Abstract: Metal and metal alloys with sealed anodic oxide coatings with at least partial crystallinity are disclosed. Associated articles are correspondingly disclosed. The sealed anodic coatings exhibit steam, superheated steam, alkaline and acidic resistance. The crystalline sealed anodic oxide coating can be prepared by impregnation of pores of a metal or metal substrate with metal precursor species, conversion of the metal precursor species into metal hydroxides, thermal treatment to dry out moisture and to promote phase transformation of the metal hydroxide product into metal oxides solids and bonding with metastable metal oxide substance in the pore structure of the metal or metal alloy substrate, and hydrothermal sealing, to create sealed anodic coating.

Abstract: Methods of preparing metal and metal alloys with partially microcrystalline anodic coatings are disclosed. Associated article therefrom are correspondingly disclosed. The partially microcrystalline anodic coatings exhibit steam, superheated steam, alkaline and acidic resistance. Partially microcrystalline anodic coating can be prepared by impregnation of micropores of a metal or metal substrate with metal precursor species, conversion of the metal precursor species into metal hydroxides, thermal treatment to dry out moisture and to promote phase transformation of the metal hydroxide product into metal oxides solids and bonding with metastable metal oxide substance in the pore structure of the metal or metal alloy substrate, and hydrothermal sealing to create sealed partially microcrystalline anodic coating.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board, including: a metal substrate; an anodic oxide layer formed by anodizing the metal substrate; circuit layers formed on the anodic oxide layer; and a first sol-gel layer formed by applying a photocatalytic material between circuit wirings of the circuit layers and then curing the applied photocatalytic material. The printed circuit board is advantageous in that it can be realized into a high-voltage package printed circuit board because a sol-gel layer is formed between circuit wirings of circuit layers.

Abstract: A method of improving the material properties of a composite by electrodepositing particular polymers, organic compounds or inorganic compounds onto electrically conductive fibrous substrates, whether individual fibers or as a fabric, to form composites of improved structural properties and having particular physical properties such as being ice phobic, fire resistant, or electrically conductive.

Abstract: A process for forming a porous metal oxide or metalloid oxide material, the process including: providing an anodic substrate including a metal or metalloid substrate; providing a cathodic substrate; contacting the anodic substrate and the cathodic substrate with an acid electrolyte to form an electrochemical cell; applying an electrical signal to the electrochemical cell; and forming shaped pores in the metal or metalloid substrate by: (c) time varying the applied voltage of the electrical signal to provide a voltage cycle having a minimum voltage period during which a minimum voltage is applied, a maximum voltage period during which a maximum voltage is applied, and a transition period between the minimum voltage period and the maximum voltage period, wherein the voltage is progressively increased from the minimum voltage to the maximum voltage during the transition period, or (d) time varying the current of the electrical signal to provide a current cycle having a minimum current period during which a mi

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an extended-life plating solution that allows an aluminum electroplating process to be performed stably for a long period of time, and also a method for forming an aluminum plating film using the same. An aluminum electroplating solution according to the present invention as a means for achieving the object is characterized by comprising 1.5 to 4.0 mol of an aluminum halide per 10.0 mol of dimethyl sulfone and, relative to the aluminum halide, ammonium chloride in a molar ratio of 1/15 to 1/4 or a tetraalkylammonium chloride in a molar ratio of 1/15 to 1/2. The plating solution has improved electrical conductivity and thus has a further advantage in that it allows the formation of a uniform aluminum plating film on a substrate to be plated even when the plating process is performed by a barrel method.

Abstract: A wear resistant ceramic coated aluminum alloy article. The alloy preferably contains from about 85 to about 92 percent aluminum with a plurality of other oxidizable metals selected from copper, magnesium, zinc, and chromium. Less that about 2 percent total of other elements is usually present. In accordance with the invention, the alloy preferably contains less than 0.5 percent each of manganese, iron and silicon. An example of such an alloy is 7075 aluminum alloy. The article is made by a method including the steps of: a) immersing the article in an aqueous electrolyte containing from about 1.5 to about 2.5 grams per liter of alkali metal hydroxide and from about 6.5 to about 9.5 grams per liter of alkali metal silicate. In general no more than 1 g per liter of alkali metal pyrophosphate is present and no more than about 0.

