Abstract: A cell for use in an electrolysis unit includes a back wall, a side wall extending upwardly from and around a periphery of the back wall to define an inner region of the cell, an electrode disposed on the back wall within the inner region to divide at least a portion of the inner region into first and second regions is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling the pH of a solution using electrolysis in a microfluidic device comprising an electrolysis device including an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and a partition membrane between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, wherein the anode chamber includes an inlet and an outlet through which an anode chamber solution enters and is discharged from the anode chamber, respectively, and an electrode, and the cathode chamber includes an inlet and an outlet through which a cathode chamber solution enters and is discharged from the cathode chamber, respectively, and an electrode.

Abstract: Process for production of hydrogen of high purity by photoelectrochemical means with low energy consumption. The process is carried out in an electrochemical cell which comprises at least one anodic chamber with an anode and at least one cathodic chamber with a cathode, in which the two chambers are separated by an ion-exchange membrane, where: i) the anodic chamber contains an aqueous anodic solution which comprises the Fe2+ion, and the aqueous solution is adjusted to a pH less than or equal to 5; ii) a sacrificial substance is added to the anodic chamber; iii) the anodic solution is irradiated with ultraviolet light and/or visible light; iv) the cathodic chamber contains an aqueous cathodic solution which has a proton concentration equal to or higher than 10?3 M; and v) electric current is fed between the anodic chamber and the cathodic chamber separated by the membrane, this membrane being a proton-selective ion-exchange membrane impermeable to the iron and impermeable to the sacrificial substance.

Abstract: These inventions related to systems and methods for producing, shipping, distributing, and storing hydrogen. In one embodiment, a hydrogen production and storage system includes a plurality of wind turbines for generating electrical power; a power distribution control system for distributing, and converting the electrical power from the wind turbines, a water desalination and/or purification unit which receives and purifies seawater, and an electrolyzer unit that receive electrical power from the power distribution system and purified water from the desalination units and thereby converts the water into hydrogen and oxygen. After its production, hydrogen is stored, transported, and distributed in accordance with various embodiments.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water photolysis system comprising: a casing 1 into which incident sunlight L can enter from the outside and a photolytic layer 5 which is disposed inside the casing 1; wherein the photolytic layer 5 has a light-transmissive porous material 51 and photocatalyst particles 52 supported thereon; a water layer 4 containing water in its liquid state is disposed below the photolytic layer 5 with a first space 6 disposed between the water layer and the photolytic layer; a sealed second space 7 is formed above the photolytic layer 5 in the casing 1; vapor generated from the water layer 4 is introduced into the photolytic layer 5 via the first space 6; and the vapor is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by the photocatalyst particles 52, which are excited by the sunlight L.

Abstract: An electrolysis apparatus for water is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an enclosure, a first electrode disposed within the enclosure, a second electrode disposed within the enclosure, and at least one electromagnetic energy radiator disposed within the enclosure. The apparatus further comprises a power source disposed external to the enclosure, where that power source is interconnected with the first electrode such that the first electrode comprises a cathode, and where the power source is interconnected with the second electrode such that the second electrode comprises an anode. The apparatus further comprises at least one oscillator disposed external to the enclosure, where each oscillator is interconnected to a different electromagnetic energy radiator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing hydrogen comprising: contacting steam (20) with a proton conducting membrane (7) supported on a porous redox stable substrate (8), through said substrate (8). The membrane (7) is non-permeable to molecular gas and to oxide ions. A DC voltage is applied across an anode (15) coupled to the substrate side of the membrane and a cathode (9, 11) coupled to its other side so as to dissociate at least part of the steam (20), into protonic hydrogen and oxygen at said anode (15). The protonic hydrogen passes through the membrane and forms molecular hydrogen (23) at the cathode (9, 11).

