Abstract: There is provided a surface-treated steel sheet (1) comprising: a tin-plated steel sheet (10) obtained by tin-plating a steel sheet (11); a phosphate compound layer (20) containing tin phosphate formed on the tin-plated steel sheet (10); and an aluminum-oxygen compound layer (30) formed on the phosphate compound layer (20), a main constituent of the aluminum-oxygen compound layer being an aluminum-oxygen compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrochemical current sources, more particularly to metal-air current sources, and even more particularly to lithium-air current sources and their electrodes. A cathode comprises a base made of a porous electrically conducting material that is permeable to molecular oxygen, the working surface of which has a copolymer applied thereto, which is produced by the copolymerization of a monomeric transition metal coordination complex having a Schiff base and a thiophene group monomer. The monomeric transition metal coordination complex having a Schiff base can be, for example, a compound of the [M(R,R?-Salen)], [M(R,R?-Saltmen)] or [M(R,R?-Salphen)] type, and the thiophene group monomer can be a compound selected from a thiophene group consisting of 3-alkylthiophenes, 3,4-dialkylthiophenes, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a method for sealing an article with a non-chrome corrosion inhibitor seal. The method may include applying an aqueous-based suspension comprising a thiol-containing corrosion inhibitor on a surface of an anodized substrate.

Abstract: A method for chemically modifying a surface of a metallic substrate material being made of a first metallic material includes the steps of a) bonding an alloy material made of the first metallic material and a second metallic material onto the substrate material; and b) etching away at least some of the first metallic material from the bonded substrate material to obtain a modified substrate material, wherein the modified substrate material has an increased specific surface area. A substrate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) includes a modified substrate material.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet including the step of forming a layer mainly composed of an oxygen compound containing Al onto a tin-plated steel sheet by conducting cathode electrolytic treatment to the tin-plated steel sheet using an electrolytic treatment solution containing Al ions and nitrate ions. For the electrolytic treatment solution, an electrolytic treatment solution not containing F ions and where the amount of nitrate ions contained is 11,500 to 25,000 ppm by weight is used.

Abstract: A gearbox adapted for use with a gas turbine engine and a method for making the same are disclosed herein. The gearbox comprising a housing made from a magnesium alloy, and an aluminum oxide coating on the magnesium alloy housing. The aluminum oxide coating may inhibit corrosion of the housing, and may have a nano-microcrystalline structure that defines an inner region bonded directly to the housing and an outer region spaced apart from the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a membrane and such membrane. The method comprises the steps of: —providing a container with electrolyte; —placing a structure in the container; and —providing at least two electrodes with a potential difference to achieve a plasma electrolytic oxidation on the structure. Preferably, the structure comprises a metallic structure, with the metallic structure chosen from the group of Titanium, Aluminum, Magnesium, Zirconium, Zinc and Niobium, and/or an alloy.

Abstract: Provided is a method for sealing an article with a non-chrome corrosion inhibitor seal. The method may include applying an aqueous-based suspension comprising a thiol-containing corrosion inhibitor on a surface of an anodized substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a light-reflection aluminum door frame molding which comprises a multi-coating-applied aluminum material to thereby improve corrosion resistance and reduce costs. A method for manufacturing a light-reflection aluminum door frame molding includes cutting a metallic plate into a predetermined size, performing anodizing on the metallic plate to form an oxidized film on a surface thereof, performing opaque clear coating and transparent coating on the metallic plate to implement light reflection, and performing press molding on the metallic plate to provide the metallic plate in the shape of a door frame molding.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a core and a cover of one or more layer encasing the core, an outermost layer of the cover is molded of a thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyurea and mixtures thereof, and the surface of the cover is treated with a polyisocyanate compound that is free of organic solvent. A method of manufacturing the golf ball is also described. Such golf balls are endowed with an excellent spin performance and scuff resistance, in addition to which productivity of the golf balls is high.

