Abstract: An ordering structure scintillator of scintillator and fabrication method is disclosed. The ordering structure scintillator of scintillator comprises: a tubular template, which consists of a plurality of thin film oxidized metal tubes; a plurality of scintillators, filled in the thin film oxidized metal tubes; and a package layer, formed on the surface of the tubular template for protecting the tubular template. In addition, through the fabrication method, the ordering structure scintillator of scintillator can be made by anodic treatment and die casting technology with low cost and rapid production; moreover, the film oxidized metal tubes of the tubular template can be further manufactured to nano tubes by adjusting electrolyte composition, electrolysis voltage, and processing time of anodic treatment, and the aperture size, the thickness and the vessel density of the nano tube can be controlled and ranged from 10 nm to 500 nm, 0.1 ?m to 1000 ?m, and 108 to 1012 tube/cm2, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are coating compositions, such as primer compositions, suitable for providing corrosion protection to metal substrates, as well as related coated articles and methods.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for manufacturing of an object having phosphorescent properties, comprising the steps of providing an object having a surface made from aluminium or from an aluminium-based alloy and forming a layer of porous aluminium (hydr)oxide at said surface. The invention is characterized in that the method comprises the step of contacting the layer of porous aluminium (hydr)oxide with one or several solutions containing metal dopant ions such as to allow the metal dopant ions to bind to the layer of porous aluminium (hydr)oxide, wherein at least one of said solutions contains ions of at least one element selected from a first group consisting of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba), and wherein at least one of said solutions contains ions of europium (Eu). The invention also concerns an object obtainable by the above method.

Abstract: A method for producing an adhesion promoting layer on a surface of a titanium material involves introducing the surface into an aqueous alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide at a concentration in a range from 100 to 300 g/l, sodium tartrate at a concentration in a range from 20 to 200 g/l, methyl glycine diacetic acid trisodium at a concentration in a range from 5 g/l to 60 g/l, and pentasodium triphosphate at a concentration in a range from 2 g/l to 20 g/l. A voltage is applied between the solution and the titanium material for a predefined period of time, in order to produce the layer by anodic oxidation of the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a coating composition that can be applied to a conductive substrate via an anodic electrodeposition process, substrates coated with the coating composition and a process for applying the coating to a substrate. The electrodepositable coating composition is an aqueous dispersion comprising of an at least partially neutralized copolymer comprising ?-olefin and unsaturated carboxylic acid and a curing agent. After a layer of the coating composition has been applied to the substrate, it can be heated to cure the coating and form a crosslinked network that provides a durable chip and corrosion resistant finish.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aluminum wheel comprising: Al as a major ingredient, Si: about 0˜2 wt % (excluding 0), Fe: about 0˜0.15 wt% (excluding 0), Cu : about 0.5˜1 wt %, Mn: about 0.03˜0.2 wt %, Mg: about 0.8˜1.2 wt %, Cr: about 0.05˜0.35 wt %, Zn: about 0.2˜0.6 wt %, Ti: about 0.01˜0.1 wt %, Sr: about 0.001˜0.05 wt %, P: about 0˜0.001 wt % (excluding 0) and inevitable impurities; and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: A metallic shell includes a metal layer having an outer surface. The outer surface defines at least one engraving portion. Each engraving portion includes a base portion and a sidewall connected between the outer surface and the base portion. The metallic shell further includes a protective layer with a first color. The protective layer coats the outer surface and the base portion. A second antioxidation coating with a second color different from the first color is coated on the sidewall of the at least one engraving portion. A method for etching a pattern on a metallic shell is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ruthenium electrolyte which is suitable for the deposition of decorative and industrial layers having a particular blackness. The invention further relates to the use of the electrolyte of the invention in a process for the deposition of decorative and industrial layers of ruthenium having a particular blackness (“black ruthenium) on jewelry, decorative goods, consumer goods and industrial articles. The invention therefore likewise relates to corresponding layers and the articles coated in this way. The electrolyte is characterized in that it operates in the weakly acidic to alkaline pH range.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for aluminum alloy includes the steps of: providing an aluminum alloy substrate containing silicon element; evenly distributing the silicon element in the substrate by solution treating the substrate; removing the silicon element at/near the surface of the substrate by acid treating the substrate; forming a porous aluminum oxide film on the substrate by anodizing the substrate; and staining the aluminum oxide film. An aluminum alloy article treated by the process is also described.

