Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a laminated coating film structure having a laminated coating film that renders a specific color on a coated object, wherein the laminated coating film is provided with a first layer arranged on the side close to the coated object and containing a pigment in which the mean particle diameter is ½ or more the wavelength of the specific color but 2 um or less, and a second layer arranged on the side far from the coated object and containing a pigment in which the mean particle diameter is 0.05 um or more but less than ½ the wavelength of the specific color.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a bath for surface treatment capable of forming a surface-treating film having excellent corrosion resistance by a high-speed electrolytic treatment, and a method of producing a surface-treated steel plate having excellent corrosion resistance and closely adhering property to the coating maintaining good productivity. [Means for Solution] A bath for surface treatment used for forming a surface-treating film on the surface of a steel plate by cathodic electrolysis, the bath for surface treatment containing Zr and/or Ti, and a polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A housing includes a metal substrate having an outer surface and a color layer formed on the outer surface. The outer surface has a gradient surface roughness across at least one dimension of the outer surface. The color layer has a surface appearance corresponding with the outer surface, thereby the brightness of color of the color layer gradually changing with the location on the outer surface. A method for making the housing is also provided.

Abstract: A metal part is surface treated using anodization and plating processes to produce different finishes on selective regions of the metal part. The different finishes can contrast in decorative appearance (such as color, shininess and texture) and structural properties (such as wear resistance).

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymerization fluid for electropolymerization which exhibits a reduced environmental burden and excellent economic efficiency and which can yield a conductive polymer film that has high conductivity and that is dense and highly transparent. The polymerization fluid includes at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes which is dispersed as oil drops in surfactant-free water, and the polymerization fluid is transparent.

Abstract: A printing form precursor comprises a printing surface which comprises an anodic layer which is hydrophobic and capable of being made hydrophilic by fast laser pulses but capable of becoming hydrophobic again, preferably for re-use, if desired. These changes are influenced by thickness of the anodic layer, and by alloying elements in the anodic layer. Benefit is gained also from using a darkly coloured anodic layer and by permitting the change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic to take place in a carbonaceous or siliceous atmosphere. By such means the invention achieves the goal of providing a printing form precursor which does not need a chemical developer, and which can be used multiple times, to print different images.

Abstract: Anodized electroplated aluminum structures and methods for making the same are disclosed. Cosmetic structures according to embodiments of the invention are provided by electroplating a non-cosmetic structure with aluminum and then anodizing the electroplated aluminum. This produces cosmetic structures that may possess desired structural and cosmetic properties and that may be suitable for use as housing or support members of electronic devices.

Abstract: A method to treat a surface of an oxide coated metal substrate. The method comprises providing a metal substrate having an oxide layer, sealing said oxide layer, and cooling said metal substrate to a temperature of ?300° F. or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electroforming master comprises a patterns of protrusions and recesses formed on one major surface of an Si substrate having two major surfaces, corresponding to information for positioning of a read/write head (a preamble, address, and burst), recording tracks or recording bits. Impurity ions are doped in the surface of this patterns of protrusions and recesses. The impurity ion concentration distribution in the film thickness direction of the Si substrate has a peak in a portion from the patterns of protrusions and recesses surface to a depth of 40 nm in the film thickness direction. The impurity concentration of this peak is 1×1020 to 2×1021 ions/cm3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a crystalline metal oxide having a positive charge-induced region and a negative charge-induced region, which has a surface which has protrusions and recesses or a porous surface. The metal which configures the metal oxide is preferably an elemental metal or an elemental metal-containing alloy such as titanium, zirconium, titanium alloy, zirconium alloy or cobalt chromium alloy. The metal oxide is preferably one obtained by an anodic oxidation treatment of the metal which configures the metal oxide and the metal oxide can be suitably used as a biocompatible material or a member constituting a biocompatible material.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to an oxidized metal matrix composite coated substrate, comprising a substrate made of a material selected from the group consisting of a chromia-forming Fe, Ni and/or Co based alloy containing an amount of Cr ranging from 16 to 30 wt %, and an oxide-dispersion strengthened Cr-based alloy and a plain Cr-based alloy, and an oxidized metal matrix composite coating comprising at least two metals and reactive element oxide particles in the form of a tri-layer scale on the substrate surface comprising an inner chromia layer, an intermediate layer of a spinel solid solution formed by Cr and one or more of the deposited metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn and a mixture thereof, and an electrically conductive top layer comprising oxides of one or more deposited metals selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and a mixture thereof, which is substantially free from Cr ions, and wherein one or more of such layers contain particles of

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a conductive film with excellent transparency and conductivity by a simple method suitable for large-area production. A method for producing a conductive film comprising a step of placing a template (B), having openings in a mesh structure running from the side that is to contact a substrate (A) through to the back side, on the surface of the substrate (A), and spreading a dispersion (D) of conductive particles (P) on the surface of the substrate (A) on which the template (B) has been placed, and drying it, thereby forming a mesh-like structure (C) of the conductive particles (P) near the points of contact between the substrate (A) and the template (B), and then removing the template (B) from the substrate (A) to form a mesh-like structure (C) of the conductive particles (P) on the surface of the substrate (A).