Abstract: A surface treatment of a magnesium alloy includes preparing a substrate of magnesium alloy, micro-arc oxidizing the substrate of magnesium alloy, forming an oxide layer with a hydroxyl group on the substrate of magnesium alloy, silylizing the oxide layer of the substrate of magnesium alloy with the oxide layer, by soaking the substrate of magnesium alloy in a processing solution with a silyl group-containing compound for 1-300 minutes, and placing the substrate of magnesium alloy with the silylized oxide layer at 70-200° C. for 1-300 minutes, allowing a condensation reaction to occur. The manufactured surface-treated magnesium alloy shows a decreased degradation rate in vivo.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrodeposition system and method with an anode assembly comprising a capacitor comprising a first conductive plate (i.e., an anode) with a frontside having a surface exposed to a plating solution, a second conductive plate on a backside of the first conductive plate, and a dielectric layer between the two conductive plates. During a non-plating mode, a power source, having positive and negative terminals connected to the first and second conductive plates, respectively, is turned on, thereby polarizing the first conductive plate (i.e., the anode) relative to the second conductive plate to prevent degradation of the anode and/or plating solution. During an active plating mode, another power source, having positive and negative terminals connected to the first conductive plate (i.e., the anode) and a cathode, respectively, is turned on, thereby polarizing the anode relative to the cathode in order to deposit a plated layer on a workpiece.

Abstract: A replenisher which is capable of supplying Zr ions to a metal surface treatment solution, while suppressing an increase in the HF concentration in the metal surface treatment solution, so that a chemical conversion coating film can be continuously formed on a steel sheet by electrolysis and contains (A) zirconium hydrofluoric acid or a salt thereof and/or (B) hydrofluoric acid or a salt thereof and (C) a fluorine-free zirconium compound. The total concentration (g/l) of zirconium ions derived from the components (A) and (C) is 20 or more, and the ratio of the total molar amount (MF) of the fluorine ions derived from the components (A) and (B) relative to the total molar amount (MZr) of the zirconium ions derived from the components (A) and (C), namely MF/MZr is 0.01 or more but less than 4.00.

Abstract: The invention relates to a layer structure comprising at least one switch (4) illuminated by an ACPEL arrangement (2), to the method for producing and shaping said layer structure, and the use thereof for forming display and control elements and for forming housing elements for mobile or stationary electronic equipment or small or large household appliances or for forming keyboard systems without movable components.

Abstract: A method of improving the material properties of a composite by electrodepositing particular polymers, organic compounds or inorganic compounds onto electrically conductive fibrous substrates, whether individual fibers or as a fabric, to form composites of improved structural properties and having particular physical properties such as being ice phobic, fire resistant, or electrically conductive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising biologically active chitinous oligomers and their endotoxin purified and partially deacetylated chitin polymer precursors, and their use in pharmaceutical compositions, biomaterial compositions, medical devices, and processes to produce the said oligomers. More specifically the present invention relates to novel compositions and processes to produce such compositions. The compositions include therapeutic hetero polymer and hetero oligomer compositions comprising specific sequences of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine, developed to optimize chemical and structural features which are important for the therapeutic activity of these compositions. In addition, the present invention provides methods to use degree of deacetylation of a partially deacetylated chitin polymer in order to modulate physical and biological parameters in a calcium phosphate composite for bone implant applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to a method of producing ceramic layers on magnesium and its alloys, a magnesium implant with a ceramic layer made by the method, and a magnesium implant having a biocompatible ceramic layer substantially free of material which impairs the biocompatibility of said biocompatible ceramic layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite involving the steps of providing a porous carbon electrode structure having a surface and pores wherein the pores have an average diameter that ranges from about 2 nm to about 1 ?m, depositing a coating comprising FeOx via self-limiting electroless deposition without completely filling or obstructing a majority of the pores, wherein the coating comprising FeOx covers most to all of the interior and exterior surfaces of the prefabricated porous carbon electrode structure and can be deposited in a homogenous form and wherein it can be used directly as an electrode without requiring additional conductive additives or binders to be processed into a device-suitable electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolysis catalysts formed from cobalt, oxygen and buffering electrolytes (e.g. fluoride). They can be formed as a coating on an anode by conducting an electrolysis reaction using an electrolyte containing cobalt and an anionic buffering electrolyte. The catalysts will facilitate the conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen gas at a range of mildly acidic conditions. Alternatively, these anodes can be used with cathodes that facilitate other desirable reactions such as converting carbon dioxide to methanol.

Abstract: An electrode for use in bio-electrochemical systems is described, including: a substantially planar electrode material; a frame comprising a non-conductive substance; and one or more first conductive substances linked or secured to the frame. Bio-electrochemical systems, racks for inserting the electrode, and methods of using the racks are also described.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes an assembly of metal oxide comprising valve metal oxide nanotubes.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes: an electrode assembly; an outer case to enclose the electrode assembly, where the outer case includes an opening; a cap plate to seal the opening of the outer case; an insulating case of a predetermined height installed within the outer case, the insulating case installed between the cap plate and the electrode assembly; and an electrode terminal installed on the cap plate and electrically connected to the electrode assembly, where the outer case includes an insulating portion formed on an inner surface of the opening thereof adjacent said insulating case, said insulating portion being electrically insulating, and said insulating portion located at an upper portion of the outer case and being shaped to prevent foreign substances from flowing from the external environment into the outer case.