Abstract: An insulating reflective substrate comprises an aluminum layer and an aluminum oxide layer, wherein the aluminum oxide layer has a thickness of 80 ?m or more but up to 300 ?m; the aluminum oxide layer has large pits whose openings are present at a surface; the large pits have an average opening size of more than 1 ?m but up to 30 ?m; the large pits have an average depth of 80 ?m or more; the large pits have an average distance therebetween of 10 ?m or more; a ratio of a total area of the openings of the large pits to a surface area of the aluminum oxide layer is 10% or more but up to 40%; the large pits have small pits whose openings are present at inner surfaces of the large pits; and the small pits have an average opening size of 5 to 1,000 nm.

Abstract: Methods for producing a superhydrophobic anodized surface including anodizing a surface of a substrate in an anodization acid to form a plurality of pores, etching the surface with an etchant to widen an edge of each of the plurality of pores; repeatedly anodizing the surface in the anodization acid and etching the surface with the etchant until the edges of the plurality of pores overlap to form a plurality of nano-sharp ridges, and coating the surface with a hydrophobic polymer to render the surface superhydrophobic, such that the surface exhibits a contact angle of at least 150 degrees with a drop of water. Articles including a surface having a series of nano-sharp pore ridges defined by a series of pores and a sub-?m thick layer of a hydrophobic polymer on said surface.

Abstract: In a method of plating aluminum based articles, an iron-based composite plating bath formed by admixing a nano-sized, particle-deposited carbon material into an iron plating bath at a ratio of 1.0 g per liter is provided. Using the iron-based composite plating bath, an iron-based composite plating layer containing the nano-sized, particle-deposited carbon material is plated on an aluminum-based base material.

Abstract: Copper electroplating liquid which does not use formaldehyde, which is harmful to the environment, and which exhibits excellent via filling ability is offered. The copper electroplating liquid of this invention includes the compound that has the structure of —X—S—Y— where X and Y are each an atom selected from the group of hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms, sulfur atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, and X and Y can be the same only when they are carbon atoms, and a specific urea derivative. When the said copper electroplating liquid is used, deterioration of the appearance will not occur and a good filled via can be formed.

Abstract: Methods of producing one or more biaxially textured layer on a substrate, and articles produced by the methods, are disclosed. As exemplary method may comprise electrodepositing on the substrate a precursor material selected from the group consisting of rare earths, transition metals, actinides, lanthanides, and oxides thereof. An exemplary article may comprise a biaxially textured base material, and at least one biaxially textured layer selected from the group consisting of rare earths, transition metals, actinides, lanthanides, and oxides thereof. The at least one biaxially textured layer is formed by electrodeposition on the biaxially textured base material.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides products (articles) of manufacture comprising nanostructures such as nanotubes having a surface comprising tantalum. In alternative embodiments, products of manufacture of the invention include nanostructures, e.g., nanotubes, nanowire, nanopore, and the like comprising a surface layer of tantalum. In alternative embodiments, products or articles of manufacture of the invention are bioimplants, and the tantalum-surface-coated nanostructures of the invention provide increased bioactivity and bone forming ability. In alternative embodiments, products or articles of manufacture of the invention, e.g., bioimplants, comprising the tantalum-surface-coated nanostructures of the invention are used for in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testing, implants, biomedical devices and therapeutics.

Abstract: Provided is an Al alloy member with an excellent mechanical strength that is sufficient for use in large-scale manufacturing apparatuses. The Al alloy member is characterized in that, in mass %, Mg concentration is 5.0% or less, Ce concentration is 15% or less, Zr concentration is 0.15% or less, the balance comprises Al and unavoidable impurities, the elements of the unavoidable impurities are respectively 0.01% or less, and the Vickers hardness of the Al alloy member is greater than 30.

