Abstract: A membrane-free electrochemical reactor and fuel-cell having a collection chamber between a first and second chamber, a mesoporous carbon paper cathode between the first chamber and the collection chamber, a mesoporous carbon paper anode between the second chamber and the collection chamber, the cathode is coated with an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst that imparts a two-electron partial reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide, the anode is coated with an oxygen evolution reaction coating or a hydrogen oxidation reaction coating, oxygen/air input and output ports connected to the first chamber, KOH/water input and output ports connected to the second chamber that are in an open state under an electrolyzer mode, H2/water input and output ports connected to the second chamber that are in an open state under a fuel-cell mode, a second KOH/water input port connected to the collection chamber, and a hydrogen peroxide/KOH/water output port connected to the collection chamber.

Abstract: A gas generating apparatus with separated water pump, comprising a delivery device, an electrolytic device and a water pump. The delivery device accommodates electrolyzed water. The electrolytic device is configured for electrolyzing electrolyzed water to generate hydrogen. The water pump comprises a stirring fan and a drive motor. The stirring fan is configured inside the delivery device to promote the electrolyzed water flowing. The drive motor is coupled to an outer surface of the delivery device and is configured for driving the stirring fan to promote the electrolyzed water flowing. In present invention, the flowing electrolyzed water driven by the separated water pump cools down the electrolytic device, and the drive motor is prevented from corroding by the electrolyzed water and the cooling efficiency of the drive motor is increased. Therefore, the operational safety is improved and the life of the gas generating apparatus with separated water pump is extended.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-bearing material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead carboxylate precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead carboxylate precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.

Abstract: There is provided a new type of electro-synthetic (electrochemical) or electro-energy cell, such as a fuel cell. The cell includes a liquid electrolyte and at least one gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The GDE operates as a gas depolarized electrode and includes a gas permeable material that is substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte, as well as a porous conductive material provided on a liquid electrolyte facing side of the gas diffusion electrode. The porous conductive material can be attached to the gas permeable material by being laminated. Alternatively, the porous conductive material is deposited or coated on at least part of the gas permeable material. A depolarizing gas can be received by the at least one gas diffusion electrode to gas depolarize the electrode. The depolarizing gas changes a half-reaction that would occur at the gas diffusion electrode to a half-reaction that is energetically more favorable.

Abstract: Formulations containing reactive oxygen species (ROS), processes for making these formulations, and methods of using these formulations are described. The formulations can include gels or hydrogels that contain at least one reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formulations can include a composition containing a reduced species (RS) and a reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formulations can also contain a rheology modifier and can include gels or hydrogels. Methods of preparing the formulations can include preparing a composition. Compositions can be prepared by providing water, purifying the water to produce ultra-pure water, combining sodium chloride to the ultra-pure water to create salinated water, and electrolyzing the salinated water at a temperature between about 4.5 to about 5.8° C.

Abstract: Solution-phase (e.g., homogeneous) or surface-immobilized (e.g., heterogeneous) electrode-driven oxidation catalysts based on iridium coordination compounds which self-assemble upon chemical or electrochemical oxidation of suitable precursors and methods of making and using thereof are. Iridium species such as {[Ir(LX)x(H2O)y(?-O)]zm+}n wherein x, y, m are integers from 0-4, z and n from 1-4 and LX is an oxidation-resistant chelate ligand or ligands, such as such as 2(2-pyridyl)-2-propanolate, form upon oxidation of various molecular iridium complexes, for instance [Cp*Ir(LX)OH] or [(cod)Ir(LX)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod=cis-cis,1,5-cyclooctadiene) when exposed to oxidative conditions, such as sodium periodate (NaIO4) in aqueous solution at ambient conditions.

Abstract: An active oxygen generating apparatus comprises cathodes constituted by a plurality of base materials, each containing a conductive polymer, an anode having conductivity, a power source that conducts electricity between both electrodes through water in which oxygen is dissolved, and a water receiving portion that contains the water. The cathodes are made of a plurality of plate-shaped base materials installed upright at intervals in the water receiving portion and the anode is arranged across the plurality of base materials and orthogonally to the plurality of base materials.

Abstract: Provided are various methods, systems and reactors for producing peroxycarboxylic acid compositions, such as non-equilibrium compositions of peracetic acid, for example. The methods and systems relate to electrolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide or peroxide ions in a reactor, wherein the generated materials are reacted with an acetyl donor to form peracetic acid. In an embodiment, a source of alkali metal ions is provided to an anode chamber such that the ratio of concentrations of the alkali metal ions to protons in the anode chamber of a reactor is greater than 1.

Abstract: A wear of an electrode is prevented as much as possible, thereby efficiently electrolyzing a sulfuric acid solution and the like. An electrolysis method includes: passing an electrolytic solution through an electrolysis cell including at least a pair of an anode and a cathode; and supplying the electrodes with an electric power, so as to electrolyze the electrolytic solution, wherein a viscosity of the electrolytic solution is set in a range in response to a current density upon the electric power supply to carry out the electrolysis. The viscosity of a sulfuric acid solution as the electrolytic solution is equal to or less than 10 cP when the current density is equal to or less than 50 A/dm2, the viscosity of the sulfuric acid solution is equal to or less than 8 cP when the current density is from more than 50 to 75 A/dm2, and the viscosity of the sulfuric acid solution is equal to or less than 6 cP when the current density is from more than 75 to 100 A/dm2.