Abstract: Dense carbon films are deposited on a conductive substrate by placing the substrate acting as anode in a molten salt electrolyte bath containing a source of carbide ion and applying DC current across the substrate and a counter electrode acting as cathode also placed in the molten salt electrolyte bath. The carbide ions are electrochemically oxidized to deposit a carbon film on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A Cu2ZnSnS4-xSex (0?x?4) thin film solar cell is disclosed. The thin film solar cell includes a Cu2ZnSnS4-xSex (0?x?4) thin film as an absorber layer produced by forming a precursor film composed of Cu, Zn, Sn, and Se using an ionic liquid as a solvent through a constant current process and annealing the precursor film with sulfur. Also disclosed is a method for fabricating the thin film solar cell. The method uses a non-vacuum electrodeposition process that is appropriate for large-area mass production and is thus cost effective compared to a vacuum process. In addition, since the method uses an ionic liquid, the formation of by-products harmful to humans as a result of side reactions is suppressed. Furthermore, the method uses a one-step electrodeposition process, which enables the deposition of a maximum of four elements at one time, or a multi-step deposition process, and an annealing process.

Abstract: It is an object of this disclosure to provide high productivity, low cost-of-ownership manufacturing equipment for the high volume production of photovoltaic (PV) solar cell device architecture. It is a further object of this disclosure to reduce material processing steps and material cost compared to existing technologies by using gas-phase source silicon. The present disclosure teaches the fabrication of a sacrificial substrate base layer that is compatible with a gas-phase substrate growth process. Porous silicon is used as the sacrificial layer in the present disclosure. Further, the present disclosure provides equipment to produce a sacrificial porous silicon PV cell-substrate base layer.

Abstract: Techniques for electrodepositing selenium (Se)-containing films are provided. In one aspect, a method of preparing a Se electroplating solution is provided. The method includes the following steps. The solution is formed from a mixture of selenium oxide; an acid selected from the group consisting of alkane sulfonic acid, alkene sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, heterocyclic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid and perchloric acid; and a solvent. A pH of the solution is then adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0. The pH of the solution can be adjusted to from about 2.0 to about 3.0 by adding a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to the solution. A Se electroplating solution, an electroplating method and a method for fabricating a photovoltaic device are also provided.

Abstract: An in situ method for detecting alpha particles contained in a liquid medium, which uses a system which includes a counter-electrode and an alpha particle detector including a substrate made of an intrinsic semiconductor material sandwiched between two electrical contacts, wherein the contact intended to be in contact with the liquid medium is made of boron-doped diamond. By forming a particular electrolyte 8 and by causing a current to flow between counter-electrode and the boron-doped diamond contact in contact with the liquid medium, actinides or polonium present in the liquid medium may be concentrated on the boron-doped diamond contact, and by this means the detection limit of the alpha emitters may be lowered.

Abstract: A method for forming a film on a conductive substrate, comprising immersing a substrate having a conductive portion in a solution comprising a metal ion ceramic precursor for the film and a peroxide; applying a voltage potential to the conductive portion with respect to a counter electrode in the solution, sufficient to protect the conductive portion from corrosion by the solution, and drive formation of a film on the substrate, controlling a pH of the solution while limiting a production of hydrogen by electrolysis of the solution proximate to the conductive portion; and maintaining the voltage potential for a sufficient duration to produce a film on the conductive portion. An electrode may be formed over the film to produce an electrical device. The film may be, for example, insulating, dielectric, resistive, semiconductive, magnetic, or ferromagnetic.

Abstract: A dental prosthesis, typically formed in a press to metal process, includes application of a porcelain composition sufficient to form a veneer on a dental prosthesis supporting metal structure, the composition having an integrated tooth-like translucency providing an aesthetic appearance. The composition is formed of a dentin frit and an enamel frit, typically sintered into a desired ingot shape including an amount of composition sufficient to veneer the prosthesis. The porcelain composition is a component of a kit that includes opaquers, other porcelains and stains useful in finishing to provide an aesthetic prosthesis.