Abstract: The object of an exemplary embodiment of the invention is to provide a negative electrode having excellent cycle property. An exemplary embodiment of the invention a method for doping and dedoping lithium for the first time after a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising silicon oxide as an active material is produced, comprising doping the lithium within the following current value range (A) and within the following doped amount range (B); current value range (A): a range of a current value in which a doped amount in which only one peak appears at 1 V or less on the V-dQ/dV curve becomes maximum, wherein the V-dQ/dV curve represents a relationship between voltage V of the negative electrode with respect to a lithium reference electrode and dQ/dV that is a ratio of variation dQ of lithium dedoped amount Q in the negative electrode to variation dV of the voltage V, and doped amount range (B): a range of a doped amount in which only one peak appears at 1 V or less on the V-dQ/dV curve.

Abstract: The described embodiments relate generally to cosmetic surfaces and associated treatments to alter a color of cosmetic surfaces. According to one embodiment, cosmetic ink configured to be applied to a cosmetic surface can include a suspension matrix configured to suspend a number of small particles in the suspension matrix. Each of the small particles of the is within a desired overall diameter to cause a user to perceive a desired color due to plasmon resonance of the small particles.

Abstract: Titania is a semiconductor and photocatalyst that is also chemically inert. With its bandgap of 3.2 and greater, to activate the photocatalytic property of titania requires light of about 390 nm wavelength, which is in the ultra-violet, where sunlight is very low in intensity. A method and devices are disclosed wherein stress is induced and managed in a thin film of titania in order to shift and lower the bandgap energy into the longer wavelengths that are more abundant in sunlight. Applications of this stress-induced bandgap-shifted titania photocatalytic surface include photoelectrolysis for production of hydrogen gas from water, photovoltaics for production of electricity, and photocatalysis for detoxification and disinfection.

Abstract: A copper-substitute aluminum material made from a copper and cobalt anodizing process. The process includes the steps of: anodizing the aluminum material by submersing it in a basic sulfuric acid to build an anodic layer producing anodized aluminum material; combining copper and cobalt salts together in one bath; lowering the pH of the bath to between about 1.0 and about 3.0; coloring the anodized aluminum material electrolyticly by submersing the anodized aluminum material in the bath of copper and cobalt salts; and applying an electrical current to the bath plating the copper and cobalt salts into the anodized aluminum material.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and a process for making the article by generating corrosion-, heat- and abrasion-resistant ceramic coatings comprising titanium and/or zirconium dioxide using direct and alternating current on anodes comprising aluminum and/or titanium. Optionally, the article is coated with additional layers, such as paint, after deposition of the ceramic coating.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous composition for semiglossy tin electroplating has a water-soluble tin (II)-containing substance and a surfactant. The surfactant includes a surfactant (A) comprising N,N?,N?-polyoxyethylene-N-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropane. The surfactant (A) the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group that bonds to N ranges from 14 to 18. The weight-average molecular weight of the surfactant (A) ranges from 300 to 1500.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing inorganic and/or organic surfaces comprising organized micro- or nanostructures using colloidal particles in an electric field, to the micro- or nanostructured surfaces obtained by application of this method, as well as to the various applications of these structured surfaces, notably in the field of photonics, catalysis, magnetic storage or biosensors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cationic electrodeposition coating composition comprising: a specific amino group-containing modified epoxy resin (A); a blocked polyisocyanate curing agent (B); a water-soluble zirconium compound (C); and sulfamic acid, wherein the water-soluble zirconium compound (C) is present in an amount of 10 to 10,000 ppm, calculated as the mass of the elemental zirconium, relative to the mass of the cationic electrodeposition coating composition.

Abstract: Generally stated, provided is a sealed laminated metal structure. This laminated metal structure has a metal layer, where the metal layer has a first surface and an opposite second surface. A material is laminated on each of the first and second surfaces of the metal layer. Typically, the laminated metal structure is removed from a larger laminated sheet of metal. The laminated metal structure is subjected to alternating current electrolytic deburring and cleaning to remove any burrs along the perimeter edge. After deburring and cleaning, a sealer, which is a phosphate compound, is deposited on the perimeter edge of the laminated metal structure where the metal is exposed using alternating current.

