Abstract: An apparatus includes a body portion that defines a reservoir and a set of substantially flexible capillaries. The set of substantially flexible capillaries are fixedly coupled to the body portion and in fluid communication with the reservoir. A connector is configured to be coupled to the body portion to be in fluid communication with the reservoir and the set of substantially flexible capillaries. The connector is further configured to be coupled to a vacuum source. The apparatus is arranged such that at least a part of the body portion is electrically conductive. Methods for separating and detecting an analyte from a biological sample with the apparatus are also provided. For example, methods for separating and detecting one or more proteins from a cellular lysate or a purified protein are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for glycan analysis is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of loading wells adapted to receive a plurality of samples; a plurality of capillaries arranged in correspondence with the loading wells, each of the capillaries including a first portion including a stacking gel and a second portion including a resolving gel; and a plurality of eluting wells arranged in correspondence with the capillaries and adapted to receive a portion of the samples having traversed the capillaries.

Abstract: A fluidic system that includes at least one channel for the transport of a liquid, the channel being formed of an absorbent material; and at least one switchable polymer gel that functions as a storage reservoir and/or valve for the liquid and is in contact with the absorbent material of the channel.

Abstract: In one aspect, a biological sequencing device comprising a cartridge configured to be removed from the instrument is disclosed. In various embodiments the cartridge can include one or more capillaries suitable for capillary electrophoresis, a reservoir and a pump. In various embodiments the reservoir can contain a separation matrix. In various embodiments the pump can load a capillary with separation matrix. In another aspect the biological sequencing device can include one or more capillaries and an integrated valve assembly. In various embodiments the integrated valve assembly can provide a polymer to the one or more capillaries.

Abstract: Provided is inter alia to an electrophoresis assisted method for purifying a target nucleic acid from a nucleic acid containing sample, comprising (a) binding the target nucleic acid to a solid phase; (b) placing the solid phase with the bound target nucleic acid into a loading chamber of a device, wherein the device comprises a passage which comprises the loading chamber, optionally a liquid permeable separation matrix adjacent to the loading chamber, and a liquid permeable collection matrix and wherein the solid phase with the bound target nucleic acid is present in the loading chamber in a liquid medium comprising at least one water-miscible organic solvent and wherein the target nucleic acid remains bound to the solid phase in said liquid medium; (c) generating an electric field between a cathode and an anode and using a running solution that conducts the electric current, wherein the running solution dilutes the liquid medium comprised in the loading chamber resulting in elution of the bound target nu

Abstract: Novel compositions for removing impurities such as, protein aggregates, from a sample containing a protein of interest, e.g., an antibody. Such compositions can be used prior to the virus filtration step during protein purification, to remove aggregates and protect the virus filter from fouling, therefore improving virus filter capacity. A porous solid support including a co-polymer having at least two monomers, wherein at least one of the monomers comprises acrylamide and at least a second monomer comprises a hydrophobic binding group, where the solid support selectively binds protein aggregates, thereby to separate the monomeric protein of interest from the protein aggregates. The method can be performed under neutral to high pH and high conductivity conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid composition comprising polymer chains and particles of an inorganic material in a liquid, an article comprising said liquid composition, a gel obtained from said liquid composition, an article comprising said gel, and the use of said liquid composition. The liquid composition comprises polymer chains and particles of an inorganic material in a liquid, wherein the polymer chains are linked to particles of the inorganic material by means of a functional group that is present in the polymer chains, wherein the polymer used has a lower critical solution temperature in the liquid used, and wherein the liquid composition exhibits thermo-induced gelation.

