Abstract: A wiring substrate for electronic component inspection apparatus includes a first laminate which is formed by stacking a plurality of ceramic layers and which has a front surface and a back surface, and a plurality of studs joined to the back surface of the first laminate Each of the studs is composed of a flange portion which is circular in bottom view, and a bolt portion which perpendicularly extends from a center portion of an outside surface of the flange portion. The flange portion has a truncated conical shape and the outside surface from which the bolt portion protrudes, such that the outside surface slopes from the proximal end side of the bolt portion toward the peripheral edge of the flange portion and gradually approaches the inside surface of the flange portion.

Abstract: A polyamic acid solution includes a polyamic acid, a solvent (C) in which the polyamic acid (PAA1) is dissolved, and a substance (M) that can release at least one metal selected from groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table as a metal ion, or a substance (m) that contains the substance (M). A polyimide composite is produced from the polyamic acid solution. The polyimide composite can provide a greatly improved glass transition temperature without impairing the intrinsic physical properties of the polyimide.

Abstract: A process for pretreating surfaces made from steel, galvanised steel and/or aluminum and/or alloys thereof, wherein, in a first process stage, phosphating is performed using a low-nickel zinc phosphating solution; in a second process stage, the phosphated surfaces are post-rinsed using an aqueous solution which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of lithium ions; copper ions and/or silver ions; and, in a third process stage, a low-lead cathodically depositable electrocoating lacquer is applied which contains no more than 0.05 wt. % of lead, relative to the dry solids content of the lacquer.

Abstract: A method of preparing graphite intercalation compounds in which graphite particles are immersed in an aqueous electrolyte media comprising both an acid and an oxidizing agent. The immersed graphite particles are subjected to an anodic current and then removed from the electrolyte and rinsed with a solvent. The excess solvent and electrolyte is then removed from the graphite particles. The graphite particles may be placed in a plating barrel which is immersed in the electrolyte and rotated while the graphite particles are subjected to the current. The resultant intercalated graphite has an expansion volume of from between about 100 ml/g to 2000 ml/g when heated to 1000° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer (a) having a polymer backbone having appended thereto at least one carbamate functional group, the polymer represented by randomly repeating units according to the formula: R1 represents H or CH3, R2 represents H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl, L represents a divalent linking group, A represents repeat units comprising at least one repeat unit having a pendant carboxylic acid group, x represents 10 to 90 weight %, and y represents 90 to 10 weight %. The invention further provides an anodic electrocoat coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a polymer (a) and (b) a compound having a plurality of functional groups that are reactive with said carbamate groups, wherein the repeat units A of polymer (a) having a pendant carboxylic acid group are base-salted.

Abstract: A simplified process for producing a corrosion-protecting, well adhering lacquer coating, and the workpieces obtained thereby, is described. The process comprisessubjecting a metal substrate to a pre-treatment by spray or dip phosphate treatment and without subsequent passivation treatment, optionally after a drying,carrying out an electrophoretic dip lacquer coating of the metal substrate treated in this way wherein an electro dip lacquer is used which contains bismuth in the form of an organic bismuth complex and/or a bismuth salt of an organic carboxylic acid in a content of 0.1 to 5 wt. % calculated as bismuth and related to the binder solids in the electro dip lacquer.

Abstract: An electrocoagulation printing apparatus comprises a positive cylindrical electrode having a central longitudinal axis extending horizontally and a passivated surface defining a positive electrode active surface, the positive electrode being formed of an electrolytically inert metal; a drive mechanism for rotating the positive electrode about the longitudinal axis thereof at a substantially constant speed; a coating device for coating the positive electrode active surface with an olefinic substance and a metal oxide to form on the surface micro-droplets of olefinic substance containing the metal oxide; and a printing head for forming on the olefin and metal oxide-coated positive electrode active surface a plurality of dots of colored, coagulated colloid by electrocoagulation of an electrolytically coagulable colloid in the presence of a coloring agent, the dots of colored, coagulated colloid being representative of a desired image.

Abstract: A polychromic image is reproduced and transferred onto a substrate by (a) providing a single positive electrode formed of an electrolytically inert metal and having a continuous passivated surface moving at substantially constant speed along a predetermined path, the passivated surface defining a positive electrode active surface; (b) forming on the positive electrode active surface a plurality of dots of colored, coagulated colloid by electrocoagulation of an electrolytically coagulable colloid in the presence of a coloring agent, the dots of colored, coagulated colloid being representative of a desired image; and (c) bringing a substrate into contact with the dots of colored coagulated colloid image to cause transfer of the colored, coagulated colloid from the positive electrode active surface onto the substrate and thereby imprint the substrate with the image.