Abstract: A laminated material for sliding members having improved resistance to abrasion, hardness and wear resistance. The laminated material has a support structure and a sliding layer with electrodeposited matrix material, hard particles being embedded into the matrix material, having a diameter of <2 .mu.m and being provided in the form of individual particles distributed in a completely homogenous manner with a proportion of 2 to 20% by volume in the matrix material. The process to produce sliding members provides that a ternary electroplating bath free of fluoro-borate and without brighteners, using non-ionic surfactants and free alkyl sulphonic acids, and a grain refining agent and a fatty acid polyglycol ester is used. The hard particles are kept in the electroplating bath during electroplating at a steady concentration.

Abstract: A piston ring is formed with a nitrided layer over all surfaces and formed with a composite chromium plating film over the nitrided layer in the outer circumferential surface. The composite chromium plating film has a network of cracks formed on the outer surface and interior. Spherical alumina particles are fixed in these cracks. The average size of the spherical alumina particles is 0.7 to 10 .mu.m and the dispersion ratio of the spherical alumina particles is 3 to 15 percent by volume.

Abstract: A base is provided with a gas outlet pipe and a gas inlet pipe. A bell jar is placed on top of the base with an O-ring interposed between them. Thin-film solar cells and a Se powder are placed in a recess formed in a lower heating jig, and the lower heating jig is positioned on the base. An upper heating jig is placed on top of the lower heating jig. The upper heating jig is vertically moved by a vertically actuating mechanism. The upper and lower heating jigs are heated with a heater so as to react Se with the thin-film solar cells, whereby a CuInSe.sub.2 alloy film is formed. In a method of manufacturing a thin-film solar cell, a molybdenum layer and a copper layer are formed on a substrate by sputtering. A selenium-dispersed indium layer is formed on the copper layer in a solution, which includes indium ions and dispersed selenium colloid, by electrodeposition. The thus formed selenium-dispersed indium layer and the selenium are heated in a sealed container.

Abstract: An abrasive coating suitable for forming an abrasive blade tip of a gas turbine engine. The coating is characterized as being capable of abrading a ceramic shroud at elevated temperatures during the in-service operation of the engine, and being resistant to oxidation and hot corrosion within the engine environment. The abrasive coating includes an MCrAl alloy layer, a ceramic layer overlying the alloy layer so as to form an outer surface of the abrasive coating, and abrasive particles dispersed between the alloy layer and the ceramic layer so that at least some of the abrasive particles are partially embedded in the alloy layer and also partially embedded in the ceramic layer. In addition, at least some of the abrasive particles project above the outer surface of the abrasive coating formed by the ceramic layer.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing an abrasive coating on a substrate surface by applying a bond coat by low pressure plasma spraying and anchoring to the bond coat abrasive particles by electroplating and embedding the particles into an oxidation resistant matrix by entrapment plating.

Abstract: A magnetic thin film manufacturing method in which an object of treatment is electroplated in a plating bath so that a magnetic thin film is formed on the surface of the object of treatment. The plating bath contains two or more types of ions selected from a set consisting of Fe.sup.2+ ions, Ni.sup.2+ ions and Co.sup.2+ ions, and fine particles of an insulating material are dispersed in the plating bath. In a more particular embodiment of the invention, a magnetic thin film manufacturing method is characterized by the fact that ?a! the aforementioned two or more types of ions selected from a set consisting of Fe.sup.2+ ions, Ni.sup.2+ ions and Co.sup.2+ ions are supplied by means of sulfates and/or chlorides, ?b! the plating bath is an acidic bath, and ?c! the fine particles of an insulating material that are dispersed in the plating bath are colloidal particles of SiO.sub.2 and/or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A friction-wear aluminum part which includes a metal substrate and friction-wear coating applied to at least a portion of the outer surface to said substrate. The coating is a mixture of both aluminum and stainless steel. On a preferred basis, the surface of the substrate is intentionally roughened or grooved to facilitate bonding of the coating thereto. An associated method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process suitable for providing a substrate with a protective coating based on chromium, including a chromium matrix in which solid particles are distributed. The process includes a step of electrodeposition of the coating carried out by passing an electric current between a cathode or cathodes of the substrate to be coated and an anode or anodes. The cathode(s) and anode(s) are immersed in an electroplating solution, wherein the electroplating solution is based on an aqueous solution including trivalent chromium obtained from the reduction of chromic acid by a reducing agent, and contains solid particles.

