Abstract: Disclosed is a solution composition which may be used for a single-bath electrochemical passivation and a method using the same. The solution composition includes a metal cation, a metal-oxide anion; and an organic ligand, and optionally includes a non-metallic oxide anion or a polymer. The solution composition may prevent undesired precipitation of metal oxides before performing passivation. In addition, the method of passivation using the solution composition in a single-bath use is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a plastic component with a coating system, wherein the coating system comprises a basecoat of paint which has been applied to the surface of the plastic and on which a coating applied by means of vapor phase deposition is provided, for its part covered by a top coat of paint, characterized in that the coating applied by vapor phase deposition comprises multiple layers.

Abstract: Disclosed are pretreatment compositions and associated methods for treating metal substrates with pretreatment compositions, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The pretreatment composition includes: (a) a group IIIB and/or IVB metal; (b) free fluorine; (c) a source of aluminum ions; and (d) water. The methods include contacting the metal substrates with the pretreatment composition.

Abstract: A method for forming a ZrO2 oxide film by plasma electrolytic oxidation includes a first step of placing an anode, which is a substrate with a ZrN film, and a cathode into an electrolyte of which the temperature range is from 65° C. to 75° C. Said electrolyte contains barium acetate or barium hydroxide ranging from 0.3 M to 0.7 M and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide ranging from 1.5 M to 2.5 M. The method includes a second step of applying a voltage ranging from 50 V to 1000 V to the anode and cathode to finally form a ZrO2 film on a surface of the ZrN film of the anode. A DC power supply, an AC power supply, unipolar pulse power supply or bipolar pulse power supply is applied to said anode and cathode in constant-voltage mode or constant-current mode. The oxide film can be formed more rapidly than the prior art and has excellent crystallinity.

Abstract: A method for forming an oxide film by plasma electrolytic oxidation includes a first step of placing an anode, which is a substrate with a conductive nitride film, and a cathode into an electrolyte of which the temperature range is from 20° C. to 100° C., and a second step of applying a voltage ranging from 50 V to 1000 V to the anode and cathode to finally form an oxide film on a surface of the conductive nitride film of the anode. The oxide film can be formed more rapidly than the prior art and has excellent crystallinity.

Abstract: A mold of at least one embodiment of the present invention includes: a base; a conductive layer provided on the base; and an anodized film provided on the conductive layer, the anodized film having an inverted motheye structure in its surface, the inverted motheye structure having a plurality of recessed portions whose two-dimensional size viewed in a direction normal to the surface is not less than 10 nm and less than 500 nm, wherein the base, the conductive layer, and the anodized film are capable of transmitting ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Superhydrophobic membrane structures having a beneficial combination of throughput and a selectivity. Methods of making and using the membrane structures.

Abstract: A cathodic member for electrochemical cells used in hypochlorite production comprises a zirconium plate coated with a zirconium oxide layer, which is particularly suitable for minimising the decomposition of the hypochlorite product while ensuring a prolonged lifetime. The coated zirconium plate can be used as the cathodic plate in a monopolar cell, or can be welded to a titanium plate for use in a bipolar configuration.

Abstract: A method for producing an alumina template of nanorods, the alumina template, and the nanorods are provided for overcoming the problems of the conventional alumina template having anodic aluminum oxide that may be peeled off from a substrate or forming a non-conductive oxide easily, and the alumina template includes a conductive substrate composed of an active metal and an inert metal, so that the alumina template can be attached onto the active metal and inert metal at the same time, and the active metal can be used for securing the alumina template and supporting the alumina template on the inert metal, and the anodic aluminum oxide attached onto the inert metal can be used for providing a better conductivity, such that a stable and highly conductive alumina template can be produced.

Abstract: A method for forming a nanocomposite material, the nanocomposite material formed thereby, and a battery made using the nanocomposite material. Metal oxide and graphene are placed in a solvent to form a suspension. The suspension is then applied to a current collector. The solvent is then evaporated to form a nanocomposite material. The nanocomposite material is then electrochemically cycled to form a nanocomposite material of at least one metal oxide in electrical communication with at least one graphene layer.

