Abstract: A method for electrolytically depositing a chromium oxide layer onto i) blackplate or onto ii) blackplate coated with a chromium electrodeposited coating produced based on chromium(III) technology electroplating, and to the coated product obtained thereby.

Abstract: A composite film for closing a container by sealing the composite film against a circumferential sealing surface of the container or of a cap ring to be connected to the container has a support layer made of a metal film and a sealing layer connected to the metal film. The sealing layer comprises a coextruded layer with a cohesively breaking intermediate layer and adhesion promoter layers arranged on both sides of the intermediate layer. The composite film is suitable for tight sealing against sealing surfaces made of polished tinplate.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions useful as pretreatments prior to painting and to prevent the formation of white rust in the uncoated condition include an organopolyphosphonic acid or salt thereof, an organosilane, and a trivalent chromium compound. A method for treating a surface of a zinc-containing metal includes contacting the surface with an aqueous composition including an organopolyphosphonic acid or salt thereof, an organosilane, and a trivalent chromium compound. The composition may also include an agent for reducing hydrophilicity, such as a polyacrylic acid. The aqueous composition has been found to be particularly well-suited for treating a zinc-containing metal to passivate the surface, improve paint adhesion, and/or improve corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on an aluminum alloy substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the aluminum alloy substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and applying an electrical potential bias to the aluminum alloy substrate with respect to its equilibrium potential to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the aluminum alloy substrate. A method for forming a trivalent chromium coating on a metal substrate includes adding a chromium-containing solution to a vessel, immersing the metal substrate in the chromium-containing solution, immersing a counter electrode in the chromium-containing solution, and modulating an electrical potential difference between the metal substrate and the counter electrode to form a trivalent chromium coating on an outer surface of the metal substrate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a coating is provided that includes a deposition surface, and a coating on the deposition surface. The coating may include particles of a metal chalcogenide comprising a fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination of fullerene-like geometries and tubular-like geometries. The metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX2.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrodeposited copper foil which has a lower profile and a higher gloss than low-profile electrodeposited copper foil conventionally supplied in markets. For achieving this object, the present invention employs an electrodeposited copper foil which has a super low profile, the surface roughness (Rzjis) of the deposit side of lower than 1.0-micron meter, and the gloss [Gs(60-deg.)] thereof of not lower than 400 irrespective to its thickness. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method of an electrodeposited copper foil obtained by electrodeposition using a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution obtained by adding 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid and/or bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer having a cyclic structure, and chlorine.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil which has a low profile at a level equal to or excellent than that of low-profile surface-treated electro-deposited copper foils that have conventionally been supplied to the market and in which waviness affecting the straight line performance of wiring is small, and a method for manufacturing the same. In order to achieve this object, in the surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil, the maximum waviness height (Wmax) of the bonding surface to be bonded with an insulation layer-constituting material to be 0.05 ?m to 0.7 ?m, the maximum peak to valley height (PV) to be 0.05 to 1.5 ?m, and the surface roughness (Rzjis) to be 0.1 ?m to 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to the use of graphene as a transparent conductive coating (TCC). In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films grown on large areas hetero-epitaxially, e.g., on a catalyst thin film, from a hydrocarbon gas (such as, for example, C2H2, CH4, or the like). The graphene thin films of certain example embodiments may be doped or undoped. In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films, once formed, may be lifted off of their carrier substrates and transferred to receiving substrates, e.g., for inclusion in an intermediate or final product. Graphene grown, lifted, and transferred in this way may exhibit low sheet resistances (e.g., less than 150 ohms/square and lower when doped) and high transmission values (e.g., at least in the visible and infrared spectra).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a copper foil for a negative electrode current collector (specifically, copper foil for a negative electrode current collector of a lithium ion secondary battery) more excellent in discoloration resistance to improve charge/discharge cycle life of a secondary battery. To achieve the object, a method for manufacturing a copper foil for a negative electrode current collector of a secondary battery subjecting the copper foil to rust-proofing treatment, the method characterized in that the copper foil is rust-proofing treated with a chromate-treatment solution having pH in the range from 3.5 to 7.0 to form a chromate film on the surface of the copper foil is employed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a treatment solution for producing substantially chromium(VI) free black conversion layers on alloy layers containing zinc, the solution comprising the following: (i) at least one first carboxylic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the acid containing no polar groups with exception of the carboxyl group and being a monocarboxylic acid, (ii) at least one second carboxylic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising at least one further polar group that is selected from —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, —NHR, —NR2, —NR3+, and —COOH (wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl group), (iii) 20 to 400 mmol/l Cr3+ and (iv) 50 to 2000 mmol/l NO3?. The invention further provides a method for the black passivation of surfaces containing zinc, wherein the surface to be treated is immersed into such a treatment solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crystalline metal oxide having a positive charge-induced region and a negative charge-induced region, which has a surface which has protrusions and recesses or a porous surface. The metal which configures the metal oxide is preferably an elemental metal or an elemental metal-containing alloy such as titanium, zirconium, titanium alloy, zirconium alloy or cobalt chromium alloy. The metal oxide is preferably one obtained by an anodic oxidation treatment of the metal which configures the metal oxide and the metal oxide can be suitably used as a biocompatible material or a member constituting a biocompatible material.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an ion source, which includes a coating or surface formed of a metallic carbide, a metallic boride, a ceramic or DLC, or an ion-implanted transition metal.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to the use of graphene as a transparent conductive coating (TCC). In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films grown on large areas hetero-epitaxially, e.g., on a catalyst thin film, from a hydrocarbon gas (such as, for example, C2H2, CH4, or the like). The graphene thin films of certain example embodiments may be doped or undoped. In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films, once formed, may be lifted off of their carrier substrates and transferred to receiving substrates, e.g., for inclusion in an intermediate or final product. Graphene grown, lifted, and transferred in this way may exhibit low sheet resistances (e.g., less than 150 ohms/square and lower when doped) and high transmission values (e.g., at least in the visible and infrared spectra).