Abstract: Electrochemical nitridation of metals and the produced metals are disclosed. An exemplary method of electrochemical nitridation of metals comprises providing an electrochemical solution at low temperature. The method also comprises providing a three-electrode potentiostat system. The method also comprises stabilizing the three-electrode potentiostat system at open circuit potential. The method also comprises applying a cathodic potential to a metal.

Abstract: Frost-free surfaces and methods for manufacturing such surfaces are described. The frost-free surfaces reduce ice build-up, prevent vapor condensation and reduce adhesion force between ice and a solid substrate. The surfaces can be on parts used in devices where superhydrophobic properties may be obtained post or during device manufacturing. The superhydrophobic properties are the result of aluminum oxide clusters made on such surfaces.

Abstract: A structured chromium solids particles layer with a network of cracks in which solids particles are embedded, wherein the crack density is 10-250 per mm, the particle size of the solids particles lies in the range of from 0.01-10 ?m, the proportion of solids particles in the overall layer is 1-30 vol.-% and the chromium solids particles layer has a microstructure with depressions in the surface of the layer, wherein the proportion of the surface area accounted for by the depressions is 5-80%. A method for producing the structured chromium solids particles layer on a workpiece includes introducing the workpiece into an electrolyte containing a Cr(VI) compound and electrolytically depositing a chromium layer at a current density of 20-100 A/dm2 and a current yield of 12% or less and then reversing the current direction wherein the solid particles are embedded within the network of cracks.

Abstract: Provided is a method for readily removing urethane resin without causing oxidation of aluminum, from an aluminum structure in which an aluminum film is formed on the surface of a urethane resin porous body having a three-dimensional network structure: a method for producing an aluminum porous body, including forming an aluminum film having a purity of 99.9% by mass or more on a surface of a urethane resin porous body having a three-dimensional network structure to provide an aluminum structure including the urethane resin porous body and the aluminum film, and subjecting the aluminum structure to a heat treatment at 370° C. or more and less than 660° C. in the air to remove urethane resin and to provide an aluminum porous body.

Abstract: Functionalized membranes for use in applications, such as electrodeionization, can be prepared simply and efficiently by contacting a conductive carbon nanotube and polymer membrane with a solution containing at least one electrochemically active and functional compound under conditions suitable for electrochemically depositing the electrochemically active and function compound on a surface of the membrane.

Abstract: A single crystal of zinc oxide which is c-axis oriented with use of electrolytic deposition method is formed on an amorphous carbon layer, after the amorphous carbon layer is provided on an inexpensive graphite substrate. The amorphous carbon layer is provided by oxidizing the surface of the graphite substrate.

Abstract: A card guide may include an aluminum substrate and a hard anodized coating formed on the aluminum substrate. In some examples, the hard anodized coating may have an electrical resistance of greater than about 100,000,000 ohms. Additionally or alternatively, the hard anodized coating may have a thickness of greater than about 38.1 ?m (0.015 inch).

Abstract: The present invention provides an aluminum alloy component having an anodic oxide film less causing cracks and high in surface smoothness, which is capable of reducing abrasion of a cutting tool regardless of the excellent machinability. The aluminum alloy component (1) has an anodic oxide film formed on a surface of a base metal of an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy consists of Fe: 0.5 to 2 mass %, Cu: 0.35 to 0.6 mass %, Mg: 0.35 to 1.3 mass %, Si: 0.2 to 1.3 mass %, Cr: 0.005 to 0.3 mass %, Mn: 0.01 to 0.3 mass %, Ti: 0.005 to 0.1 mass %, and the balance being inevitable impurities, wherein Zn is controlled to be less than 0.25 mass %, and wherein Al—Fe series crystals and Al—Fe—Si series crystals having a maximum grain diameter of 30 ?m or less exist in the anodic oxide film in a dispersed manner with an average center-to-center distance of 10 to 100 ?m, and a percentage of a total occupied area of the Al—Fe series crystals and Al—Fe—Si series crystals in the anodic oxide film is 5% or more.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optical or electromechanical structural component, in particular LED, connector or also stamped grid, or sliding element, consisting of a rolled metal substrate of a metal strip or a sheet produced therefrom and made of Cu or a Cu alloy strip, Al or an Al alloy strip, Fe or a Fe alloy strip, Ti or a Ti alloy strip, Ni or a Ni alloy strip or a stainless steel strip, which has a specially structured surface. The structure of the surface allows joining using optical methods even in the case of highly reflective surface coatings and simultaneously improves the functional properties of the components used.