Abstract: A protective coating for a surface exposed to hot gas flow comprises a thermal layer, a conducting layer and an abrasive layer. The thermal layer comprises alumina having a sufficient amount of impurities to lower the thermal layer thermal conductivity. The layer is formed from a powder having a thermal conductivity no more than 10 BTU in/hr ft2 ° F., and overlies the surface. The conducting layer overlies the thermal layer. The abrasive layer comprises abrasive particles bonded in a metal matrix that is electroplated onto the conducting layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyphenylene ether resin composition, and a prepreg and a copper dad laminate made therefrom. The polyphenylene ether resin composition comprises: (A) functionalized polyphenylene ether resin, (B) crosslinking agent, and (C) initiator; the component (A) functionalized polyphenylene ether resin is polyphenylene ether resin that has a number average molecular weight of 500-5000 and unsaturated double bonds at the molecule terminal; the component (B) crosslinking agent is olefin resin with a number average molecular weight of 500-10000, of which styrene structure comprises 10-50 wt %, and of which the molecule comprises 1,2-addition butadiene structure. The polyphenylene ether resin composition of the present invention is a composition of functionalized polyphenylene ether resin with a low molecular weight. The prepreg and copper clad laminate made from the polyphenylene ether resin composition have good dielectric properties and heat resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolytic copper alloy foil having large mechanical strength in an ordinary state and showing resistant to heat deterioration even when it is heated to 300° C. or more. That electrolytic copper alloy foil, which contains tungsten copper, preferably incorporates tungsten into copper foil as a copper alloy, has a tensile strength at ordinary temperature of 650 MPa, has a tensile strength after heat treatment at 300° C. for 1 hour of 450 MPa or more, and has a conductivity of 80% or more. Further preferably, the electrolytic copper foil has an elongation at ordinary temperature of 2.5% or more and an elongation after treatment at 300° C. for 1 hour of 3.5% or more. The electrolytic copper foil is produced by adding a thiourea compound, tungsten salt, and chloride ions to a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate electrolyte and performing electrolytic deposition.

Abstract: A component made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic is described, consisting of or comprising a matrix material (M) and carbon fibers embedded into the matrix material (M), wherein the component has at least one surface portion (A), having one or a plurality of exposed regions of the carbon fibers, characterized in that the exposed regions(s) of the carbon fibers is or are selectively coated with a layer (S). A process for producing such a component and also an assembly comprising such a component and one or a plurality of further components comprising or consisting of a material such as steel, iron, copper, magnesium or aluminum or alloys thereof are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing micro-super capacitors from C-MEMS structures.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a substrate support for use in a substrate processing chamber. A roughened substrate support reduces arcing within the chamber and also contributes to uniform deposition on the substrate. The roughening can occur in two steps. In a first step, the substrate support is bead blasted to initially roughen the surfaces. Then, the roughened surface is bead blasted with a finer grit to produce a substrate support with a surface roughness of between about 707 micro-inches and about 837 micro-inches. Following the surface roughening, the substrate support is anodized.

Abstract: A substrate of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, titanium alloys and tantalum alloys, modified by anodic spark deposition (ASD) on the surface thereof of a microporous and nanoroughened layer of the oxide of the same metal, said layer being enriched with Ca, P, Si, Na, and at least one metal selected from Ag and Ga. This surface modified metal substrate show excellent osteointegrating properties associated with antibacterial activity. A further advantage resides in that its preparation process does no longer require alkaline etching to promote cellular adhesion.

Abstract: Provided is a metal member including a metal substrate and a covering layer disposed on a surface of the metal substrate, where the covering layer includes a region containing an insulating layer made of an insulating material, and a region containing an electrodeposited layer having a different texture from the insulating layer and formed by electrodeposition coating or electroplating. The metal member is manufactured by an insulating-layer-forming step of forming an insulating layer made of an insulating material on the entire surface of a region of the metal substrate in which the covering layer is to be formed, a removing step of removing a portion of the insulating layer to form an exposed portion of the metal substrate, and an electrodeposited-layer-forming step of applying a paint having a different texture from the insulating layer to the exposed portion by electrodeposition coating or electroplating to form an electrodeposited layer.