Abstract: Novel compositions for removing impurities such as, protein aggregates, from a sample containing a protein of interest, e.g., an antibody. Such compositions can be used prior to the virus filtration step during protein purification, to remove aggregates and protect the virus filter from fouling, therefore improving virus filter capacity. A porous solid support including a co-polymer having at least two monomers, wherein at least one of the monomers comprises acrylamide and at least a second monomer comprises a hydrophobic binding group, where the solid support selectively binds protein aggregates, thereby to separate the monomeric protein of interest from the protein aggregates. The method can be performed under neutral to high pH and high conductivity conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body portion that defines a reservoir and a set of substantially flexible capillaries. The set of substantially flexible capillaries are fixedly coupled to the body portion and in fluid communication with the reservoir. A connector is configured to be coupled to the body portion to be in fluid communication with the reservoir and the set of substantially flexible capillaries. The connector is further configured to be coupled to a vacuum source. The apparatus is arranged such that at least a part of the body portion is electrically conductive. Methods for separating and detecting an analyte from a biological sample with the apparatus are also provided. For example, methods for separating and detecting one or more proteins from a cellular lysate or a purified protein are also provided.

Abstract: A method that produces coupled radical products from biomass. The method involves obtaining a lipid or carboxylic acid material from the biomass. This material may be a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, a triglyceride of a carboxylic acid, or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, or any other fatty acid derivative. This lipid material or carboxylic acid material is converted into an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt is then used in an anolyte as part of an electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell may include an alkali ion conducting membrane (such as a NaSICON membrane). When the cell is operated, the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid decarboxylates and forms radicals. Such radicals are then bonded to other radicals, thereby producing a coupled radical product such as a hydrocarbon. The produced hydrocarbon may be, for example, saturated, unsaturated, branched, or unbranched, depending upon the starting material.

Abstract: Devices to detect a substance and methods of producing such a device are disclosed. An example device to detect a substance includes a housing defining an externally accessible chamber and a seal to enclose at least a portion of the chamber. The example device also includes a substrate includes nanoparticles positioned within the chamber. The nanoparticles to react to the substance when exposed thereto. The example device also includes a non-analytic solution within the chamber to protect the nanoparticles from premature exposure.

Abstract: A microfluidic detection system for micrometer-sized entities, such as biological cells, includes a detector component incorporating a plate with a plurality of opening, the plate separating two chambers, one in communication with a fluid source containing target entities bound to magnetic beads. The openings are sized to always permit passage of the magnetic beads therethrough into a lower one of the chambers and are further sized to always prevent passage of the target entities from the upper one of the chambers. The detector component further includes a magnet positioned to pull unbound magnetic beads through the openings and to capture target entities bound to magnetic beads on the surface of the plate. In a further feature, the microfluidic detection system is configured to pass target molecules through the plate to be bound to a functionalized surface of the lower chamber.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and system for on-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) to high-resolution mass spectrometry in which a sheath flow buffer comprising polar organic solvent and organic acid is used as both an immobilization solution for (cIEF) and an ionization solution for electrospray ionization (ESI).

Abstract: A method of detecting one or more compounds, chemicals or contaminants in a substrate by mass spectrometry is disclosed. A non-living substrate is analyzed by contacting the substrate with a diathermy knife. An electric current is applied to the diathermy knife such that the diathermy knife vaporizes a portion of the substrate. The vapor is aspirated via a sampling tube pumped by a venturi pump into a vacuum chamber of a mass spectrometer. Analyte molecules are aspirated into the vacuum chamber whereupon they impact a surface of the vacuum chamber and are ionized to form analyte ions which are then mass analyzed.

Abstract: A method for nucleic acid analysis including injecting a slight amount of nucleic acid sample for analysis, characterized in that most of a nucleic acid sample which is not used, excluding the slight amount of the nucleic acid sample which is used for analysis, can be obtained as a pure product which is not contaminated with a fluorescent material, and a microchip for analyzing nucleic acid which enables such method for nucleic acid analysis, are provided. The method for nucleic acid analysis may analyze at least two different nucleic acid samples in a continuous manner by sequentially injecting the at least two different nucleic acid samples.

Abstract: Embodiments of an electrophoresis device and methods for using the same in analyte separation applications are provided. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure include microfluidic devices having a single electrophoretic separation channel containing a separation medium. Systems according to embodiments of the present disclosure are configured to monitor analyte fronts moving through the electrophoretic separation channel in order to detect differentially migrating analytes, i.e., the systems are configured for moving boundary electrophoresis (MBE).