Abstract: A plating film is provided with enough hardness before anodic oxidation, which is hard to be damaged during handling, and also the production method of the plating film. This problem can be solved by an aluminum plating film with aluminum concentration of 98 wt. % or lower, and with a Vickers hardness of 250 or higher. The hardness is increased by containing oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and a halogen element as impurities. The impurity concentration is controlled by adjusting the current density, the plating temperature, or the plating bath composition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a method for preparing crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The method includes the steps of providing an electrolyte solution in contact with a conductive surface, and applying a current or potential to the conductive surface in contact with the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution includes a protonated organic ligand, a metal ion, and a probase. Application of the reductive current or potential to the conductive surface produces the crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) deposited on the conductive surface. The MOFs produced by the method may be incorporated into a gas separation membrane, a purification filter, and/or a sensor.

Abstract: A method of improving the material properties of a composite by electrodepositing various polymers, organic compounds or inorganic compounds onto each individual carbon (graphite) fiber strand, whether individual fiber or as a fabric to form an homogeneous chemically-bonded composite as opposed to the formation of a heterogeneous, non-chemically bonded composite. Thus, electrodeposition forms a unique discrete interface at the molecular layer (nanolayer) between the reinforcement (fiber) and the matrix (resin) over as opposed to any previous resin infusion process.

Abstract: A surface of a porous resin body having a three-dimensional network structure can be plated with aluminum at a uniform thickness and thus a high-purity aluminum structure is formed. A method for producing an aluminum structure includes a step of plating a resin porous body, which has a three-dimensional network structure and has a surface that has been made electrically conductive, with aluminum in a molten-salt bath, in which the molten salt is a salt mixture of aluminum chloride and an organic salt and plating is conducted while controlling the temperature of the molten-salt bath to be 45° C. or higher and 100° C. or lower. Preferably, the molten-salt bath further contains 1,10-phenanthroline at a concentration of 0.25 g/l or more and 7 g/l or less.

Abstract: To provide a heat sink material that not only is excellent in heat sink properties, but also allows molded articles of various shapes made of a variety of materials to be used as a base substrate of the heat sink material. The heat sink material is also excellent in durability when in use as a heat sink material and can be thinned, and can be conveniently utilized for semiconductor devices, particularly for cell phones, personal computers and the like. The heat sink material includes a composite electroplated film having a plated metal film as a matrix wherein diamond particles are co-deposited in the matrix in such a way that a co-deposition amount of the particles gradually changes in a thickness direction of the plated metal film.

Abstract: A method for making a metallic cover including the following steps. Drawing an aluminum alloy sheet that has a yield strength in a range from about 80 MPa to about 150 MPa, an elongation ratio in a range from about 15% to about 28%, and a hardness in a range from about 45 HV0.2 to about 70 HV0.2 to form a preformed cover. The preformed cover includes a bottom base and a plurality of side walls, and each of the side wall and the bottom base are connected by a curved-cornered edge. Pressing the curved-cornered edge of the preformed cover into a sharp-cornered edge structure by a forming die. Polishing the preformed cover. Anodizing the polished preformed cover to form the metallic cover.

Abstract: A composite material including a carrier g of aluminum, an optically effective multi-layer system applied to a side (A) of the carrier. The system having at least 2 dielectric and/or oxidic layers, namely an upper layer and a lower, light-absorbing layer. The lower, light-absorbing layer contains a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAlqOx and/or a titanium-aluminum makes nitride TiAlqNy and/or a titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride TiAlqOxNy, while the upper layer is an oxidic layer made of titanium, silicon or tin of the chemical composition TiOz, SiOw, or SnOv, where the indices q, v, w, y and z each denote a stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric ratio.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a coating on the surface of a substrate by plasma-electrolytic oxidation. Improved corrosion protection for lightweight metals, in particular for magnesium or magnesium alloys, is achieved by the process. Furthermore, biocompatible protective layers can also be produced on these materials, with the option of controlling degradation of the substrate. The layers are amorphous. They are produced by plasma-electrolytic oxidation in which the substrate is dipped as electrode together with a counterelectrode into an electrolyte liquid and a sufficient electric potential for generating spark discharges at the surface of the substrate is applied, wherein the electrolyte comprises clay particles dispersed therein. Substrates can therefore be any machine components, automobile components, railroad components, aircraft components, ships' components, etc.