Abstract: Fibrous composite comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and a silica-containing moiety having one of the structures: (SiO)3Si—(CH2)n—NR1R2) or (SiO)3Si—(CH2)n—NCO; where n is from 1 to 6, and R1 and R2 are each independently H, CH3, or C2H5.

Abstract: Approaches for formation of a circuit via which electrically connects a first thin film metallization layer a second thin film metallization layer are described. Via formation involves the use of an anodization barrier and/or supplemental pad disposed in a via connection region prior to anodization of the first metallization layer. The material used to form the barrier is substantially impermeable to the anodization solution during anodization, and disrupts the formation of oxide between the electrically conducting layer and the barrier. The supplemental pad is non-anodizable, and is covered by the barrier to substantially prevent current flow through the pad during anodization. Following anodization, the barrier is removed. If the supplemental pad is sufficiently conductive, it can be left on the first metallization layer after removal of the barrier.

Abstract: There is provided a resin composition for plating use in which all of plating adhesion strength, moldability, impact resistance, and low coefficient of linear expansion are excellent; and a resin plated product. The resin composition for plating use of the present invention is characterized by including a graft copolymer (A) formed by graft polymerizing a specific monomer component onto a rubber-like polymer (d) constituted of a conjugated diene-based rubber, and a specific copolymer (B), wherein a proportion of the rubber-like polymer (d) is 10 to 20% by mass, relative to the combined total of the graft copolymer (A) and the copolymer (B) which accounts for 100% by mass, and also 1 to 8 parts by mass of an antioxidant (C) having a melting point of 25 to 100° C. is added, relative to the combined total of the graft copolymer (A) and the copolymer (B) which accounts for 100 parts by mass.

Abstract: A method of forming a bioelectronic device including a protein on an electrically conductive substrate, by electro-depositing aminopolysaccharide chitosan on the substrate while applying a cathodic voltage to the substrate, to form an aminopolysaccharide chitosan film thereon, applying an anodic voltage to the substrate in the presence of NaCl to activate the aminopolysaccharide chitosan film so that it is reactive with protein. The method also optionally includes reacting the aminopolysaccharide film, after activation thereof, with the protein, so that the protein assembles on and is coupled to the substrate, thereby forming a bioelectronic device. The protein can include single or multiple protein species, and including biosensing proteins. Additional methods include biosensing of electrochemically active compounds either present in a sample or generated during a biological recognition event and devices useful in such methods.

Abstract: A metal surface treated to have a distinct cosmetic appearance such as an integral layer that is glossy may be used in electronic devices. The surface treatment may include polishing a metal surface, texturing the polished metal surface, polishing the textured surface, followed by anodizing the surface, and then polishing the anodized surface. The metal surface may also be dyed to impart a rich color to the surface.

Abstract: There is provided a magnesium alloy member having mechanical properties and corrosion resistance and a method of manufacturing the magnesium alloy member. A magnesium alloy member has a base material made of a magnesium alloy, and an anticorrosive film formed on the base material. The base material is a rolled magnesium alloy including 5 to 11% by mass of Al. By using a base material including a large amount of Al, a magnesium alloy member having excellent mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance can be produced. In addition, by using a rolled material, the number of surface defects at the time of casting is small, and the frequency of compensation processes such as undercoating and puttying can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a bismuth salt and a stabilizing agent, and wherein the molar ratio of elemental bismuth to the stabilizing agent is not greater than 1:0.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the growth, development and repair of bone, cartilage or other connective tissue. Devices and stimulus waveforms are provided to differentially modulate the behavior of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and other connective tissue cells to promote proliferation, differentiation, matrix formation or mineralization for in vitro or in vivo applications. Continuous-mode and pulse-burst-mode stimulation of cells with charge-balanced signals may be used. Bone, cartilage and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by nitric oxide release through electrical stimulation and may be modulated through co-administration of NO donors and NO synthase inhibitors. Bone, cartilage and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by release of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in response to electrical stimulation to promote differentiation of cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing metal nanoparticle-modified boron-doped diamond the method comprising generating a strong oxidising agent by acid treating a front surface of the boron-doped diamond prior to deposition of the metal nanoparticles onto the front surface of the boron-doped diamond. The metal nanoparticle-modified boron-doped diamond resulting from the acid wash has a front surface which is oxygen terminated. The metal nanoparticle-modified boron-doped diamond may be used in electrodes as an oxygen sensor, the electrode may be made by preparing a boron-doped diamond column; insulating the column so that only a front surface of the column is exposed; polishing the front surface of the column; acid-treating the front surface of the column; and depositing metal nanoparticles onto the front surface of the column.