Abstract: A method for producing an alumina template of nanorods, the alumina template, and the nanorods are provided for overcoming the problems of the conventional alumina template having anodic aluminum oxide that may be peeled off from a substrate or forming a non-conductive oxide easily, and the alumina template includes a conductive substrate composed of an active metal and an inert metal, so that the alumina template can be attached onto the active metal and inert metal at the same time, and the active metal can be used for securing the alumina template and supporting the alumina template on the inert metal, and the anodic aluminum oxide attached onto the inert metal can be used for providing a better conductivity, such that a stable and highly conductive alumina template can be produced.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to the use of graphene as a transparent conductive coating (TCC). In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films grown on large areas hetero-epitaxially, e.g., on a catalyst thin film, from a hydrocarbon gas (such as, for example, C2H2, CH4, or the like). The graphene thin films of certain example embodiments may be doped or undoped. In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films, once formed, may be lifted off of their carrier substrates and transferred to receiving substrates, e.g., for inclusion in an intermediate or final product. Graphene grown, lifted, and transferred in this way may exhibit low sheet resistances (e.g., less than 150 ohms/square and lower when doped) and high transmission values (e.g., at least in the visible and infrared spectra).

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor with a nanometric superstructure, comprising at least one member wherein at least one reaction chamber is arranged, and said reaction chamber being filled at least partially with a high specific surface area material having a specific surface area greater than 5 m2/g, and characterized in that said high specific surface area material is selected from nanotubes or nanofibers. These nanotubes or nanofibers are preferably selected in the group consisting of carbon nanofibers or nanotubes, ?-SiC nanofibers or nanotubes, TiO2 nanofibers or nanotubes. They may be deposited on an intermediate structure selected in the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, SiC foams, carbon foams, alveolar ?-SiC foams, said intermediate structure filling the reaction chamber of said reactor at least partially.

Abstract: A method for producing an alumina template of nanorods, the alumina template, and the nanorods are provided for overcoming the problems of the conventional alumina template having anodic aluminum oxide that may be peeled off from a substrate or forming a non-conductive oxide easily, and the alumina template includes a conductive substrate composed of an active metal and an inert metal, so that the alumina template can be attached onto the active metal and inert metal at the same time, and the active metal can be used for securing the alumina template and supporting the alumina template on the inert metal, and the anodic aluminum oxide attached onto the inert metal can be used for providing a better conductivity, such that a stable and highly conductive alumina template can be produced.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to the use of graphene as a transparent conductive coating (TCC). In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films grown on large areas hetero-epitaxially, e.g., on a catalyst thin film, from a hydrocarbon gas (such as, for example, C2H2, CH4, or the like). The graphene thin films of certain example embodiments may be doped or undoped. In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films, once formed, may be lifted off of their carrier substrates and transferred to receiving substrates, e.g., for inclusion in an intermediate or final product. Graphene grown, lifted, and transferred in this way may exhibit low sheet resistances (e.g., less than 150 ohms/square and lower when doped) and high transmission values (e.g., at least in the visible and infrared spectra).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, niobium and/or zirconium and their alloys with an oxide ceramic layer formed from the metal which has a thin barrier layer as a boundary layer towards the metal whose surface has been coated with polymers, characterized in that said polymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of dimers or halogenated dimers of general formula I wherein R1 represents one or more hydrogen or halogen residues; each R2 represents hydrogen or halogen; and R3 commonly represent a corresponding xylylene residue for completing a dimeric structure; by vacuum coating, followed by polymerizing the dimers.