Abstract: A method of treating surfaces of a steel plate by forming an inorganic film on the surfaces of the steel plate by cathodic electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution containing Zr and F and not containing phosphoric acid ions. Also disclosed is a method of treating surfaces of a steel plate by cathodic electrolytic treatment in aqueous solution containing Zr, F and P, and having a phosphoric acid ion concentration in a range of larger than 0 to smaller than 0.003 mols/liter calculated as PO4.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: A method for generating high concentration chlorine dioxide having purity over 90% by means of an electrolytic procedure using an electrolytic material prepared from NaCl and NaClO2 subject to the control of optimal operation parameters of current 80˜110 Amp, concentration of sodium chloride to be 20˜25% sodium chloride and sodium chlorite to be 5% minimum, operation temperature 55˜65° C., and material feeding speed 30˜50 ml/min. Under the effect of ClO2 after 20 minutes, no bacteria count is detectable, and bacteria count Log value of SPA water of aerobic count 1.5×105 CFU/mL is dropped by 1.46 Log CFU/g in 120 ppm ClO2. Therefore, the ClO2 preparation method of the invention is an economical and convenient process suitable for on-line continuous disinfection or sterilization application.

Abstract: A generator produces variable output of hydrogen and oxygen from electrolysis of water as a fuel supplement for combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. The generator includes an electrolytic reactor having a sealed cathode chamber partially filled with an electrolyte solution, and an anode immersed within the solution and electrically isolated from the chamber. A level sensor and reservoir maintain solution levels in one or more reactors configured in electrolyte communication. A source of electrical power energizes reactors responsive to changing combustion demand. A cooling system cools the reactors to allow the generator to operate at high amperage. An optional controller shifts reactor duty cycles to equalize reactor service over time. Gases produced in reactor air space above solution level are drawn or pumped to a combustion chamber to combine with hydrocarbon fuel and air. The combination results in greater combustion efficiency and reduces harmful emissions.

Abstract: An industrially useful peroxo-carbonate is electrolytically produced using, as a raw material, carbon dioxide that is inexpensive and easily available. A process of producing a peroxo-carbonate, includes feeding a carbon dioxide gas into an electrolytic cell having a gas diffusion anode and a cathode, or feeding a liquid having a carbon dioxide gas dissolved therein into an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode, and electrolytically converting the carbon dioxide gas into a peroxo-carbonate. By properly setting up electrolytic conditions such as electrodes, a useful peroxo-carbonate can be produced with high current efficiency using inexpensive carbon dioxide as the raw material.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen peroxide solution from seawater as a starting material substantially free of effective chlorine or organic halogen compounds. An electric current is passed through an insoluble anode and an oxygen gas diffusion cathode while keeping the halide ion concentration of anolyte supplied to the anode chamber to a level not greater than 1 g/l. Hydrogen peroxide thus generated dissolves in the catholyte. Anodic oxidation of halide ions is suppressed, to thereby inhibit the production of effective chlorine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the generation and collection of an aqueous peracid solution at the cathode of a PEM electrolyzer. The electrochemical process introduces carboxylic acid (such as distilled table vinegar, lactic acid, citric acid or combinations) to the anode and a source of oxygen to the cathode. The PEM electrolyzer has a gas diffusion cathode having a cathodic electrocatalyst that is capable of hydrogen peroxide generation. The peracid solution is generated at the gas diffusion cathode and the solution is very pure and may be used for disinfecting or sterilizing various items or solutions. In a second embodiment, the carboxylic acid may be provided directly to the cathode, such as in the form of an acid vapor.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical uses is made of a conductive metal mesh coated with boron-doped diamond. The electrode may be used in electrochemical reactions either as a cathode or as an anode, or can be used with an alternating current.

Abstract: The process for preparing an aqueous alkaline solution containing a peroxide and/or percarbonate includes providing an electrochemical cell comprising a porous oxygen diffusion cathode including a carbon woven or nonwoven fabric, a gas diffusion anode containing a carbon woven or nonwoven fabric and fed gaseous hydrogen or an anode including a metal grid coated with a noble metal catalyst and coated on a side facing the cathode with a proton-permeable membrane acting as a solid polymer electrolyte, an electrolyte-containing chamber between the cathode and the anode containing an electrolyte and a direct current source connected across the anode and cathode; feeding an aqueous feed solution containing at least one alkali hydroxide and/or alkali carbonate in a concentration of from 30 to 180 g/l into the electrolyte-containing chamber to provide the electrolyte; supplying an oxygen-containing gas containing molecular oxygen to the carbon woven or nonwoven fabric of the cathode; operating the direct current sour

Abstract: Sour natural gas, containing H.sub.2 S and organic sulfide contaminants, is contacted with a sweetening composition comprising an aqueous solution of a substantially equimolar mixture of OCl and HO.sub.2. (preferably NaOCl and NaOOH) for a time sufficient to oxidize the sulfides to an odorless form. The solution has a pH of 9.0-10.5, an oxidation normality of 0.001-0.1. The solution may be produced by mixing Cl.sub.2 into a dilute aqueous solution of NaOH at about pH 10.5 until the pH reaches a level of about 9.5-10.5, or produced electrochemically in a diaphragm cell having a bipolar electrode in the same compartment as the anode, collecting the effluent gas from the cell and absorbing said effluent gas into a dilute aqueous solution of NaOH at about pH 9.5-10.5. The treatment may be run as an adjunct to a metal chelate redox treatment to improve the oxidation by the redox catalyst and to improve the catalyst regeneration.