Abstract: Novel coatings are disclosed prepared from electropolymerization of electropolymerizable monomers-analyte complexes onto a conducting layer or non-conducting of a substrate, where the analyte is removed by electrochemically mediated washing permitting linear molecular sensing of the analyte over a wide concentration range. The coating may also include templating particles deposited on the electrode substrate prior to electropolymerization, where the particles can be removed to form a submicron structured coating. Methods for making and using the coatings are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an insulating substrate which includes an aluminum substrate and an anodized film covering a whole surface of the aluminum substrate and in which the anodized film contains intermetallic compound particles with a circle equivalent diameter of 1 ?m or more in an amount of up to 2,000 pcs/mm3. Also provided is a method for manufacturing the insulating substrate which includes an anodizing treatment step for anodizing the aluminum substrate. The anodized film of the insulating substrate covering the whole surface of the aluminum substrate contains intermetallic compound particles with a circle equivalent diameter of 1 ?m or more in an amount of up to 2,000 pcs/mm3.

Abstract: A metal oxide film suitable for protection of metals, composed mainly of aluminum. A metal oxide film includes a film of an oxide of a metal composed mainly of aluminum, having a thickness of 10 nm or greater, and exhibiting a moisture release rate from the film of 1E18 mol./cm2 or less. Further, there is provided a process for producing a metal oxide film, wherein a metal composed mainly of aluminum is subjected to anodic oxidation in a chemical solution of 4 to 10 pH value so as to obtain a metal oxide film.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for electrolytically coating an article. The method includes providing an article to be coated and disposing the article in an electrolytic cell. The cell includes an anode, a cathode in operable communication with the article, and an electrolyte bath. During electrolysis, the electrolyte bath comprises cobalt ions, phosphorous acid, and tribological particles selected from the group consisting of refractory materials, solid lubricants and mixtures thereof dispersed therein. The method further includes applying steady direct electric current through the anode, the electrolyte bath and the cathode to coat the article with cobalt, phosphorous and the tribological particles. An improved composition of matter is also provided that may be used as a coating, or the composition may be electroformed on a mandrel to form an article made from the composition of matter.

Abstract: A coated article includes a substrate including a porous surface and an anodic oxidation film. The porous surface defines a plurality of nanopores. The anodic oxidation film is formed on the substrate covering the porous surface by anodic oxidation process. The anodic oxidation film has a plurality of bonding protrusions, and each bonding protrusion is retained in one of the nanopores to improve a binding force between the substrate and the anodic oxidation film.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for metal-coating a polyamide surface, to achieve metal-polyamide adhesion, and such metal-coated polyamide articles.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes functionally graded coatings and claddings for corrosion and high temperature protection.

Abstract: In one embodiment, there is provided a composite plating liquid. The composite plating liquid includes: a plating metal salt; a sulfate of at least one element selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; boric acid; a carbon nanotube; and a dispersant. Also, there is provided a plating method of plating a member using the composite plating liquid, and a composite plating film formed by the plating method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an electrodeposited metal oxide coating for a supercapacitor electrode. The present invention relates to the chronoamperometric electrodeposition of the metal oxide over a period from a few seconds, up to about 30 seconds leading to superior performance as a result of an increased surface area of the deposit. According to the present invention, the capacitances achieved are typically greater than 1300 F/g, and in some instances, over 4000 F/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composed of a metallic coating material, for a cast-in component composed of a metallic material. It is provided, according to the invention, that the coating consists of galvanically applied nickel. The present invention furthermore relates to a cast-in component composed of a metallic material that is coated on at least part of its surface with a coating composed of a metallic coating material, wherein a coating in the form of a galvanically applied nickel layer is provided.

Abstract: An anodized aluminum sheet, which is heat sealed and coated with an antimicrobial composition. The antimicrobial coating may be bound to the surface of the anodic layer and can comprise a network of cross-linked organo-silane molecules that are also covalently bound to the surface of the anodic layer. A process also is provided including: forming an anodic layer on the surface of an aluminum substrate; heat sealing the anodic layer; preheating the sheet; applying an antimicrobial composition at an application rate sufficient for the composition to at least begin binding to the surface of and form an antimicrobial coating over the anodic layer; and post heating the coated anodized antimicrobial sheet to further bind the composition to cure the antimicrobial coating. Optionally, the heat sealed anodic layer can be etched to create a bonding layer to which the antimicrobial composition strongly bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified tungsten oxide having an atomic concentration of 0.5 to 7.0%, preferably from 2.0 to 5.0%, of nitrogen atoms in lattice position, with respect to the total number of atoms of the oxide, having a surface morphology, detectable by means of a scanning electron microscope, characterized by nanostructures in the form of vermiform or branched open swellings, preferably having a length ranging from 200 to 2,000 nm, and a width ranging from 50 to 300 nm, having an appearance similar to Rice Krispies. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the above oxide by the anodization of metallic tungsten, and also a photoanode comprising the above oxide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ceramic electronic component includes the steps of preparing a ceramic body including a plurality of first internal electrodes and a plurality of second internal electrodes, processing the ceramic body to an internal electrode exposure rate of about 102% to about 153%, and plating the processed ceramic body to form a plated layer thereon.