Abstract: An implant and method for applying an osteoconductive coating on a non-conductive surface of an implant. The method includes depositing an electroconductive interlayer on at least a portion of a non-conductive implant surface. A secondary process is applied to the interlayer and an osteoconductive coating is thereby formed on the implant. In various embodiments, the electroconductive interlayer is deposited as a non-structural film and comprises a dense, non-porous metal such as titanium, titanium alloys, cobalt, cobalt alloys, chromium, chromium alloys, tantalum, tantalum alloys, iron alloys, stainless steel, and mixtures thereof. The osteoconductive coating may include a metal, a porous metal, or calcium phosphate. The osteoconductive coating may include additional agents, such as bone product, growth factor, bioactive agent, antibiotic, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for the antimicrobial provision of implant surfaces with silver, in which the method comprises an anodizing of the implant surface with an electrolyte, in which the electrolyte has a silver-yielding substance. Alternatively, the method comprises a silver implantation or a silver PVD deposition.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor, an electronic device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. An aspect of the invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor including: an anode including any one of niobium or a niobium alloy; a dielectric layer formed on the anode, wherein the dielectric layer contains niobium oxide; and a cathode layer formed on the dielectric layer, wherein the cathode layer contains copper.

Abstract: A device for use in energy storage comprising a nanostructured mesoporous electrically conductive substrate coated with a metal oxide and an ultrathin conformal polymer coating on the metal oxide wherein said electrode has a mesoporous structure. Also disclosed is the related method for making an electrode for use in energy storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating metal substrates, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The methods include contacting the substrate with a pretreatment composition that includes: (a) a group IIIB and/or IVB metal; (b) free fluorine; (c) a metal fluoride salt formed from a metal which forms a fluoride salt having a pKsp of at least 11; and (d) water.

Abstract: Using aqueous electrolytes containing complex fluorides or oxyfluorides such as fluorozirconates and fluorotitanates, ferrous metal articles and non-metallic articles having a first coating containing aluminum may be rapidly anodized to form a second protective surface coating. White coatings may be formed on articles using pulsed direct current or alternating current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals or their alloys with a thin barrier layer consisting of the metal and an oxide ceramic layer provided thereon whose surface has been coated with fluoropolymers, characterized in that the fluoropolymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of a solution by vacuum impregnation, followed by removing the non-wetting portions of the solution and drying.

Abstract: An electrode for use in energy storage comprising a nanostructured mesoporous electrically conductive metal oxide and an ultrathin, conformal polymer coating on the metal oxide wherein said electrode has a mesoporous structure. Also disclosed is the related method for making an electrode for use in energy storage.

Abstract: A new technique to synthesize barium titanate (BaTiO3) on homogeneous substrates (titanium) or heterogeneous substrates (silicon wafers, metal, glass, ceramics, polymers, other metals, etc.) is disclosed to include a first step to deposit a titanium film on a substrate by sputtering, and a second step to synthesize barium titanate film with uniformly dispersed spherical particles on the titanium-coated substrate in a electrolyte containing barium ions by electrochemically anodic oxidation.

Abstract: An electrical resistive device, including: an array of titania nanotubes open at an outwardly-directed end formed by anodizing at least a portion of a titanium layer; a plurality of palladium (or other noble metal) clusters having been deposited atop the nanotube array; and the nanotube array mechanically supported by an integral support member. The array of titania nanotubes may include a dopant. An exposure of titania nanotube array to radiant energy emitted within a range of frequencies from visible to ultraviolet, in the presence of oxygen, removes a contaminant, if present. The titanium layer may be deposited atop the integral support; or the unique doped titanium layer can be produced, prior to the anodizing thereof, by depositing titanium along with dopant atop the integral support member by a co-deposition process. Also, supported: method(s) of producing the electrical resistive devices.

Abstract: An electrode for use in energy storage comprising a nanostructured mesoporous electrically conductive metal oxide and an ultrathin, conformal polymer coating on the metal oxide wherein said electrode has a mesoporous structure. Also disclosed is the related method for making an electrode for use in energy storage.

Abstract: A dendritic sponge which is directionally-grown on a substrate material has a high surface to volume ratio and is suitable for forming anodes for highly efficient capacitors. A dielectric film is formed on the sponge surface by oxidizing the surface. In a preferred embodiment, the dielectric is grown on titanium sponge and is doped with oxides of Ca, Mg, Sr, Be, or Ba to improve the film's dielectric constant or with higher valent cations, such as Cr6+, V5+, Ta5+, Mo6+, Nb5+, W6+, and P5+, to reduce the oxygen vacancy concentration and leakage current of the dielectric film. A capacitor formed from the sponge includes a cathode electrolyte which serves as an electrical conductor and to repair the dielectric film by re-oxidizing the anode surface at areas of local breakdown. Sponges of titanium, tantalum, and aluminum form efficient dielectric films.

