein; and (iii) a diaphragm. Usually the diaphragm is of a non-isotropic fibrous mat comprising 5-70 weight percent organic halocarbon polymer fiber in adherent combination with about 30-95 weight percent of finely divided inorganic particulate impacted into said fiber during fiber formation, the diaphragm having a weight per unit of surface area of about 3-12 kilograms per square meter. The method can continue by (b) introducing the acidic solution into the cell; (c) impressing a current on the anode and the cathode causing the migration of ions through the diaphragm; and (d) recovering a product of the electrolytic treatment from the anode chamber, or the cathode chamber, or from both chambers.

Abstract: An electrolyzer, including a lower electrolyte chamber for receiving liquid electrolyte flux and having disposed therein anode and cathode electrodes for producing anodic and cathodic gases. A first barrier is disposed in the lower electrolyte chamber between the anode and cathode electrodes having a plurality of V-shaped passageways for allowing the passage of electrons but for preventing the recombination of anodic and cathodic gases. The electrolyzer also includes an upper gas chamber having an anodic gas compartment and a cathodic gas compartment for receiving therein the anodic and cathodic gases produced in the lower electrolyte chamber. The upper gas chamber includes a second barrier disposed between the anodic and cathodic gas compartments having no passageways in order to prevent the recombination of anodic and cathodic gases. The second barrier is connected to the first barrier.

Abstract: An article for the separation, storage and delivery of substantially pure oxygen, comprises a closed walled, hollow container wherein at least a portion of at least one wall of the container is an oxygen separation material, providing a sole means for transporting substantially all oxygen into the container.An apparatus for the delivery of oxygen comprises means for transferring oxygen from a fluid containing oxygen to at least one such container at elevated temperature and pressure. The apparatus can provide means for transporting said the substantially pure oxygen-bearing container, means for storing said the container, and means for extracting oxygen from the container.A process includes filling the article with substantially pure oxygen, and, storing the substantially pure oxygen within the container for a selected period of time. The process may include releasing the oxygen from the container.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and for extracting oxygen from a gas containing N.sub.2 O, NO, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.2, or SO.sub.3 is described. The process is characterized by the use of mixed metal oxide materials having a perovskite structure represented by the formula:A.sub.s A'.sub.t B.sub.u B'.sub.v B".sub.w O.sub.xwherein A represents a lanthanide or Y, or a mixture thereof; A' represents an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof; B represents Fe; B' represents Cr or Ti, or a mixture thereof; and B" represents Mn, Co, V, Ni, or Cu, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25.degree. C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Abstract: Preparation, structure, and properties of mixed metal oxide compositions and their uses are described. Mixed metal oxide compositions of the invention have stratified crystalline structure identifiable by means of powder X-ray diffraction patterns. In the form of dense ceramic membranes, the present compositions demonstrate an ability to separate oxygen selectively from a gaseous mixture containing oxygen and one or more other volatile components by means of ionic conductivities.

Abstract: An improved ink material, particularly for use in printing processes and its use in improved manufacturing processes for higher performance electrodes for application in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices is disclosed.