Abstract: The electrolysis solution for electrolytic ceramic coating includes water, a water-soluble zirconium compound, a complexing agent, carbonate ion, and at least one member selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal ion, ammonium ion and an organic alkali. Te zirconium compound is included at a concentration (X) in terms of zirconium of 0.0001 to 1 mol/L, the complexing agent is included at a concentration (Y) of 0.0001 to 0.3 mol/L, the carbonate ion is included at a concentration (Z) of 0.0002 to 4 mol/L, a ratio of the concentration (Y) of the complexing agent to the concentration (X) in terms of zirconium (Y/X) is at least 0.01, a ratio of the concentration (Z) of the carbonate ion to the concentration (X) in terms of zirconium (Z/X) is at least 2.5, and the electrolysis solution has an electrical conductivity of 0.2 to 20 S/m.

Abstract: A method of anodizing that is performed in the capacitor case. The anode and a formation cathode are inserted into the capacitor case. The formation cathode includes one or more passageways through which formation electrolyte is transferred to contact the surface of the anode. In one particular implementation, the anode includes several slots and the formation cathodes are plates that are inserted into the slots. One or more valves coupled to formation electrolyte storage tanks storing different electrolytes may be coupled to the formation cathode. A rinsing step can be performed by supplying water through the passageways in the formation cathode. Other implementations anodize outside the capacitor case.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a coating is provided that includes a deposition surface, and a coating on the deposition surface. The coating may include particles of a metal chalcogenide comprising a fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination of fullerene-like geometries and tubular-like geometries. The metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX2.

Abstract: A flexible transparent electrochromic device, which includes the following components, each of which is a flexible film: a working electrode comprising a transparent conducting substrate supporting an working electrode active material; a counter electrode including a transparent conducting substrate supporting a counter electrode active material; a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) including a solution of a lithium salt in a polymer solvent. A method for preparing an electrochromic device includes the steps of: preparing a working electrode film, preparing a counter electrode film, preparing a polymer electrolyte film, and assembling the electrodes and the electrolyte, the method being implemented continuously.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a bismuth salt and a stabilizing agent, and wherein the molar ratio of elemental bismuth to the stabilizing agent is not less than 1:0.25.

Abstract: An anodized layer formation method includes: (a) providing an aluminum base or an aluminum film deposited on a support; anodization step (b) in which a forming voltage is increased to a predetermined first voltage level under a predetermined condition with a surface of the aluminum base or a surface of the aluminum film being kept in contact with an electrolytic solution, and thereafter, the forming voltage is maintained at the first voltage level for a predetermined period of time, whereby a porous alumina layer which has a minute recessed portion is formed; and etching step (c) in which, after step (b), the porous alumina layer is brought into contact with an etching solution, whereby the minute recessed portion is enlarged and a lateral surface of the minute recessed portion is sloped.

Abstract: An article to be inserted in a human or animal body cavity, use of the article and preparation thereof. The article has a biologically inhibiting arrangement of electrically connected electrode materials in direct contact with each other on one or more surfaces of the article. The arrangement includes as electrode materials a metallic anode material and a cathode material, where the potential of the cathode material is higher than the potential of the anode material. The cathode material is an electrically conductive material selected among certain non-metallic materials. The arrangement provided on the article releases biological inhibiting ions of the metallic anode material or complexes of such ions when the biologically inhibiting arrangement is contacted with a body fluid.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a metal substrate of superior corrosion resistance and finish, and a surface-treated metal substrate obtained by the process; and a surface treatment process that is capable of providing a metal substrate of superior corrosion resistance and finish, and a surface-treated metal substrate obtained by the process. Specifically, the present invention provides a process for producing a surface-treated metal substrate, comprising the steps of immersing a metal substrate for use as a cathode in a treatment composition (I) comprising water and metal component (A), and applying electric current thereto for 10 to 600 seconds by superposing an AC voltage (Va) with a frequency of 0.1 to 1,000 Hz and a peak-to-peak voltage of 1 to 40 V onto a 1 to 50 V DC voltage (Vd).

Abstract: The present invention relates to Eu (II) compound nanocrystals doped with transition metal ions. Such a constitution generates quantum size effects of an Eu (II) compound nanoparticle, while the transition metal ions can affect a magnetooptical property of the Eu (II) compound nanoparticle. Thus, the magnetooptical property can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides new materials that combine the advantages of well-defined polymeric starting materials and the convenience of surface modification by physical methods into one package and, thus, offers a general and powerful platform suitable for use in numerous applications.