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing chromium hydroxide according to the present invention, chromium hydroxide having higher solubility in an acidic aqueous solution than chromium hydroxide obtained by conventional manufacturing methods can be obtained. The method is characterized by simultaneously adding an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium to an aqueous medium under the condition of a reaction liquid temperature of 0° C. or more and less than 50° C. to produce chromium hydroxide. The pH of the reaction liquid while the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium and the aqueous solution of the inorganic alkali are added is preferably maintained in the range of 7.0 to 12.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to form a chromium-oxide film excellent in corrosion resistance without containing an oxide film of other metal onto the optional metallic material. The chromium-oxide passivation film excellent in corrosion resistance without containing the oxide film of other metal can be formed inexpensively and in a short time, and a fluid supplying system for supplying fluid hard in corrosivity in safety is able to be provided. This invention comprises a step of forming the passivation film consisting of a chromium oxide by giving heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere after coating chromium on metallic material of which surface roughness (Ra) of a coat surface is not more than 1.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aqueous composition of a chromium III compound, comprising adding hydrogen peroxide to a mixture comprising water and a chromium VI compound in the presence of at least one acid according to the formula H2GF6, in which G is a Group IV-B element. The composition may contain less than 500 ppm of alkali metal ions and less than 200 ppm of halide ions, relative to chromium and may test negative for chromium VI using s-diphenylcarbazide. The composition may be used for treating a metal surface, among other applications.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to an article, comprising: a substrate having a surface comprising aluminum or an aluminum alloy; a sealed anodic coating layer overlying at least part of the surface of the substrate; and a layer of a silicon-containing polymer overlying the sealed anodic coating layer. The article may be useful as a brake or wheel component.

Abstract: An inventive workpiece features on at least parts of its surface a wear resistant hard coating comprising the following composition Al1-a-b-c-dCraXbSicBdZ, where x is at least one element from Nb, Mo, W or Ta; Z is one element or compound from N, C, CN, NO, CO, CNO; and 0.2<=a<=0.5; 0.01<=b<=0.2; 0<=c<=0.1; 0<=d<=0.1. Further a PVD process for depositing such a wear resistant coating is disclosed whereby at least one workpiece is installed in a vacuum coating system and said system is operated in a low pressure argon atmosphere utilizing at least two metal or metal alloy targets with at least temporarily addition of a reactive gas.