Abstract: A method of making a composite structure including at least a plating film disposed on a substrate having at least a surface portion formed from a metallic base material. The method includes the steps of discharging a composite plating solution containing insoluble particles from a nozzle and impacting the composite plating solution on the surface portion of the substrate at a predetermined flow rate. During at least a portion of the discharging and impacting steps, the surface portion of the substrate is abraded with the insoluble particles in the plating solution discharged from the nozzle. A voltage can be applied between the base material and the nozzle, which are electrically connected by the plating solution, to thereby deposit a plating film on the surface portion of the substrate by electroplating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite articles including a surface layer of tin, lead, silver or an alloy thereof that contains co-deposited non-ionic polymeric particles to provide a reduced-friction deposit that has an initially low coefficient of friction and low insertion force and fretting corrosion in separable electronic connectors, and to methods for preparing the plated articles. The polymeric particles have a size between about 0.1 to 0.45 .mu.m in diameter to reduce the coefficient of friction of the resultant deposit to about 0.45 or below. Also, the deposit has excellent electrical properties and can be successfully soldered. The invention also relates to a solution for plating the surface layer of the composite articles, which surface layer reduces insertion force and fretting corrosion of separable electronic connectors.

Abstract: A method of producing a coating on a substrate by electrolytically co-depositing a metal matrix M.sub.1 and particles of CrAlM.sub.2, where M.sub.1 is Ni, Co or Fe or two or all of these elements and M.sub.2 is Y, Si, Ti, Hf, Ga, Nb, Mn, Pt, a rare earth element or two or more of these elements. The co-deposition is carried out at a current density of less than 5mA per square centimeter. Preferably, the co-deposition forms a layer less than 50 microns thick, and occurs at a bath loading of less than 40 grams per liter of the particles. In a preferred embodiment, the particle size distribution in the plating bath is 25 percent between 15 and 12 microns, 45 percent between 12 and 10 microns and 30 percent less than 10 microns. The method is particularly useful for coating a gas turbine part.

Abstract: A method producing a coating on a substrate by aluminizing, chromizing or siliconizing the substrate, and depositing on the coated substrate by electrolytic or electroless deposition a metal matrix M.sub.1 from a bath containing particles of CrAlM.sub.2 to co-deposit the particles with the matrix as M.sub.1 CrAlM.sub.2, where M.sub.1 is Ni, Co or Fe or two or all of these elements and M.sub.2 is Y, Si, Ti, Hf, Ga, Nb, Mn, Pt, a rare earth element or two or more of these elements. Preferably, the method includes platinum aluminizing of the substrate. Heat treatments may be incorporated before and after deposition of the M.sub.1 CrAlM.sub.2. The deposition of the M.sub.1 CrAlM.sub.2 is carried out at a current density of less than 5 mA per square centimeter. Preferably, the deposition forms a M.sub.1 CrAlM.sub.2 layer less than 50 microns thick, and occurs at a bath loading of less than 40 grams per liter of the particles.

Abstract: A method for creating a solid layer (36A or 52A) through which openings (38 or 54) extend entails subjecting particles (30) suspended in a fluid (26) to an electric field (E.sub.A) to cause a number of the particles to move towards, and accumulate over, a structure placed in the fluid. The structure, including the so-accumulated particles, is removed from the fluid. Solid material is deposited over the structure at least in the space between the so-accumulated particles. The particles, including any overlying material (36B or 52B), are removed. The remaining solid material forms the solid layer through which openings extend at the locations of the so-removed particles. The structure is typically a layer is then typically either a gate layer for the electron-emitting device or a layer used in forming the gate layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous eletrocoating ?sic! compositions containing cathodically depositable synthetic resins, which electrocoating compositions are characterized in that they contain polymer microparticles which have a particle size of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m and are preparable by reacting(a) a polyisocyanate or a mixture of polyisocyanates with(b) an organic compound containing not only at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond but also at least one active hydrogen atom per molecule or a mixture of such organic compounds and(c) an organic compound containing not only at least one active hydrogen atom but also at least one tertiary amino group and/or at least one ketimine group and/or at least one aldimine group per molecule or a mixture of such organic compounds and, if desired,(d) an organic compound other than (b) and (c) containing at least one active hydrogen atom per molecule or a mixture of such organic compounds.