Abstract: An anodized pressed valve metal powder pellet is described. The anodized pellet is particularly useful as an anode in an electrolytic capacitor having an improved breakdown voltage. The anodized pellet is formed by periodically holding the pellet at a constant voltage and allowing the current to decay over a period of time, or by turning the formation power supply off altogether during the anodization process. Either way provides an opportunity for heated electrolyte to diffuse from the anodized pellet.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of a MIM nonlinear device (50) having a Ta electrode layer (16), an anodic oxidation film (18) and a Cr electrode layer (20), tantalum oxidation film (14) is first formed on the transparent substrate (12). The Ta electrode layer (16) is formed on the tantalum oxidation film (14) and the anodic oxidation film (18) is formed on the Ta electrode layer (16). Then, heat treatment is performed to the substrate. The final temperature drop in the heat treatment process is carried out in the atmosphere that contains water vapor. After that, the Cr electrode layer (20) is formed to complete the MIM nonlinear device (50). By conducting the heat treatment in the atmosphere that contains water vapor, the nonlinear characteristics of the MIM device can be improved as well as the improvement of the resistance characteristic in the OFF state.

Abstract: Reflector having a composite reflectivity enhancing layer as reflecting surface layer on a reflector body where the said composite has a sandwich structure with an aluminum layer facing the reflector body, an outer layer, the HI-layer, with a refractive index n.sub.2 facing the radiation to be reflected, and an intermediate aluminum oxide layer, the LI-layer, with a refractive index n.sub.1 which is smaller than n.sub.2. The LI-layer is a transparent and pore-free barrier layer produced by anodic oxidation of the aluminum layer and having a dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.1 of 6 to 10.5 at 20.degree. C. and the optical layer thickness d.sub.opt.1 of the LI-layer and d.sub.opt.2 of the HI-layer are such thatd.sub.opt,i =d.sub.i.n.sub.i =l.sub.i..lambda./4.+-.10 nm, i=1, 2where d.sub.1 represents the thickness of the LI-layer in nm, d.sub.2 the thickness of the HI-layer in nm, .lambda. the average wave length in nm of the light striking the reflector surface and l.sub.1, l.sub.2, uneven natural numbers.

Abstract: A mask layer is formed on a conductive layer covering not only a central area assigned to integrated circuits but also a vacant peripheral area of a semiconductor wafer, and an electroplating system allows metallic miniature patterns to grow on the conductive layer over the vacant peripheral area as well as extremely small areas of the conductive layer over the central area so as to make current fluctuation negligible.

Abstract: A MIM device is fabricated by depositing sequentially on a substrate (14) a first conductive layer (30), a thin layer of insulative material (32) of for example silicon oxynitride or silicon nitride. The first conductive layer is formed of anodisable material, e.g. tantalum, and following deposition of the insulative layer the structure is subjected to an anodisation process whereby anodic material (41,35), is grown at any pin holes (40) or weak regions in the insulative layer so as to repair such defects. A second conductive layer (34) is then formed. An array of MIM devices formed in this manner can be used in an active matrix addressed LCD panel.

Abstract: A bilayer oxide film which comprises a preferably porous layer containing aluminum oxide and a non-porous layer comprising an oxide of a valve metal, e.g. tantalum. The layers are integral. The film is produced by forming a coating of aluminium or an anodizable aluminum alloy on a valve metal (or alloy), anodizing the resulting structure in an electrolyte (preferably one capable of converting the aluminum (or alloy) to a porous oxide film) in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent (e.g. fluoride ions) that makes the resulting anodized bilayer film easily detachable from the remaining valve metal. The bilayer film is then detached from the valve metal, e.g. by adhering a flexible plastic film to the bilayer and using the film to peel off the bilayer from the valve metal. The resulting bilayer can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g. as a vapor or oxygen barrier useful for packaging, or as a coating containing magnetic particles used to make a magnetic recording medium.