Abstract: A structure and a method of preventing electrolytic corrosion for a magnesium alloy member (20), the structure wherein a first coated layer (11) formed by electro deposition and a second coated layer (12) formed by distributing PTFE particles on the first coated layer (11) are covered on the surface of a tightening member (1) at least on a surface coming into contact with the magnesium alloy member (20), whereby, the electrolytic corrosion of the magnesium alloy member can be prevented at a low cost by insulating a tightening member such as a steel bolt and a washer from the magnesium alloy member, and an adhesiveness therebetween can be sufficiently assured.

Abstract: A metal piece having an organic coating with improved corrosion resistance and adhesion is described which comprises a zinc or zinc alloy plated metal piece having on its surface, a chromate film deposited from an aqueous acidic chromium solution comprising trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, and a cathodic electrocoated siccative organic coating on the chromate film. A process for obtaining such coated metal pieces also is described.

Abstract: A ceramic coating is formed on a conductive article by immersing a first anodic electrode, including the conductive article, in an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal silicate, providing a second cathodic electrode in contact with the electrolyte, and passing an alternating current from a resonant power source through the first electrode and to the second electrode while maintaining the angle ? between the current and the voltage at zero degree, while maintaining the voltage within a predetermined range. The resulting ceramic coated article comprises a coating which includes a metal, silicon, and oxygen, wherein the silicon concentration increases in the direction from the article surface toward an outer surface of the ceramic coating surface layer.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating metallic workpieces with a bearing material, wherein the workpiece first receives a hard chromium plating having a pearl or columnar structure type surface. A predominantly silver layer is then galvanically deposited, which fills in and smooths the pearl or columnar structure type surface of the hard chromium plating. Optionally, additional hard chromium platings and predominantly silver-containing layers may be applied, preferably galvanically. The predominantly silver layer may advantageously contain a graphite component.

Abstract: An R-T-B magnet (R is at least one kind of rare-earth elements including Y, and T is Fe or Fe and Co) has an electrolytic copper-plating film where the ratio [I(200)/I(111)] of the X-ray diffraction peak intensity I(200) from the (200) plane to the X-ray diffraction peak intensity I(111) from the (111) plane is 0.1-0.45 in the X-ray diffraction by CuKal rays. This electrolytic copper-plating film is formed by an electrolytic copper-plating method using an electrolytic copper-plating solution which contains 20-150 g/L of copper sulphate and 30-250 g/L of chelating agent and contains no agent for reducing copper ions and has a pH adjusted to 10.5-13.5.

Abstract: A process for preparing a chrome substrate for application of a polymer coating, wherein the substrate preparation enhances adhesion and durability of the adhesion between the chrome substrate and the polymer coating, involves contacting the chrome substrate with an acid solution for a period of time sufficient to modify the surface of the chrome substrate. In certain embodiments, the acid treatment is an anodic treatment. In accordance with certain aspects of this invention, the acid treated chrome surface is further treated with a silane compound to enhance adhesion with a subsequently applied polymer coating composition.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a surface-treated copper foil capable of consistently attaining a percent loss of peel strength in resistance against hydrochloric acid degradation of 10% or less as measured on a copper pattern prepared from the copper foil and having a line width of 0.2 mm, by bringing out the maximum effect of the silane coupling agent employed in brass-plated anti-corrosive copper foil. The Another object is to impart excellent moisture resistance to the surface-treated copper foil.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a surface-treated copper foil capable of consistently attaining a percent loss in peel strength against hydrochloric acid degradation of 10% or less as measured on a copper pattern prepared from the copper foil and having a line width of 0.2 mm, by bringing out the maximum effect of the silane coupling agent employed in zinc-plated or zinc-alloy-plated anti-corrosive copper foil. Another object is to impart excellent moisture resistance, heat resistance, and long-term storage stability to the surface-treated copper foil.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises an organic solvent and a solute, and also has an electrolytic conductivity that is greater than or equal to 1 mS/cm but less than or equal to 100 mS/cm. This solute preferably includes at least one of a carboxylate and a salt of inorganic oxoacid. In addition, the non-aqueous electrolyte preferably comprises water in a proportion of 1 to 10 wt %. In an MIM nonlinear element (20), an insulated film (24) is formed by anodic oxidation using the above non-aqueous electrolyte. In addition, the insulated film comprises at least one of carbon atoms and atoms of families 3 to 7 that were originally the central atoms of the salt of inorganic oxoacid, and has a relative permittivity of 10 to 25. With this MIM nonlinear element, the capacitance is sufficiently small, the steepness of the voltage-current characteristic is sufficiently large, and also the resistance is sufficiently uniform over a wide range of voltages.