Abstract: A method for forming relatively thick composite coatings on a region of the surface of a metallic member includes exposing the surface region to an electrolyte fluid, either by immersion or by spraying the electrolyte against the surface region. A preferred electrolyte fluid is an aqueous solution including an electrolytic agent, a passivating agent and a modifying agent in the form of a solute or a powder suspended in the solution. A voltage signal is applied to induce a current flow of constant magnitude between the metallic member and the electrolyte fluid so that the metallic member interacts with the passivating agent to form a passive oxide layer on the surface region. The voltage signal increases in magnitude until local voltage reaches a breakthrough level across separate highly localized discharge channels along the surface region of the metallic member.

Abstract: A color filter for a liquid crystal display device comprises an optically transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer formed on the substrate, and a color layer formed on the transparent conductive layer with red, green and blue pixels arranged in a predetermined pattern. The color layer comprises pigments for coloring purpose and transparent conductive particles having a hydrophobic surface. The transparent conductive particles are included from 5% to 50% by volume of the color layer. The color layer may preferably have a specific resistivity of from 10.sup.-1 .OMEGA..multidot.cm to 10.sup.8 .OMEGA..multidot.cm. The transparent conductive particles comprise base transparent conductive particles having a hydrophobic compound bound on their surface by coupling or graft polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the selective variation in density of particulate matter codeposited within metallic matrices deposited onto articles utilizing increased levels of rotation of said articles during plating cycle to attain said selective codeposition density. The attainment of varying densities of codeposited particulate matter in the plated layer along the surface of the substrate is particularly useful in cost reduction and improved product performance.

Abstract: This invention offers a method of manufacturing a matted electrodeposition coating composition which does not mask the hue and the fine pattern which are inherent to the thing to be coated and also offers a method of conducting such an electrodeposition. The invention also relates to a matted electrodeposition coating composition which is characterized in containing (A) an anionic acryl resin having an acetoacetyl group in a side chain, (B) an amine and water, (C) an aldehyde and (D) an alkoxylated methylolmelamine resin with a water dilutability of not more than 4.0 cc and optionally containing (D) an acidic composition with pKa of not more than 1.9 as well as a method of producing a matted electrodeposition coating using the aforementioned composition.

Abstract: A process for electroplating a substrate by coating the substrate with a coating of conductive particles. The coating of conductive particles is applied to the substrate from an aqueous dispersion containing a dissolution agent for metallic regions of the substrate. The dissolution agent removes the top surface of the metal as the conductive particle coating is formed thereby facilitating removal of the same from the metallic regions of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution and method for plating tin, lead, or tin-lead alloy deposits which contain a co-deposit of fluorocarbon particles to provide a lower-friction solder-type deposit which reduces insertion force and fretting corrosion in separable electronic connectors. The fluorocarbon particles have a size between about 0.1 to 1 .mu.m in diameter, and reduce the coefficient of friction of the resultant deposit to 0.8 or less. Also, the deposit has excellent mechanical properties and can be successfully soldered.

Abstract: A method for forming a plating coating having a non-homogeneous distribution of a dispersed substance in the outward direction, on a work such as a cylinder of an internal combustion engine block, is characterized in the steps of changing the plating liquid flow rate and/or the electric current density to a degree sufficient to change the amount of a dispersed substance at intervals or continuously in a plating coating, so that the amount of the dispersed substance in the plating coating is changed in the outward direction at intervals or continuously.

Abstract: A metallic alloy part having a bonded coating that includes dispersed hard-material particles embedded in a metal matrix, composed of a eutectic solder whose alloy elements include at least the base metal of the metallic alloy part. The solder is formed by fusion bonding on the metallic alloy part, a precoating composed of sequential layers of the elemental components of the solder applied on the metal part or on the hard-material particles. The composition and disposition of the various layers are graduated such that the melting points of the elemental solder components increase towards the outermost layer.

Abstract: A composite plating film is prepared from a composite plating solution containing a metal matrix and insoluble particles 4 dispersed therein or deposited therewith. The composite plating film has a non-uniform concentration of insoluble particles along a direction of the thickness of the composite film. The non-uniform concentration is achieved by changing the discharge rate of composite plating solution during deposition of the film on the base material.

Abstract: Process for the electrolytic deposition of composite nickel onto the face of a part of a motor vehicle, in particular the bore of a casing or engine block of an internal combustion engine comprising at least three successive stages, the first being an electrochemical activation stage where the part is brought to anodic polarity in a bath containing a halogenated acid salt of nickel, the second being a stage of superactivation of the surface and the third being a stage of electrolytic deposition of a nickel layer containing particles of solid substances where the part is brought to cathodic polarity in a nickel-plating bath containing a charge of solid particles of which the diameter is advantageously between 0.5 and 5 microns and which can be of silicon carbide or any other hardening element, optionally mixed with particles of graphite.

