Abstract: A power supply system for an AC type of coalescer including a first transformer, a controllable transformer, a resonant control circuit and a control system. The first transformer has a primary winding with first and second primary terminals and a secondary winding with first and second secondary terminals, where the first and second secondary terminals are provided for connection to electrodes of the coalescer. The controllable transformer has a primary side for connection to an AC power source and a secondary side connected to first and second nodes, where the second node is connected to a second primary terminal of the first transformer. The resonant control circuit is connected between the first node and the second node. The control system is controlling the controllable transformer. The power supply system further comprises a capacitor connected between the first node and a first primary terminal of the first transformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for two-step separation of water, salt and particles from a hydraulic fluid by the use of a control unit. The hydraulic fluid is carried into a return oil tank with an electrostatic coalescer provided with a high-voltage transformer with direct current to two electric grids whose electrostatic field gathers water into drops which settle into a collecting tank. The hydraulic fluid is circulated to a filter module for removing any remaining water, salt and particles in filter elements connected in parallel, having hygroscopic cellulose fibers which swell until saturation, the swelling being measured by a sensor measuring the degree of saturation, alternatively conductivity.

Abstract: The water is at the origin of an entire series of geological and climatic processes and is primarily the basis of all forms of life. Actually, it is the majority component of all living organisms (50% to 98%); the human body contains 70% of the total mass thereof. The biosphere in its entirety consists of 80% water. Although this may be one of the most highly examined liquids, its properties comprising numerous anomalies have not yet all been elucidated. It plays an essential role in the structure and metabolism of all living beings. This biological role is due to its physical and chemical properties that are out of the ordinary. Bernal and Flower established a rule defining that each oxygen atom has two hydrogen atoms as neighbors and each hydrogen bond contains one hydrogen atom. The separation of the liquid water molecules produces the formation of hydroxyl ion (OH?) and hydronium ions (H3O+), which hampers this rule.

Abstract: A method of separating gaseous components, heavier liquid components and lighter liquid components of a stream including the steps of conducting the stream between spaced apart electrodes in a treatment vessel, supplying from a voltage source an AC voltage of at least one base frequency F1 to at least one of the electrodes to establish an electric field within the vessel through which the stream passes, modulating the frequency F1 of the AC voltage at a modulation frequency F2, and withdrawing separated gaseous components from an upper portion of the vessel, heavier stream components from a lower portion of the vessel, and lighter liquid components from an intermediate portion of said vessel.

Abstract: A method of augmenting the separation of immiscible heavier and lighter components of an emulsion including the steps of conducting the emulsion into a treatment vessel, providing an AC voltage source, employing from the source an AC voltage of at least one selected frequency F1 to establish at least one electric filed within the vessel through which the emulsion passes, and cyclically modulating the AC voltage with a method of modulation selected from: (a) amplitude modulation; (b) frequency modulation; and (c) combined amplitude and frequency modulation.

Abstract: A method of augmenting the separation of immiscible heavier and lighter components of an emulsion including the steps of passing the emulsion into a treatment vessel, establishing at least one dual frequency electric field within the vessel and selectably varying the electric field at a frequency F1 modulated in intensity at a frequency F2 where F1 is greater than F2.

Abstract: A water purification system and method using an ionizer and an ozonation treatment for ionization, oxidation and/or decomposition of undegradeable contaminants is disclosed. A high electron-inducing voltage is first applied to the water in the ionizer so that undergradeable materials are ionized and/pr decomposed, then the water is mixed with ozone so the water is purified to be potable.

Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of the separation of an insulating liquid from a dispersum, in particular of water dispersed in oil, the electric conductivity of a dispersion having the dispersion constituents is measured continuously or discontinuously. An optimum frequency is calculated as a function of this conductivity. Pulsations of at least one pulsating electric field are thereby prescribed, this dispersion being led through said field. This frequency is preferably in the frequency range of >60 Hz-1 kHz. An electric field with a separating AC voltage can be arranged downstream of an electric field of a pulsating separating voltage of adjustable frequency in the flow direction of the dispersion, and an electric field of a pulsating charging DC voltage can be arranged upstream.

Abstract: This invention relates to the enhancement of chemical reactions by applying a high frequency electric field to a material. The frequency and amplitude of the electric field are selected in accordance with the properties of the reacting components in the bulk of chemical reactor. In general, the high frequency range is determined by the dielectric properties of reactant(s), that is, at any given temperature, when, for example, the specific conductivity starts to grow from its low frequency value. Typically, frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 200 MHz or greater are suitable for the enhancement of the reactions. An electric field of any shape having Fourier components that when applied to a chemical process exhibits growth in the real part of conductivity relative to the low frequency value is of particular importance.

Abstract: Method for separating the constituents of a dispersion In order to improve the efficiency of the separation of an insulating liquid (3) from a dispersum (4), in particular of water dispersed in oil, the electric conductivity (&sgr;s) of a dispersion (S) having the dispersion constituents (3, 4) is measured continuously or discontinuously. An optimum frequency (f) is calculated as a function of this conductivity. Pulsations of at least one pulsating electric field are thereby prescribed, this dispersion (S) being led through said field. This frequency (f) is preferably in the frequency range of >60 Hz-1 kHz. An electric field with a separating AC voltage (U3) can be arranged downstream of an electric field of a pulsating separating voltage (U2) of adjustable frequency (f) in the flow direction of the dispersion (S), and an electric field of a pulsating charging DC voltage (U1) can be arranged upstream.

Abstract: A process for separating an emulsion into separate and easily recoverable phases. The process comprises exposing an emulsion comprising a discontinuous phase and a non-conducting continuous phase to an electric field thereby effecting coalescence of the discontinuous phase into droplets of a size for effective gravitation from the continuous phase, where the discontinuous phase and the continuous phase have different dielectric constants and densities and at least one of the phases comprise a silicon containing compound or a silicon containing polymer. The present process is especially useful for separating emulsions where the discontinuous phase is an aqueous acid solution and the continuous phase is diorganopolysiloxane.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating an aqueous colloidal solution into water and agglomerate of colloidal particles by applying a high frequency voltage to the aqueous colloidal solution comprises a tank accommodating the aqueous colloidal solution, and at least one pair of electrodes disposed in the tank. The electrodes is configured such that lines of electric force are locally concentrated when the voltage is applied to said solution.

Abstract: A filter has a conduit having an opening for flow of fluid into the conduit, a pump for pumping fluid into the conduit through the opening, electrodes spaced apart from each other across the opening such that fluid flowing through the opening passes between the electrodes; and an AC electrical source for the electrodes, the source of AC electrical energy having a frequency and voltage such that an electric field created by the AC electrical energy in the area around the electrodes imposes a negative dielectrophoretic force on target particles carried by the fluid, the negative dielectrophoretic force being opposed to the direction of fluid flow through the opening and having sufficient strength to prevent the target particles from passing between the electrodes into the conduit. The filter is mounted in a bioreactor for filtering viable cells and retaining them in culture medium.