Abstract: A method for anodizing aluminum, wherein an object (29) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is anodized in an electrolytic solution (25), and thereby an anodized aluminum film is formed on a surface of the object (29), is provided. The electrolytic solution (25) is comprised of at least one acid selected from organic acids having two or more carboxylic groups, moves at an average speed of 15 cm/sec or less along at least an outer surface of the object (29). The anodization is performed under conditions that a temperature of the outer surface of the object (29) is 80° C. or less, and current density is in a range from 10 to 170 A/dm2.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for galvanic deposition of a hard chrome layer on a substrate surface at high rates of deposition. According to the invention, the substrate surface being coated makes contact at reduced pressure relative to the ambient pressure with a chromium-containing electrolyte suitable for galvanic deposition and a relative motion between substrate surface and electrolyte is produced during the depositing of the chrome layer on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A multilayer lubrication coating film is formed on the outer surface of an object to be coated. The multilayer lubrication coating film comprises a lower-layer coating film formed on an outer surface of the object to be coated, and an upper-layer coating film formed on a surface of the lower-layer coating film. The lower-layer coating film has a higher Vickers hardness than the Vickers hardness of the object to be coated.

Abstract: A metal substrate with an insulation layer has a metallic substrate having at least an aluminum base, and an insulation layer formed on the aluminum base of the metallic substrate. The insulation layer is a anodized film of aluminum that has a porous structure having plural pores and a Martens hardness of 1000 N/mm2 to 3500 N/mm2. A ratio of an average pore size of the plural pores to an average wall thickness of the plural pores ranges from 0.2 to 0.5.

Abstract: A single crystal of zinc oxide which is c-axis oriented with use of electrolytic deposition method is formed on an amorphous carbon layer, after the amorphous carbon layer is provided on an inexpensive graphite substrate. The amorphous carbon layer is provided by oxidizing the surface of the graphite substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an anodic oxide processing method in which the generation of cracks is suppressed in an anodic oxide film formed on an aluminum alloy substrate surface, such as an inner wall of a vacuum chamber of a plasma processing device, and an anodic oxide film having low heat reflectivity and a high withstand voltage is formed with high efficiency. The method for forming an anodic oxide film involves forming the anodic oxide film on the surface of a JIS 6061 aluminum alloy substrate in a sulfuric acid solution or a mixed acid solution of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. The total voltage in the direction of the film thickness is at least 1650 V·?m for the entire film thickness of the anodic oxide film formed.

Abstract: Provided is an Al alloy member with an excellent mechanical strength that is sufficient for use in large-scale manufacturing apparatuses. The Al alloy member is characterized in that, in mass %, Mg concentration is 5.0% or less, Ce concentration is 15% or less, Zr concentration is 0.15% or less, the balance comprises Al and unavoidable impurities, the elements of the unavoidable impurities are respectively 0.01% or less, and the Vickers hardness of the Al alloy member is greater than 30.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used preferably, wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is carried out. In this manner, numerous nanowires are created in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, a reversed pulse procedure with an alternating sequence consisting of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counter-pulses is carried out. By this means, segmented nanowires can be produced.

Abstract: A tin-plated steel sheet includes a steel sheet; an Sn-containing plating layer in which the mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2 disposed on at least one surface of the steel sheet; a first chemical conversion coating which contains P and Sn, in which the mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2, disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer; and a second chemical conversion coating which contains P and Al, in which the mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and the mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2, disposed on the first chemical conversion coating.