Abstract: Sliding contact-making structures of an internal combustion engine, comprising (a) a cylinder unit having an inner plating coating containing a dispersoid substance; and (b) a piston provided with at least one piston ring, fitted into the inside of said cylinder unit in the axial direction so as to freely slide upon the inside surface thereof, wherein the thickness of the plating coating is tapered off in the axial direction at the edge of the plating coating on the side of a crankshaft, and/or the dispersoid content in said plating coating not in sliding contact with the piston ring, on the side of a crankshaft, is lower than that in sliding contact with the piston ring, thereby preventing peeling off of the plating coating and unnecessary abrasion of the piston as well as seizing, extending the life of the cylinder.

Abstract: A composite plating apparatus is disclosed in which an insertion electrode is loosely inserted into a hollow cylinder having a space, air bubbles are mixed into a composite plating solution fed from a liquid feeding pipe toward the space in the cylinder, and the hollow cylinder is connected to a base electrode so as to perform a composite plating on the inner surface of the hollow cylinder. An air bubble dispersing member having at least one passage hole with a diameter the same as or larger than a length of a gap defined between the insertion electrode and the inner surface of the cylinder is arranged upstream of a plating solution inlet portion of the hollow cylinder as an apparatus for dispersing air bubbles within the composite plating solution. The air bubble dispersing member can also be used as an electrode engaging member for engaging a tip end portion of the electrode inserted into the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: A process for electroplating a substrate by coating the substrate with a coating of conductive particles. The coating of conductive particles is applied to the substrate from an aqueous dispersion containing a dissolution agent for metallic regions of the substrate. The dissolution agent removes the top surface of the metal as the conductive particle coating is formed thereby facilitating removal of the same from the metallic regions of the substrate.

Abstract: Water-soluble high molecular weight molecules are made present as a dispersing agent in a dispersion coating bath of a solution of a water-soluble nickel salt containing graphite dispersed therein, and a mold for molding glass is immersed therein in a manner that the mold serves as the cathode and the nickel metal serves as the anode in order to effect the electroplating while suppressing nickel or a nickel-based alloy in the film from granular growth in a vertical direction or in the direction of the plane thereof. On the inner surfaces of the mold is formed a film which comprises a matrix of nickel or the nickel-based alloy which as a whole has a flake-like form that is continuous and exists in an open cellular form and a graphite granule phase which is held in the open cells and is outwardly exposed on the surface.

Abstract: Electrolyte for electroplating of chromium based coatingThe electrolyte consists of:a liquid component, containing hexavalent ions of chromiuma metal component, chosen from the group II of the Periodical Tablea particulate solid component, comprising a compound of refractory metal of the groups IVb, Vb of VIb of the Periodical Table.Chromium based coating is electroplated from an electrolytic bath, containing said electrolyte. The coating consists of a matrix, presented by solid solution of chromium with said metal component and of distributed within said matrix particles of a solid component. The coating has improved wear resistance, corrosion resistance and plasticity and it can be deposited both on metallic and non-metallic substrates.

Abstract: Uniform zinc pellets are formed for use in batteries having a stationary or moving slurry zinc particle electrode. The process involves the cathodic deposition of zinc in a finely divided morphology from battery reaction product onto a non-adhering electrode substrate. The mossy zinc is removed from the electrode substrate by the action of gravity, entrainment in a flowing electrolyte, or by mechanical action. The finely divided zinc particles are collected and pressed into pellets by a mechanical device such as an extruder, a roller and chopper, or a punch and die. The pure zinc pellets are returned to the zinc battery in a pumped slurry and have uniform size, density and reactivity. Applications include zinc-air fuel batteries, zinc-ferricyanide storage batteries, and zinc-nickel-oxide secondary batteries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for microencapsulating or coating powderized material comprising use of a rotary flow-through device to alternately compact and electroplate the powder and reorient it prior to another compaction. The invention is also of a process and apparatus for forming a strip, mesh, or film from powderized material, which is particularly useful for forming misch metal powder composite in nickel mesh for use in metal hydride batteries.