Abstract: A substrate capable of producing 3D pattern having colored dazzle light effect and a method of producing pattern and fabricating finished product are provided, in which plastic foaming sheet is selected as base material and reflection film having its surface electroplated is overlaid thereon. Then, embossing process is conducted to form concave-convex veins, and finally printing is conducted to form a print-layer thereon, so that the surface of the substrate possesses a 3D pattern having colored dazzle light effect. This substrate can be utilized in products as container, tray, eyeglass frame or watchstrap.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet for a container, comprising: a steel sheet, and a Zr compound film disposed on the steel sheet, wherein the Zr compound film being formed by a dipping or electrolytic treatment in a solution containing Zr ion, F ion, ammonium ion and nitrate ion; and the coating weight of the Zr compound film is 1 to 100 mg/m2 in terms of the amount of metallic Zr, and 0.1 mg/m2 or less in terms of the F amount. There is provided a steel sheet for container, which has an excellent processability in the can manufacturing, and at the same time, is excellent in drawing and ironing processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, adherence thereof to a coating material and adherence thereof to a film, and a process for producing such a steel sheet for container.

Abstract: A device which is suitable for electrochemically processing an object comprises at least an electrolyte-containing chamber, means for supporting the object to be processed in the chamber, a counter electrode disposed in the chamber as well as means for applying an electrical potential difference between the object to be processed and the counter electrode. The device furthermore comprises at least one holder and at least one rod-shaped coelectrode supported by the holder, which rod-shaped coelectrode extends towards the object and which in use has a polarity opposite that of the counter electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical machining (ECM) of conductive materials and can be used for manufacturing stamps, mould tools and other workpieces of complex shape at the finishing stage of the machining process. Method for electrochemical machining with an oscillating machining electrode comprises the step of applying rectangular microsecond current pulses synchronized with the moment when a machining electrode and workpiece electrode are moved to a minimum distance towards each other. During the machining process, the amplitude of current pulses is increased and the pulse duration is adjusted in such a manner that the trailing edge of each pulse corresponds to the moment of maximum electrical conductivity of the interelectrode gap, the amplitude being increased until a predetermined roughness of the surface to be machined is achieved.

Abstract: A device for simultaneous coating of a plurality of workpieces is described, the plurality of workpieces being situated in a shared flow shaft through which an electrolyte flows, and each workpiece being connected electrically conducting to at least one component electrode and being electrically insulated in relation to at least one bath electrode, and a plurality of flow channels and a flow distributor for distributing the electrolyte stream to the plurality of flow channels further being situated in the flow shaft, the at least one bath electrode being situated in one of the flow channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an improved electrocoating coating composition wherein the improvement is the addition of a non-water reducible anticrater agent. The non-water reducible anticrater agent is a polyester that is the reaction product of an aliphatic carboxylic acid anhydride, a monofunctional epoxy compound, a monofunctional alcohol and a polyepoxide. The improved electrocoating composition provides cured coatings that have fewer craters and have a smooth surface when compared to coatings utilizing other anticrater additives.

Abstract: There is described an open cell porous structure the cells of which are optionally filled with an elastomeric or thermosetting plastic comprising a nanocrystalline metallic or nanocrystalline metal matrix composite coating wherein the nanocrystals have a crystallite size of from about 5 nm to about 150 nm. A process for preparing the coated open cell porous structures is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a copper anode or a phosphorous-containing copper anode for use in performing electroplating copper on a semiconductor wafer, wherein purity of the copper anode or the phosphorous-containing copper anode excluding phosphorous is 99.99 wt % or higher, and silicon as an impurity is 10 wtppm or less. Additionally provided is an electroplating copper method capable of effectively preventing the adhesion of particles on a plating object, particularly onto a semiconductor wafer during electroplating copper, a phosphorous-containing copper anode for use in such electroplating copper, and a semiconductor wafer comprising a copper layer with low particle adhesion formed by the foregoing copper electroplating.