Abstract: Provided are devices that include a support, a free-standing polymeric separation medium associated with the support and configured to separate a sample along a directional axis, and a sample-loading element associated with the polymeric separation medium. Systems that include the devices, as well as methods of using the devices, are also provided. Embodiments of the present disclosure find use in a variety of different applications, including detecting whether an analyte is present in a fluid sample.

Abstract: A fabric phase sorptive extractor (FPSE) is a sampling device where a flexible fabric is coated with at least one sol-gel derived film that includes at least two of a metal oxide portion, a siloxy portion, and an organic portion, where the gel has at least some amorphous portions. The FPSE is flexible such that it can be used in an extended form or draped over a solid surface to contact a gaseous, liquid, or solid environment and can be manipulated for placement in a container where the absorbed analyte can be removed from the FPSE for instrumental analysis. The FPSE can have specific functionalities that bind to specific analytes or can provide a general sorbent medium for extraction of a wide range of analytes, such that the sampling device can be employed for sampling analytes with biological, environmental, food, pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, clinical, forensic, toxicological, national security, public health, and/or safety implications.

Abstract: The invention relates to graft copolymers, their preparation, and compositions, such as electrophoresis separation media, containing the same; also to ultra-high molecular weight poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (“poly(DMA)”) polymers, their preparation, and compositions, such as electrophoresis separation media, containing the same; and more particularly to supports, such as capillaries, containing these polymers and methods for separating biomolecules, especially polynucleotides, using capillary electrophoresis. The graft copolymers can be prepared by, e.g., grafting polyacrylamide units onto a poly(DMA) backbone. Separation media comprising such graft copolymers or ultra-high molecular weight poly(DMA) polymers yield superior performance in the analysis and separation of biomolecules by capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: A detection optics configuration for bio-analysis, in which the direction of incident radiation, the axis of the separation channel, and the direction of collection of the output radiation are coplanar at the detection zone. The detection configuration incorporates ball-end optical fibers to direct incident radiation at and collection of output radiation from the detection zone. The detection optics configuration may be implemented in an improved bio-separation instrument, in particular a capillary electrophoresis instrument.

Abstract: A cartridge-based bio-separation system configured to utilize a pen shaped bio-separation cartridge that is easy to assemble and use with no moving parts and that has an integrated reagent (separation buffer) reservoir. The cartridge includes a body, defining an opening as a detection window for receiving external detection optics, at least one capillary column supported in the body, having a first end extending beyond a first end of the body, wherein the detection window exposes a section along the capillary column, to which the external optics are aligned through the detection window, and a reservoir attached to a second end of the body in fluid flow communication with a second end of the capillary column. The reservoir is structured to be coupled to an air pressure pump that pressurizes the gel reservoir to purge and fill the capillaries with buffer as the separation support medium.

Abstract: Microfluidic methods of assaying molecule switching are provided. Aspects of the methods include microfluidically separating a sample containing the molecule of interest and then employing the resultant separation pattern to determine a switching characteristic of the molecule. Also provided are microfluidic devices, as well as systems and kits that include the devices, which find use in practicing embodiments of the methods. The methods, devices, systems and kits find use in a variety of different applications, such as analytical and diagnostic assays.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions, methods and kits for high speed, high resolution of analytes by capillary electrophoresis starting with uncoated capillaries. The compositions comprise a sieving component, comprising a non-crosslinked acrylamide polymer, and a surface interaction component, comprising at least one uncharged and non-crosslinked water-soluble silica-adsorbing polymer. Methods for employing the novel compositions in capillary electrophoresis are provided. Kits comprising the novel compositions for use in the novel methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel microfluidic device enabling on-chip implementation of a two-dimensional separation methodology. Previously disclosed microscale immobilized pH gradients (IPG) are combined with perpendicular polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) microchannels to achieve orthogonal separations of biological samples. Device modifications enable inclusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the second dimension. The device can be fabricated to use either continuous IPG gels, or the microscale isoelectric fractionation membranes we have also previously disclosed, for the first dimension. The invention represents the first all-gel two-dimensional separation microdevice, with significantly higher resolution power over existing devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides germania-silica-based sol-gel monoliths that form the solid-phase material for extraction, isolation, preconcentration, and separation of analytes. In one embodiment, the germania-silica-based sol-gel monolith can be used to coat surfaces of the inner walls of extraction and chromatographic columns. In a preferred embodiment, the sol-gel germania-silica monolith of the present invention is formed from hydrolysis and polycondensation of precursors comprising tetraethoxygermane, tetramethoxysilane, and polyethylene glycol. Also provided are methods of preparing the germania-silica-based sol-gel monolith of the present invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel humanized antibodies able to inhibit tumor growth, as well as the amino and nucleic acid sequences coding for such antibodies. From one aspect, the disclosure relates to novel anti-JAM-A homogeneous humanized antibodies able to inhibit tumor growth. The disclosure also comprises the use of such antibodies as a drug for the preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of cancers, as well as compositions comprising such antibodies in combination with other anticancer compounds. The disclosure also relates to a method for the preparation of such novel humanized antibodies.