Abstract: An electrodeposited composite coating comprises, as deposited, a matrix of cobalt and particles of chromium carbide, at least 50% and preferably at least 80% or 90% by weight of the particles lying within the size range of 4 .mu.m to 8 .mu.m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an electrolytic electrode containing the following steps: forming a lead plating layer on the surface of a metallic core material by using a lead electrolytic plating bath, where the metallic core material is the cathode; forming an .alpha.-lead dioxide layer on the lead plating layer by electrolysis using an alkaline bath containing a lead ion and using the core material as the anode; and forming a .beta.-lead dioxide layer on the .alpha.-lead dioxide layer by electrolysis using an aqueous lead nitrate solution and using the core material as the anode. The electrolytic electrode produced by the foregoing method is capable of electrolysis in an aqueous solution, in particular, in an aqueous corrosive solution containing fluorine ions.

Abstract: There is provided a new method of improving properties of the surface of an internal combustion engine valve made from titanium alloy, which comprises; the steps of (a) forming a surface undercoat layer of nickel on a surface of the engine valve; (b) heating the resulting nickel undercoated valve in vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert gas, at the temperature of 450.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., for one to four hours; (c) forming further a three component coat layer comprising nickel, phosphorus and particles of material selected from the group consisting of silicone carbide, silicone nitride, boron nitride, and the combination thereof, on the surface of the nickel undercoat layer; and (d) heating the resulting coat layer formed on the nickel undercoat layer, at the temperature of 350.degree. C. to 550.degree. C., for one to four hours, so as to make the particles of ceramic material uniformly and homogeneously dispersed in said coat layer.

Abstract: In a disclosed composite plating method for a hollow member, an insertion electrode is loosely inserted with a space into a cylinder of a hollow member, a composite plating solution supplied from a solution supply pipe is circulated into the space of the cylinder, a base metal electrode is connected to the hollow member and composite plating is applied onto the inner peripheral surface of the hollow member. The current density between the insertion electrode and the inner peripheral surface of the hollow member is set at a low value at the beginning and is increased after a lapse of a predetermined time. More preferably, bubbles are produced by supplying gas into the composite plating solution almost simultaneously with the above-mentioned increase of the current density.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of a photoelectrochemical cell and a cell made by this method. A disadvantage of such cells (1) is the fact that their efficiency is not sufficient for economic use. It is therefore the aim of the invention to avoid this disadvantage. The method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a photoelectrochemical cell (1) comprising a porous electrode (4), the effective surface of which is by a factor 700 greater than that of electrodes of comparable size.

Abstract: A non-homogenous plating coating formed on a work such as a cylinder of an internal combustion engine block is characterized in that the distribution is changed at intervals or continuously in the outward direction in which the plating coating is formed, in such a way that the amount of the dispersed substance near the outer surface of the plating coating is at least 1.0% by weight greater than those near the surface of the work.

Abstract: A hollow member whose internal surface is to be applied with composite plating is held in a condition in which a generatrix of the internal surface extends vertically. An electrode is inserted into the hollow member with a predetermined clearance to the internal surface of the hollow member. A composite plating liquid supply passage has a discharge opening which is in communication with an opening at a lower end of the hollow member. A gas is entrained in a form of bubbles into a composite plating liquid which is supplied into the clearance through the supply passage.

Abstract: A composite metallizing wire useful in thermal flame spraying, having a conductive metallic solid core wire strand and a coating consisting of solid lubricant particles (i.e., graphite, BN, Teflon) and wear-resistant particles (i.e., SiC, TiC, Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2) homogeneously suspended in a conductive metal (i.e., Ni, Fe, Cr, Mo, Ti) complementary to said solid core wire strand. The wire is used to produce a metal matrix composite coating, comprising providing a thermalizing through-flow chamber with an exit nozzle, the chamber having a gas flow-through of at least 100 ms.sup.-1, establishing a flame in said chamber, and feeding a composite coated wire into said flame to be melted and projected by the gas flow to a target, the wire being constructed as above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is process method and articles of plated coating having functions ranging from wear resistance, lubricity, corrosion resistance, and further incorporating therein particulate matter having light emitting properties. Having this codeposited light emitting particles within the functional layer provides a signal for the determination of the presence of the coating and its stage of deterioration.

Abstract: A method for stopping a polish planarization wherein an etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) is formed. The etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) may be formed on a substrate (11) or on a conductive layer (12). The etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) includes a metal and a grit material (17, 25, 35) such as a diamond powder. The etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) serves as a stop to a mechanical polishing apparatus. The mechanical polishing apparatus removes a planarization layer (14, 22, 33) by polishing, but is unable to remove the etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) because the etch-stop layer is able to withstand a polishing action of the mechanical polishing apparatus. The etch-stop layer (13, 21, 31) provides protection for the metal from mechanical damage during polish planarization and allows formation of a planar surface.