Abstract: A laminated steel sheet of the present invention has a surface-treated steel sheet with an outermost chromium oxide having specific surface area of 1.08 to 1.35 as a base sheet, and a plastic film is laminated on at least one side of the base sheet, and has excellent in tenacious adhesion to the plastic film after forming.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for applying a stabilization layer to at least one side of copper foil comprising contacting said side of said copper foil with an electrolyte solution comprising zinc ions, chromium ions and at least one hydrogen inhibitor. This invention also relates to copper foils treated by the foregoing process, and to laminates comprising a dielectric substrate and copper foil treated by the foregoing process adhered to said dielectric substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel cyanochromium-complex-based magnetic material formed on an electrode, which is excellent in magnetic properties and of which magnetic properties are reversibly controllable, by impressing a reduction potential which electrochemically reduces Cr.sup.3+ into Cr.sup.2+ in a solution containing at least [Cr(CN).sub.6 ].sup.3- and Cr.sup.3+.

Abstract: A water-soluble composition of matter free of an added buffering agent, for electrolytically depositing a chromium oxide coating on a metal substrate is disclosed comprising a mixture of a complexing agent for a buffering agent such as a boron oxide complexing agent that might be introduced into the composition, a trivalent chromium compound, a weak chelating agent, an optional conductivity enhancing cation, an optional depolarizer, and an optional surfactant. A process is also described as well as a product obtained by the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a material coated with an organic film which exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and lacquer adhesion. The invention includes an electroconductive substrate coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium. Particularly, a zinc-type plated steel sheet coated with an electrolytically polymerized coating film containing chromium in accordance with the invention is well suited for application in vehicle bodies. The invention further provides a method of making a material coated with an organic film which involves forming organic coating material containing chromium on an electroconductive substrate acting as an electrode by electrolytically polymerizing an organic monomer in an electrolyte solution containing chromium. The method provides a monolithic composite structure comprising chromium compounds and an organic coating film, and avoid the problems associated with passivation after chromium plating of steel.

Abstract: A Zn or part-Zn plated steel sheet has an MgO coating free of metallic Mg thereon which increases corrosion resistance and plating adherence. The MgO coating is formed by coating according to the sol-gel method or by dipping or treating by cathodic electrolysis a Zn or part-Zn plated steel sheet in a molten salt bath mainly containing a magnesium salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for applying a stabilization layer to at least one side of copper foil comprising contacting said side of said copper foil with an electrolyte solution comprising zinc ions, chromium ions and at least one hydrogen inhibitor. This invention also relates to copper foils treated by the foregoing process, and to laminates comprising a dielectric substrate and copper foil treated by the foregoing process adhered to said dielectric substrate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of treating metal foil including sequentially contacting the metal foil with a first solution containing a metal foil oxidizer and less than about 5 g/l of a hydroxide compound, contacting the metal foil with a chromium containing electrolytic bath and electrolyzing the bath, wherein the bath contains about 0.1 to about 5 g/l of a chromium compound, and contacting the metal foil with a second solution containing from about 0.1 to about 10% v/v of a silane compound, with the proviso that the metal foil is not contacted with a reducing agent after contact with the first solution.

Abstract: A method for forming relatively thick composite coatings on a region of the surface of a metallic member includes exposing the surface region to an electrolyte fluid, either by immersion or by spraying the electrolyte against the surface region. A preferred electrolyte fluid is an aqueous solution including an electrolytic agent, a passivating agent and a modifying agent in the form of a solute or a powder suspended in the solution. A voltage signal is applied to induce a current flow of constant magnitude between the metallic member and the electrolyte fluid so that the metallic member interacts with the passivating agent to form a passive oxide layer on the surface region. The voltage signal increases in magnitude until local voltage reaches a breakthrough level across separate highly localized discharge channels along the surface region of the metallic member.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxide layer with a pore structure on the surface of a strip or wire of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is such that the strip or wire is passed continuously through an electrolyte and simultaneously anodized under conditions that create pores and at an anodizing voltage creating the desired thickness of oxide layer. In a first stage of the process, in order to form a fine pore structure, the anodizing voltage is set at an initial level (U.sub.1) and subsequently, in a second stage to form a coarser pore structure, raised to a final level (U.sub.2) required to reach the desired thickness of oxide layer.