Abstract: A method including electrolysis processing using sulfate-based electrolytes includes precipitating sodium sulfate decahydrate from a salt solution and then redissolving sodium sulfate decahydrate to prepare feed of electrolyte solution for the electrolysis processing. Front-end processing may be used to treat mixed salt solutions, including brine solutions. Calcium sulfate reagent may provide a sulfate source to regenerate electrolyte solution following carbon capture, and with carbon dioxide being sequestered in the form of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed articles as results of a microarc oxidation process, or plurality thereof, which are not limited by size, specifically by certain dimensions of their size, such as their length. Different sections or surfaces of articles of the invention may be subjected to a microarc oxidation process at any given time, such as by gradually subjecting a surface of an article to a microarc oxidation process, or such as by sequentially subjecting different sections of an articles to a microarc oxidation process. Furthermore, disclosed are methods for manufacturing of articles of the invention, or otherwise for subjecting articles of the invention to a microarc oxidation process, or plurality thereof. In some examples, tubes of above 6 meter in length may be coated according to methods of the invention. The coating of said tubes may be beneficial for desalination applications. In other examples, only grooves of pulleys are coated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating method by electrocatalyzed chemical grafting of a surface of a substrate with a polymeric layer characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a. a substrate is provided, b. a bath containing at least one polymerizable monomer via a radical route, at least one cleavable aryl salt, at least one reducing agent and at least one solvent is provided, in which a potential difference is applied, c. said substrate is immersed in said bath, d. a grafted polymer is obtained on the surface of said substrate. The invention also relates to a substrate obtained according to the coating method by electrocatalyzed chemical grafting, the surface of which is coated with a polymeric layer.

Abstract: Nanostructures, nanostructure arrays and a method of forming same are provided, wherein the nanostructures comprise ordered, self-organized, anodically formed single nanotubes, multipodal nanotubes or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing silicon-based nanoparticles by electrochemical etching of a substrate, wherein the substrate is a metallurgical-grade or upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon, the substrate including an impurity content greater than 0.01%.

Abstract: A method of producing electrodes for lithium ion batteries including forming the electrodes formed by electro-chemical deposition, from a mixture including particles made of at least one electrochemically active material, a binder and a solvent and/or dispersing agent.

Abstract: Methods of preparing metal and metal alloys with partially microcrystalline anodic coatings are disclosed. Associated article therefrom are correspondingly disclosed. The partially microcrystalline anodic coatings exhibit steam, superheated steam, alkaline and acidic resistance. Partially microcrystalline anodic coating can be prepared by impregnation of micropores of a metal or metal substrate with metal precursor species, conversion of the metal precursor species into metal hydroxides, thermal treatment to dry out moisture and to promote phase transformation of the metal hydroxide product into metal oxides solids and bonding with metastable metal oxide substance in the pore structure of the metal or metal alloy substrate, and hydrothermal sealing to create sealed partially microcrystalline anodic coating.

Abstract: Methods and structures for forming anodization layers that protect and cosmetically enhance metal surfaces are described. In some embodiments, methods involve forming an anodization layer on an underlying metal that permits an underlying metal surface to be viewable. In some embodiments, methods involve forming a first anodization layer and an adjacent second anodization layer on an angled surface, the interface between the two anodization layers being regular and uniform. Described are photomasking techniques and tools for providing sharply defined corners on anodized and texturized patterns on metal surfaces. Also described are techniques and tools for providing anodizing resistant components in the manufacture of electronic devices.

Abstract: An electrolytic copper plating solution is provided which has an excellent via filling ability without using formaldehyde, which is harmful to the environment. An electrolytic copper plating solution which contains compounds which have an —X—S—Y— structure wherein X and Y are individually atoms selected from a group comprising hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms and X and Y can be the same only when they are carbon atoms and specific nitrogen-containing compounds. Good filled vias can be made without causing a worsening of the exterior appearance of the plating by using this electrolytic copper plating solution.

Abstract: Methods and structures for forming anodization layers that protect and cosmetically enhance metal surfaces are described. In some embodiments, methods involve forming an anodization layer on an underlying metal that permits an underlying metal surface to be viewable. In some embodiments, methods involve forming a first anodization layer and an adjacent second anodization layer on an angled surface, the interface between the two anodization layers being regular and uniform. Described are photomasking techniques and tools for providing sharply defined corners on anodized and texturized patterns on metal surfaces. Also described are techniques and tools for providing anodizing resistant components in the manufacture of electronic devices.