Abstract: A method of amplifying nucleic acid includes providing a microfluidic device having a space therein. The space is filled with a gel medium. Reagents for carrying out a PCR reaction are supported within the matrix of the gel medium within the space. A nucleic acid containing sample is brought into contact with the gel medium. The sample having whole cells or cell lysate without any prior separation of the nucleic acid from other components of the cells. PCR amplification of nucleic acid from the sample is performed in the space using the PCR reagents.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for integrating the electrophoresis and blotting of samples. A capillary electrophoresis and blotting system allows concomitant electrophoretic separation and blotting to provide a rapid and simplified process. A microfluidic electrophoresis and blotting system provides electrophoretic separation in a microfluidic channel followed by electroblotting from the microfluidic channel to also provide a rapid and simplified process. These systems and methods can be used to assay smaller amounts of sample in less time than conventional processes, including conventional Western blotting techniques.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide, for example, buffer compositions and/or sieving formulations useful in connection with electrophoresis instruments, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. In various embodiments, a buffer composition can include Bis-Tris, TAPS and/or TAPSO, and, optionally, a chelating agent, such as EDTA. Methods of separating samples containing bio-molecules, such as DNA or RNA, are also described.

Abstract: A cost-effective multi-channel capillary gel-electrophoresis system for highly efficient, nucleic acid-based analysis, in particular HLA SSP (Human Leukocyte Antigen Sequence Specific Primer) typing applications. Twelve DNA samples are automatically injected, electrophoretically separated, detected and analyzed simultaneously by using a multiple usage and disposable multi-capillary gel-cartridge. Using commercially available DNA size markers as indicators, the system provides high resolving power with 12-channel separations in less than 1.5 minutes. The system can hold a total of 96 samples in a PCR plate that can automatically be analyzed within 25 minutes for a full plate of the HLA SSP kits.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sample processing. A device may be provided, capable of receiving the sample, and performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing multiple assays. The device may comprise one or more modules that may be capable of performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing the steps using a small volume of sample.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sample processing. A device may be provided, capable of receiving the sample, and performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing multiple assays. The device may comprise one or more modules that may be capable of performing one or more of a sample preparation, sample assay, and detection step. The device may be capable of performing the steps using a small volume of sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods and apparatus for improving the sensitivity of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The invention particularly concerns devices comprising a channel that contains an in-line sol-gel column to concentrate samples being subjected to capillary zone electrophoresis, and the use of such devices to enhance the sensitivity of capillary zone electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the identification of compounds in carbohydrate mixture compositions as well as the determination of carbohydrate mixture composition patterns, based on e.g. orthogonal cross determining migration time (indices) using capillary gel electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence and identifying said carbohydrate components based on comparing said migration time (indices) with standard migration time (indices) from a database which data are preferably also orthogonal cross determined. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for carbohydrate mixture composition pattern profiling, like glycosylation pattern profiling using capillary gel electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CGE-LIF). In another aspect, the present invention refers to a system for an automated determination and/or identification of carbohydrates and/or carbohydrate mixture composition patterns (e.g.: glycosylation patterns).