Abstract: An electrodeposited composite coating comprises, as deposited, a matrix of cobalt and particles of chromium carbide, at least 50% and preferably at least 80% or 90% by weight of the particles lying within the size range of 4 .mu.m to 8 .mu.m.

Abstract: There is disclosed a treating process whereby the thermal oxidation resistance on the shiny side of a copper foil is enhanced so that the shiny side will not discolor on heating to higher temperatures than usual, without impairing the foil's solder wettability, adhesion to resist, and other properties. A Zn-Ni alloy layer which comprises 50-97 wt % Zn and 3-50 wt % Ni or a Zn-Co alloy layer which comprises 50-97 wt % Zn and 3-50 wt % Co is formed on the shiny side of a copper foil at a deposition quantity of 100-500 .mu.g/dm.sup.2 and then the alloy surface is treated for Cr-base corrosion-preventive coating. The Cr-base corrosion-preventive treatment comprises (1) a treatment for forming a coating film of chromium oxide alone, (2) a treatment for forming a mixed coating film of chromium oxide and zinc and/or zinc oxide or (1)+(2). The roughened side of the copper foil may be treated to form thereon a layer of single metal or alloy of two or more metals chosen from among Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe, Co, and Zn.

Abstract: A surface of copper foil is protected from oxidation and tarnishing by electrodepositing on the surface a protective layer containing metallic zinc and one or more compound of tri-valent chromium, which protection layer is easily removable by dissolution in a dilute aqueous alkaline solution and which preferably has a zinc to chromium weight ratio of 1:1 or greater. An electrodeposited copper foil especially suited for multilayer printed circuit boards has such a protective layer electrodeposited on the matte side thereof and an electrodeposited copper bonding treatment on the shiny side thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a plated steel sheet with a Zn--Cr composite plating, wherein a total of 0.01 to 300 g/l of at least one type of salt having a pH buffering action in a pH range of 2 to 6 in a bath containing only zinc are added to an acidic Zn--Cr composite plating bath containing zinc ions and trivalent chromium ions to prepare a plating bath, and plating film is formed on a steel sheet using the resultant plating bath.

Abstract: A zinc-plated metallic material resistant to corrosion at elevated temperatures comprising a metallic material; a plating layer consisting of zinc or zinc alloy containing 70% by weight or more of zinc; and a coating layer on the plating layer comprising 10 to 5,000 mg. of magnesium oxide or hydrated magnesium oxide and 50 to 5,000 mg. of chromium oxide or hydrated chromium oxide per square meter of the coating layer.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine valve (100) is provided having a stem (4) onto which a plating or coating of trivalent chromium is electrodeposited and which is then heated at a temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. for at least about 3 hours to provide a wear resistant surface that is superior to coatings of hexavalent chromium heretofor used for such purpose.

Abstract: A colorless chromate coating film is formed on a bright aluminum wheel by subjecting the surface of an aluminum wheel to a cathodic electrolytic treatment in an acidic aqueous solution containing not less than 2 g/l of hexavalent chromium ions, 20 to 2,000 ppm of sulfate ions, 10 to 400 ppm of fluorine (F) as fluoride and not less than 20 ppm of zirconium ions at a pH of 0.6 to 1.7 at a current density of 0.5 to 15 A/dm.sup.2 for at least 30 seconds, thereby forming a coating film with a chromium coating amount of 50 to 250 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A method for producing a tin free steel having double layers consisting of a lower layer of flatly deposited metallic chromium and an upper layer of insoluble hydrated chromium oxide which is characterized by a dissolution of soluble hydrated chromium oxide after the formation of three layers consisting of a bottom layer of metallic chromium, a middle layer of insoluble hydrated chromium oxide and an upper layer of soluble hydrated chromium oxide on a steel base by using a chromic acid electrolyte with a small amount of fluoride compound.By using this tin free steel, a welded can body can be produced at high speed without the removal of the plated layer in the welded part because this tin free steel has an excellent weldability.

Abstract: A compound containing an element of Group IIB and of Group VIB is cathodically deposited on a cathode comprising a layer of high sheet resistance on an insulating substrate by positioning the anode relative to the cathode such that the distance from the anode to a point on the cathode increases as the distance between the point and the nearest electrical connection to the cathode decreases.