Abstract: An article has an anodised titanium or titanium alloy surface layer containing pores which form recesses opening to the outside of the layer. A wetting-resistant coating is formed on the anodised surface layer. The coating penetrates the pores but retains the recesses to make the surface of the article hydrophobic and thereby restrict accumulation of ice.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic copper coating that exhibits a bendability and flexibility equal to or better than those of rolled copper foil after the heat history in a circuit board fabrication process, especially after a heat history equivalent to the heat history applied when bonding with a polyimide film. The present invention provides an electrolytic copper coating and a method of manufacturing the same wherein, when performing heat treatment so that the LMP value shown in Equation 1 becomes 9000 or more, the result becomes a crystal distribution of crystal grains, having a maximum length of crystal grains after heat treatment of 10 ?m or more, of 70% or more: LMP=(T+273)*(20+Log t)??Equation 1 where, 20 is a material constant of copper, T is temperature (° C.), and t is time (hr).

Abstract: Techniques or processes for providing markings on products are disclosed. In one embodiment, the products have housings and the markings are to be provided on the housings. For example, a housing for a particular product can include an outer housing surface and the markings can be provided in the outer housing surface so as to be visible from the outside of the housing.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter, and an electrocast tube. It also provides a thin wire material for production of an electrocast tube having a fine inner diameter. An electrocast tube producing method comprising the steps of forming an elecrtodeposit around a thin wire material (30) by electrocasting, and removing the thin wire material (30) from the electrodeposit, wherein the thin wire material (30) is removed either by heating the electrodeposit for thermal expansion or by cooling the thin wire material (30) for contraction, so as to form a clearance between the electrodeposit and the thin wire material (30), followed by gripping and pulling, or sucking the thin wire material (30) or physically pushing it away or blowing gas or liquid to push it away.

Abstract: A porous tin particle and its preparation method are provided in the present invention. The method includes steps of: (a) performing a reductive (or reductive electrochemical) reaction on a tin particle which simultaneously reacts with lithium ions to form a tin-lithium (Sn—Li) alloy; and (b) performing an oxidative (or oxidative electrochemical) reaction on Sn—Li alloy to release the lithium ions therefrom, and the porous tin particle is formed. The porous tin particle could be further applied in manufacturing the electrochemical electrode for lithium-ion battery with longer cycle life and higher reversibility.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for application of a multifunctional coating to the surface of a workpiece made from aluminium or an aluminium alloy. The invention further relates to a workpiece, which may be produced by such a method.

Abstract: A process to form devices may include forming a seed layer on and/or over a substrate, modifying a seed layer selectively, forming an image-wise mold layer on and/or over a substrate and/or electrodepositing a first material on and/or over an exposed conductive area. A process may include selectively applying a temporary patterned passivation layer on a conductive substrate, selectively forming an image-wise mold layer on and/or over a substrate, forming a first material on and/or over at least one of the exposed conductive areas and/or removing a temporary patterned passivation layer. A process may include forming a sacrificial image-wise mold layer on a substrate layer, selectively placing one or more first materials in one or more exposed portions of a substrate layer, forming one or more second materials on and/or over a substrate layer and/or removing a portion of a sacrificial image-wise mold layer.