Abstract: A method of making the compound CuInSe.sub.2 (CIS) by depositing a precursor of the compound at least partly electrolytically on a substrate and forming CuInSe.sub.2 by thermal reaction.

Abstract: In an electroplating container in which at least one portion of an inside surface of the container is formed from a metal material serving as cathode or anode and an anode or cathode is placed in the container, a composite electroplating liquid containing metal ions and fine solid particles is introduced into a bottom portion of the container in such a manner that the introduced composite electroplating liquid spouts downward against an inside bottom surface of the container and is allowed to flow upward through a flow path formed between the anode and the cathode, and an electric current is applied between the anode and cathode so as to form a composite electroplating layer including the fine solid particles evenly distributed in a metal matrix on a surface of the cathode or anode facing the flow path.

Abstract: A process for producing a light absorption layer of a solar cell is disclosed, in which prior to heat-treatment, at least two of the following steps are performed in combination: (1) electrodeposition of a copper layer including selenium particles, (2) electrodeposition of an indium layer including selenium particles, (3) electrodeposition of a copper layer not including selenium, and (4) electrodeposition of an indium layer not including selenium. Control of copper, indium, and selenium contents becomes easier with this process.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device including a liquid crystal/polymer composite film including a matrix polymer composed mainly of a transparent resin having an ionic dissociative group and, dispersed therein, a liquid crystal particle; and conductive substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal/polymer composite film therebetween, at least one of the conductive substrates being transparent.

Abstract: According to a method of manufacturing a microwave tube collector of this invention, a copper plating layer in which powder particles of a material having a secondary electron emissivity of not more than 1 are dispersed and precipitated is formed on a surface of a collector electrode. Only the copper plating layer is selectively etched for a predetermined period of time to increase the degree of exposure and the surface area of the powder particles of the material having a secondary electron emissivity of 1 or more in the copper plating layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a fluorescent screen for a field emission display by electrodeposition comprises: forming a transparent solid electrode or transparent stripe or dot electrodes (1) in an effective area and a guard electrode (3, 8) in an ineffective area surrounding the effective area on the inner surface of a screen panel (13), immersing the screen panel (13) in an electrodeposition solution (12G, 12B, 12R, 12M) containing dispersed particles of a fluorescent material and contained in an electrodeposition tank (11), applying a voltage to the transparent solid electrode or the transparent stripe or dot electrodes, and a reverse bias voltage to the guard electrode (3, 8) to deposit particles of the fluorescent material only on the transparent solid electrode or the transparent stripe or dot electrodes to which the voltage is applied. The guard electrode (3, 8) prevents the deposition of particles of the fluorescent material in the ineffective area.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a nickel alloy electroplated cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in press-formability and phosphating-treatability, which comprises the steps of: (a) cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet at a reduction ratio of from 60 to 85% to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet consisting essentially of: up to 0.06 wt. % carbon, up to 0.5 wt. % silicon, up to 2.5 wt. % manganese, up to 0.1 wt. % phosphorus, up to 0.025 wt. % sulfur, up to 0.10 wt. % soluble aluminum, up to 0.05 wt. % nitrogen, and the balance being iron and incidental impurities; then, (b) subjecting the cold-rolled steel sheet to a continuous annealing treatment which comprises heating the cold-rolled steel sheet to a recrystallization temperature and then slowly cooling same; then, (c) forming, on at least one surface of the annealed cold-rolled steel sheet, a nickel alloy electroplating layer having a plating weight of from 5 to 60 mg/m.sup.

Abstract: Particles including a first material and having a first value of an intrinsic property such as thermal conductivity or coefficient of thermal expansion are coated, by a method such as electroless plating, electrolytic plating, sputtering, or spraying, with a second material having a second value of the intrinsic property in approximately the ratio of volume of coating to volume of each of the particles which makes the value of the intrinsic property of each of the coated particles equal to a desired value. The first and second materials can be metal or non-metal. A plurality of particles, including the coated particles, can be consolidated to form an article, or the particles and a matrix material can be co-deposited on a surface as a coating by a method such as electrolytic plating.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an electrodeposition process utilizing molds of original objects. The molds are placed, preferably horizontally, into the electrodeposition bath. The resulting product utilizes the mold-facing surface as the final surface of the product. The disclosure is also directed to a process for making molds useful for the electrodeposition process of the invention. The process is particularly useful for producing metal reproductions of original artworks.