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus is generally disclosed for sequentially analyzing a single sample or multiple samples having one or more analytes in high or low concentrations. The apparatus comprises a relatively large-bore transport capillary which intersects with a plurality of small-bore separation capillaries and includes a valve system. Analyte concentrators, having antibody-specific (or related affinity) chemistries, are stationed at the respective intersections of the transport capillary and separation capillaries to bind one or more analytes of interest. The apparatus allows the performance of two or more dimensions for the optimal separation of analytes. The apparatus may also include a plurality of valves surrounding each of the analyte concentrators to localize each of the concentrators to improve the binding of one or more analytes of interest.

Abstract: A cost-effective multi-channel capillary gel-electrophoresis system for highly efficient, high speed, high throughput, carbohydrate analysis. In one aspect of the present invention, a high-performance capillary electrophoresis analyzer system has been optimized for carbohydrate analysis application. The system uses a multiplexed/time-staggered fluorescence type detection mechanism, with an integrated fiber optic array-based technology and a novel disposable gel-cartridge. Twelve carbohydrate samples are automatically injected, electrophoretically separated, detected and analyzed simultaneously by using a multiple usage and disposable multi-capillary gel-cartridge. Using commercially available labeling agent such as APTS (representing 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt) as an indicator, the capillary electrophoresis-based carbohydrate system/analyzer provides high resolving power in 2-15 minutes of separations.

Abstract: A multi-channel gel electrophoresis apparatus for efficiently collecting molecules isolated by gel electrophoresis so they can be further analyzed, identified, or used as reagents or medications. The apparatus using a novel “tagless” strategy that combines multi-dimensional separation of endogenous complexes with mass spectrometric monitoring of their composition. In this procedure, putative protein complexes are identified based on the co-migration of collections of polypeptides through multiple orthogonal separation steps. A majority of E. coli proteins are shown to remain in stable complexes during fractionation of a crude extract through three chromatographic steps.

Abstract: A size standard, kit includes a size standard, method of defining a size standard and method of analysis using a size standard. The size standard is intended to include size standard elements which have a size greater than and/or less than and/or different from the components of a sample which are to be sized. This means that the same characteristic unit, such as a dye, can be used to label the component and the size standard. A further characteristic unit, from amongst a limited number of such characteristic units is liberated from use only on size standards for use on components. The method is therefore particularly useful in multiplex amplification of STRs.

Abstract: A method for collecting an analyte species from a sample is provided, the method of collection potentially being supplemented to give a method of preparing a sample for analysis and/or a method of analysis. The method including providing part of a sample in a substrate, causing the sample to migrate to an interface between the substrate and a second substrate due to the action of an electrical potential difference, the electrophoretic velocity of the analyte species of the second substrate being balanced by or exceeded by the bulk flow velocity of the second substrate and the bulk flow velocity of the second substrate being in an opposing direction to the electrophoretic velocity of the analyte species in the second substrate. In this way substantial concentration of the analyte species at the interface is provided. Subsequently the species can be conveyed away from the interface for further preparation and/or analysis.

Abstract: Provided herein is a surface acoustic wave (“SAW”) sensor device including an isolation component of a target biomolecule. A sample containing the target biomolecule is separated by its size using electrophoresis, and sequentially reacts with a SAW sensor. In other words, the device is capable of detecting the target biomolecule by separating biomolecules using electrophoresis, and applying the separated biomolecules to the SAW sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides germania-silica-based sol-gel monoliths that form the solid-phase material for extraction, isolation, preconcentration, and separation of analytes. In one embodiment, the germania-silica-based sol-gel monolith can be used to coat surfaces of the inner walls of extraction and chromatographic columns. In a preferred embodiment, the sol-gel germania-silica monolith of the present invention is formed from hydrolysis and polycondensation of precursors comprising tetraethoxygermane, tetramethoxysilane, and polyethylene glycol. Also provided are methods of preparing the germania-silica-based sol-gel monolith of the present invention.