Abstract: A surface treatment method improves the surface properties of a metal member while maintaining the metal surface texture, and a metal member is obtained by the surface treatment method. The surface-treated metal member is obtained by bringing a solution of a fluorine-based polymer into contact with a surface of an anodic oxidation coating that is formed on a surface of a metal and has not been subjected to a sealing treatment, and subjecting the anodic oxidation coating to a steam sealing treatment, the surface-treated metal member comprising a fluorine-based polymer layer having a thickness of 100 nm or less, and a composite sealed layer that is formed continuously under the fluorine-based polymer layer, the composite sealed layer having a configuration in which the fluorine-based polymer is present inside pores formed in the anodic oxidation coating.

Abstract: A stainless steel for use in a fuel cell separator is produced by subjecting stainless steel containing 16 mass % or more of Cr to electrolytic treatment and thereafter to immersion treatment in a solution containing fluorine. The electrolytic treatment is carried out by anodic electrolyzation or by a combination of anodic electrolyzation and cathodic electrolyzation, and an anodic electrolytic quantity Qa and a cathodic electrolytic quantity Qc preferably satisfy Qa?Qc. The solution containing fluorine preferably has a temperature of 40° C. or higher, and hydrofluoric acid concentration [HF] (mass %) and nitric acid concentration [HNO3] (mass %) satisfying [HF]?0.8×[HNO3].

Abstract: A method of forming an interference film on an aluminum alloy substrate includes the following steps: providing an aluminum alloy substrate; cleaning the aluminum alloy substrate through a pre-treatment process; performing an anodic treatment on the aluminum alloy substrate for a predetermined amount of time till an oxidized film having a plurality of cellular tubes is formed on the surface thereof; expanding the holes of the oxidized membrane of the aluminum alloy substrate with an acidic solution to enlarge the diameter of the cellular tubes; enlarging the bottom of the cellular tubes to form a deposition area through an electrical enlarging process; depositing a metal material on the deposition area of the cellular tubes to form an interference structure; sealing the cellular tubes with a sealing agent; and removing dirt. Furthermore, an interference film structure is formed on the aluminum alloy substrate using the aforementioned method.

Abstract: Provided are a CNT plating metal composite with high conductivity and wherein metal plating is plated onto the inside of a high-density CNT aggregate, and a production method for same. Also provided is a method for patterning the CNT plating metal composite. A CNT metal composite is provided including a CNT aggregate formed by adhering a metal onto a plurality of CNTs, wherein when an X-ray diffraction analysis is performed using a Cu-K? ray as a radiation source, an intensity ratio between a peak having the greatest intensity belonging to the metal and a peak having the greatest intensity belonging to an oxide of the metal is 10 or more and the volume resistance is 2×10?6 ?cm or more and 5×10?3 ?cm or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stage method for the anti-corrosive pretreatment of tinplate, in which an anti-corrosive primer coating is already applied in a first step, said primer coating effectively preventing the shiny metal surface of the pretreated tinplate from turning black when the pretreated tinplate of the invention that is provided with a coating lacquer is in contact with liquids containing or releasing sulfur compounds and with food containing protein. In the disclosed method, the tinplate is anodically polarized in an electrolyte containing at least one inert water-soluble salt and is then brought in contact with an acidic aqueous composition containing water-soluble inorganic compounds of the elements Zr, Ti, Hf, and/or Si. Tinplate pretreated according to the invention can be used in particular for the production of food-safe packaging such as beverage cans or tin cans.

Abstract: Formation of an article having capped nano-pillars is provided for herein, the article including a substrate with a nano-structure array formed thereon, the nano-structure array including a plurality of nano-pillars having stem portions of a first thickness and cap portions of a second thickness, different than the first thickness.

Abstract: A method includes (a) contacting at least a portion of a substrate material with a solution comprising a source of copper, wherein the solution is essentially free of a source of a group IIIB metal and a source of a group IVB metal; and (b) after step (a), contacting at least a portion of the substrate with an electrodepositable coating composition comprising (i) a film-forming resin and (ii) a source of yttrium.