Abstract: Plating bath solutions and methods for depositing selenium generally include an aqueous plating bath containing a soluble selenium source and a soluble surfactant additive, wherein the soluble surfactant additive is selected from the group consisting of an alkane sulfonic acid, an alkane phosphonic acid and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkane group defining the alkane sulfonic acid and the alkane phosphonic acid has less than 25 carbon atoms The method includes immersing a conductive substrate to be plated into the aqueous plating bath; and electroplating selenium onto the substrate to form a continuous and particle free film.

Abstract: Plating bath solutions and methods for depositing selenium generally include an aqueous plating bath containing a soluble selenium source and a soluble surfactant additive, wherein the soluble surfactant additive is selected from the group consisting of an alkane sulfonic acid, an alkane phosphonic acid and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkane group defining the alkane sulfonic acid and the alkane phosphonic acid has less than 25 carbon atoms The method includes immersing a conductive substrate to be plated into the aqueous plating bath; and electroplating selenium onto the substrate to form a continuous and particle free film.

Abstract: A method includes (a) contacting at least a portion of a substrate material with a solution comprising a source of copper, wherein the solution is essentially free of a source of a group IIIB metal and a source of a group IVB metal; and (b) after step (a), contacting at least a portion of the substrate with an electrodepositable coating composition comprising (i) a film-forming resin and (ii) a source of yttrium.

Abstract: A sampling cone of a mass spectrometer is disclosed having a metallic boride coating such as titanium diboride.

Abstract: A novel carbon nanotube (64) is featured in that it has the highest Raman scattering intensity in the vicinity of 1580 cm?1 in its Raman spectrum. Carbon nanotubes can be grown on and from the catalytic fine particles (63) which consist of ultra-fine particles of cobalt oxide catalyst onto a substrate comprising a conductive substrate (62) and fine particles (63) of catalyst formed on a surface thereof. An electron emission device (60) so configured as to emit electrons by applying a voltage to apical ends (64a) of such carbon nanotubes (64) can be reduced in driving voltage and can achieve a current such as to emit a fluorescent material on the market for low-velocity electron beams. The electron emission device (60) needs no gate and can thus simplify the structure and reduce the cost of a surface light-emitting device for which the element is used.

Abstract: Dense carbon nitride films are electrochemically formed on a conductive substrate by placing the substrate acting as cathode in a molten salt electrolyte bath and applying DC current across the substrate and a counter electrode acting as anode also placed in the molten salt electrolyte bath. Carbonate ion and nitrate ion are concurrently reduced to deposit carbon nitride films on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method comprising: disposing atoms of at least one non-metal element over a surface of a cladding material of a nuclear fuel element; and forming at least one product comprising the at least one non-metal element in, over, or both, a surface layer of the cladding material; wherein the at least one non-metal element has an electronegativity that is smaller than or equal to that of oxygen. Also provided is a nuclear fuel element comprising a modified surface layer adapted to mitigate formation of Chalk River Unidentified Deposits (CRUD) on the cladding material.

Abstract: Methods of depositing a magnetic material on a substrate, the methods including placing a substrate in an plating solution, the plating solution including an additive selected from malonic acid derivatives; ?-diketones and ?-diketone derivatives; and C6C3 compounds and C6C3 compound derivatives; and electrochemically depositing a magnetic material on the substrate by pulsing an electrical current connected to the substrate on and off.

Abstract: An electrodepositable coating composition comprising (i) a film-forming polymer, (ii) a corrosion inhibitor, and (iii) a silane that does not contain an ethylenically unsaturated double bond.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously forming thin ceramic coatings on metal sheets, foils or wires. The apparatus has a reaction chamber, perforated nylon sheets, nylon bar guides, copper rods attached to a power supply, nylon collecting rods, and an inlet and an outlet. The reaction chamber is capable of containing an electrolytic solution. The copper rods are separately connected to the R, Y, or B phase of the power supply. Each phase is provided with two thyristors and the output of the thyristors is connected to the copper rods using current transformers. A process for continuously forming thin ceramic coatings on metal sheets, foils or wires is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to silicon-containing compositions, methods of preparing these compositions and methods of depositing amorphous silicon originating from these compositions onto substrates to form composites for use, for example, as anodes in lithium ion batteries. An amorphous silicon-containing coating, such as a thin film, is formed on the substrate. The coating can further include carbon and crystalline silicon.