Abstract: Linear acrylamide copolymer compounds which can comprise monomeric components comprising at least one N-substituted moiety capable of physical cross-linking, and related compositions and methods of use.

Abstract: This application discloses SNPs capable of predicting increased or decreased risk of developing late onset Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein R1 is independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl or substituted alkyl, R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of —H and C1-C6 alkyl or substituted alkyl, Y? is an anion, m is an integer from 1 to 8 and n is an integer from 1 to 8 is described. Methods of making and using the compound are also described. The compound may comprise a zwitterionic acid-labile surfactant suitable for purification and identification techniques used in proteomics.

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus is generally disclosed for sequentially analyzing a single sample or multiple samples having one or more analytes in high or low concentrations. The apparatus comprises a relatively large-bore transport capillary which intersects with a plurality of small-bore separation capillaries and includes a valve system. Analyte concentrators, having antibody-specific (or related affinity) chemistries, are stationed at the respective intersections of the transport capillary and separation capillaries to bind one or more analytes of interest. The apparatus allows the performance of two or more dimensions for the optimal separation of analytes. The apparatus may also include a plurality of valves surrounding each of the analyte concentrators to localize each of the concentrators to improve the binding of one or more analytes of interest.

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus is generally disclosed for sequentially analyzing a single sample or multiple samples having one or more analytes in high or low concentrations. The apparatus comprises a relatively large-bore transport capillary which intersects with a plurality of small-bore separation capillaries and includes a valve system. Analyte concentrators, having antibody-specific (or related affinity) chemistries, are stationed at the respective intersections of the transport capillary and separation capillaries to bind one or more analytes of interest. The apparatus allows the performance of two or more dimensions for the optimal separation of analytes. The apparatus may also include a plurality of valves surrounding each of the analyte concentrators to localize each of the concentrators to improve the binding of one or more analytes of interest.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of separation of compounds by electrophoresis in which the compounds such as genes, proteins, etc. may be analyzed very precisely as samples are introduced directly into the separation tubes of the chip at the collection site, and therefore, it is not necessary to have separate fluid paths or individual sample storing apparatus that have been necessary for the conventional electrophoresis; it is easy to make the chips as the structure of the chip becomes extremely simple, and high-density arrangement of the separation tubes is enabled; and further, the compounds such as genes, proteins, etc. may be analyzed very precisely without interference in the storage tubs by using a non-polar solvent as the solvent of the sample storage tub.

Abstract: Described is a method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of polymorphisms in the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile (“PCR ribotyping of Clostridium difficile”) comprising the use of a 16s primer corresponding to bases 1450 to 1501 of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene of C. difficile and a 23s primer corresponding to bases 1 to 50 of the 23s ribosomal RNA gene of C. difficile, characterized in that the PCR is performed with a labeled 16s primer and an unlabeled 23s primer and that the DNA molecules provided by the PCR are separated by size using capillary gel electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA profiling assay comprising the following steps, providing a sample to be analyzed, providing reagents, enzyme and primer oligonucleotides which are necessary for simultaneous polymerase chain reaction amplification of at least 20 loci, amplifying the loci, detecting the amplification products, wherein the amplification products and the loci to be amplified are characterized by the following features, each locus to be amplified is characterized by at least one deletion-insertion polymorphism known to be present in the population, wherein the two alleles from each locus differ in size by more than 2 nucleotides and less than 100 nucleotides, a first set of at least two amplification products ranging in size from about 20 nucleotides to about 300 nucleotides stemming from at least two different loci carries a first label, a second set of at least two amplification products ranging in size from about 20 nucleotides to about 300 nucleotides stemming from at least two differen

Abstract: The present invention provides an on-chip packed reactor bed design that allows for an effective exchange of packing materials such as beads at a miniaturized level. The present invention extends the function of microfluidic analysis systems to new applications including on-chip solid phase extraction (SPE) and on-chip capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The design can be further extended to include integrated packed bed immuno- or enzyme reactors.