Abstract: A structured chromium solids particles layer with a network of cracks in which solids particles are embedded, wherein the crack density is 10-250 per mm, the particle size of the solids particles lies in the range of from 0.01-10 ?m, the proportion of solids particles in the overall layer is 1-30 vol.-% and the chromium solids particles layer has a microstructure with depressions in the surface of the layer, wherein the proportion of the surface area accounted for by the depressions is 5-80%. A method for producing the structured chromium solids particles layer on a workpiece includes introducing the workpiece into an electrolyte containing a Cr(VI) compound and electrolytically depositing a chromium layer at a current density of 20-100 A/dm2 and a current yield of 12% or less and then reversing the current direction wherein the solid particles are embedded within the network of cracks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of karat gold jewelry items. The invention provides a method for manufacturing karat gold jewelry comprising producing a non metallic material form corresponding to the shape and size of the desired jewelry item, the form being molded in a metal die. Treating the surface of the non metallic material form to make the surface electrically conductive and receptive to an electroplating process; and adding a layer of karat gold not less than 15 micron thickness to the treated form by means of an electroplating process to produce a jewelry item.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer coating film, which comprises steps of applying a waterborne intermediate coating composition on an electrodeposited coating film to form an intermediate coating film; applying a waterborne base coating composition on the intermediate coating film to form a base coating film; applying a clear coating composition on the base coating film to form a clear coating film; and simultaneously baking and curing the intermediate coating film, the base coating film applied thereon, and the clear coating film further applied thereon in order to form a multilayer coating film, wherein the waterborne intermediate coating composition comprises an emulsion of a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin comprising 27 to 65% by weight of a styrene monomer, wherein the emulsion has a water-tolerance within a range of from 0.

Abstract: A component with a layer with CNT incorporated into thereof is disclosed. Particles of a dry lubricant are also embedded into the layer. The layer is particularly suited for electrical contact surfaces due to the embedded CNT. Further provided is a method for electrochemically producing the layer in which preferably ionic fluids are used as an electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition containing (A) at least one organic binder that can be dispersed in water and contains cationic groups, and (B) 0.05-10 wt. %, in relation to the solid body content of the aqueous coating composition, of a water-dilutable vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. Said vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (B) contains vinylpyrrolidone monomer units and vinylacetate monomer units in a molar ratio of 0.3:0.7-0.7:0.3, preferably 0.4:0.6-0.6:0.4 and has an average molecular weight of less than 200.000 g/mol.

Abstract: The invention relates to electroplating additives for the deposition of a group IB metal/binary or ternary group IB-group IIIA/ternary, quaternary or pentanary group IB-group IIIA-group VIA alloy on substrates useful for thin film solar cells. The additives have the general formula (A): wherein X1 and X2 may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of arylene and heteroarylene; FG1 and FG2 may be the same or different or are selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2OH, —S(O)OH, —COOH, —P(O)2OH and primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups and salts and esters thereof; R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, arylene or heteroarylene and n and m are integers from 1 to 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of galvanoplastic deposition of a gold alloy on an electrode dipped into a bath including metal gold in alkaline aurocyanide form, organometallic compounds, a wetting agent, a sequestering agent and free cyanide. According to the invention, the alloy metals are copper, in double copper and potassium cyanide form, and silver in cyanide form, allowing a mirror bright yellow gold alloy to be deposited on the electrode. The invention concerns the field of galvanic depositions.

Abstract: Techniques or processes for providing markings on products are disclosed. In one embodiment, the products have housings and the markings are to be provided on sub-surfaces of the housings. For example, a housing for a particular product can include an outer housing surface and the markings can be provided on a sub-surface the outer housing surface yet still be visible from the outside of the housing. Since the markings are beneath the surface of the housing, the markings are durable.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for electrolytically coating an article. The method includes providing an article to be coated and disposing the article in an electrolytic cell. The cell includes an anode, a cathode in operable communication with the article, and an electrolyte bath. During electrolysis, the electrolyte bath comprises cobalt ions, phosphorous acid, and tribological particles selected from the group consisting of refractory materials, solid lubricants and mixtures thereof dispersed therein. The method further includes applying steady direct electric current through the anode, the electrolyte bath and the cathode to coat the article with cobalt, phosphorous and the tribological particles. An improved composition of matter is also provided that may be used as a coating, or the composition may be electroformed on a mandrel to form an article made from the composition of matter.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for forming a coating film on a metallic substrate by a multistage energization method at no less than two stages using an electrodeposition bath which comprises a water-based film-forming agent comprising zirconium compound and, as the base resin, an amino group-containing modified epoxy resin which is obtained through reaction of an epoxy resin with an amino group-containing compound, said epoxy resin having been obtained through reaction of a diepoxide compound, a bisphenol epoxy resin and bisphenols; whereby coated articles excelling in corrosion resistance are offered.

Abstract: Object: To provide a coated article in which an electrodeposition coating film formed on an untreated steel sheet exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, in particular, excellent hot salt water immersion resistance at 55° C.; and a multilayer coating film formed by a 3-coat 1-bake coating method on the electrodeposition coating film, which is formed on the untreated steel sheet, exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in a combined corrosion cycle test. Means for Achieving the Object: The present invention provides a cationic electrodeposition coating composition including amino group-containing modified epoxy resin (A), blocked polyisocyanate curing agent (B), metal compound (C), and nitrogen oxide ion (E), wherein metal compound (C) is contained in an amount of 10 to 10,000 ppm calculated as metal, and nitrogen oxide ion (E) is contained in an amount of 50 to 10,000 ppm relative to the mass of the cationic electrodeposition coating composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel liposome compositions generally including a foreign inclusion (e.g., diamond) component, and a liposome (e.g., a paucilamellar liposome) component. Also disclosed are methods of using these composition for plating and plate obtained thereby. Novel liposomal compositions including components such as diamonds, are also disclosed, which can be used in a variety of applications, such as in abrasive, cosmetic or medical applications.

Abstract: A process for the anticorrosive treatment of metal components that have been heat-treated at a temperature of at least 100° C. and at least partially comprise zinc surfaces, wherein the surfaces of the component that consist of zinc already partially have a crystalline zinc phosphate layer, wherein the cleaned component is given an activating pretreatment with an acidic aqueous dispersion of insoluble phosphates having a pH of not less than 4 and the component is subsequently subjected to a phosphating conversion treatment before electrocoating is applied. The invention also comprises the use of metal components that have been treated in such a process, for the application of multilayer systems and in particular for the manufacture of bodies in automobile production.

Abstract: A metal surface treated to have a distinct cosmetic appearance such as an integral layer that is glossy may be used in electronic devices. The surface treatment may include polishing a metal surface, texturing the polished metal surface, polishing the textured surface, followed by anodizing the surface, and then polishing the anodized surface. The metal surface may also be dyed to impart a rich color to the surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous electroformed shell for forming a grain pattern and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes the step of implanting a fiber into a patterned surface of a negative-type silicone cast; applying, laminating, and curing an epoxy resin on the patterned surface of the negative-type silicone cast, and transferring the fiber from the negative-type silicone cast to an epoxy mandrel during demolding of the epoxy mandrel; forming a conductive thin film on the patterned surface of the epoxy mandrel, and causing the patterned surface to be conductive; removing the fiber having the conductive thin film from a surface of the epoxy mandrel; forming an electrodeposited layer by electrodepositing an electroforming metal on the conductive thin film while generating and growing a fine pore at a position of a hole due to the removal of the fiber; and demolding the electrodeposited layer having the fine pore from the epoxy mandrel.

Abstract: A laminate stack having individual soft magnetic sheets. The individual sheets are involutely curved in the laminate stack. Each individual sheet has a first long side, a second long side opposite the first long side, a first short side and a second short side opposite the first short side. The first long side has a recess, said recess being rectangular and equidistant from the first short side, the second short side and the second long side when the individual sheet is in its uncurved state.

Abstract: The present invention presents a metal wire structure with high-melting-point protective layer and its manufacturing method, of which the structure comprising: a core and a protective layer; the core is made of metal, and the protective layer made of metal carbide or metal nitride. The manufacturing method includes the following steps: preparation, discharge and finish. The protective layer is gradually bonded onto the exterior surface of the core until a preset thickness of the protective layer, and then fully covered onto the core through a plating process of discharge reaction at temperature over 5000?. With this design, the present invention has advantages and efficacies such as: without generation of silicide and producing protective effects.

Abstract: A cathodic electrodeposition coating material comprising (A) at least one water-dispersible organic binder containing cationic groups, where the cathodic electrodeposition coating material has been admixed with 0.005%-0.5% by weight, based on the solids content of the cathodic electrodeposition coating material, of (B) an organic, tetravalent titanium, zirconium or hafnium complex having one or more oxygen-containing ligands.