Abstract: An array of photovoltaic (PV) module(s) is arranged in series and/or parallel electrical connection to deliver direct current electrical power to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The electric power is delivered by the array at its maximum power point (Vmpp) to deliver Ioper at Voper for the electrolyzer. The arrangement of the PV modules in the array, or the arrangement of cells in the electrolyzer, is continually monitored and controlled by an automatic controller system to operate the PV and electrolyzer systems at or near their respective maximum efficiencies. A DC-DC converter may be used to adjust the Vmpp to the operating voltage of the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A system for controlling electrolyte level and concentration within a water electrolyzer includes an electrolysis chamber containing electrolyte for production of hydrogen and oxygen, a water reservoir containing make-up water and separated from the electrolysis chamber through a check valve that opens only when electrolyte level drops to a predetermined level, and a gas lift pump within the water reservoir connected to the electrolysis chamber through the check valve and having electrodes immersed in the make-up water. Energization of the electrodes creates bubbles that transport the make-up water to the electrolysis chamber to maintain a desired concentration of the electrolyte during the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode endplates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the endplates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

Abstract: A method for optimizing the efficiency of a solar powered hydrogen generation system is disclosed. The system utilizes photovoltaic modules and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to split water into hydrogen and oxygen with an efficiency greater than 12%. This high efficiency for the solar powered electrolysis of water was obtained by matching the voltage generated by photovoltaic modules to the operating voltage of the electrolyzer. Optimizing PV-electrolysis systems makes solar generated hydrogen less expensive and more practical for use as an environmentally clean and renewable fuel.

Abstract: The invention discloses an on demand hydrogen production unit and a method for the production of hydrogen from water by electrolysis. A container, defining a first portion for holding a plurality of parallel and plate like anodes and a second portion for holding a plurality of parallel and plate like cathodes. A cover is provided with an outlet and an attached duct for oxygen, wherein the duct for oxygen leads to the environment. The cover for the second portion is provided with an outlet and an attached duct for hydrogen, wherein the duct for hydrogen leads to an energy user or an internal combustion engine. An inlet to the container provides water from a reservoir, so that the level of water is maintained at a constant level within the container.

Abstract: A method of performing an electrochemical reaction in an electrochemical cell comprising electrodes separated by a hydrophilic ion-exchange membrane, comprises conducting the reaction in the presence of an aqueous solution of an electrolyte of which the concentration is controlled.

Abstract: A mediated electrochemical oxidation process and apparatus are used to process biological and organic materials to provide hydrogen and oxygen for use as fuel in numerous types of equipment. Waste materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically by anodic oxidation at the anode of an electrochemical cell. The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized and the redox cycle continues until all oxidizable waste species have undergone the desired degree of oxidation. The entire process takes place at temperatures to avoid any possible formation of either dioxins or furans. The oxidation process may be enhanced by the addition of ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus provides for a method of converting solar energy into a synthetic carbon fuel. Solar energy is separated into different spectral portions and each spectral portion is directed to a plurality of photocells tuned for that specific spectral portion. The photocells convert the solar energy into electrical energy which is used to produce hydrogen gas through the process of electrolysis. The hydrogen gas is then mixed with carbon and various catalysts in order to cause a reaction which produces methane or other useful carbon based fuels. A cooling system filled with coolant oil keeps the photocells at a reasonable temperature while simultaneously providing the heat necessary for the chemical reactions that produce the synthetic fuel to take place. Carbon may be supplied to the apparatus by directing CO2 exhaust or output of a carbon producing power generator such as a coal-fired power plant directly into the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating hydrogen. The hydrogen generator includes a cylindrical body and two end plates defining a cavity therein. A plurality of elements are disposed within the cavity including an outer and inner gaskets, an outer and inner electrodes, and a proton exchange membrane. A bladder inflated within the cavity compresses the elements together and into firm contact with the inner wall of the body. A plurality of elongated bolts compresses the end plates against the ends of the cylindrical body. The hydrogen generator includes a water inlet port, an oxygen and water outlet port, and a hydrogen port extending. Connecting a DC voltage across the electrodes and pumping distilled water into the water inlet port produces hydrogen gas that can be used to fuel an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of electrolysing water, using a water electrolyser having cathode and anode compartments respectively on either side of a hydrophilic polymer cation-exchange membrane, the method comprising: (i) adding water to the anode compartment only, such that the cathode compartment is predominantly free of water in liquid form; (ii) electrolysing the water to form hydrogen gas in the cathode compartment and oxygen gas in the anode compartment; and (iii) re-circulating the hydrogen gas through the cathode compartment.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments include a method or apparatus for improving the electrolysis efficiency of high-pressure electrolysis cells by decreasing the current density at the anode and reducing an overvoltage at the anode while decreasing the amount of hydrogen permeation through the cell membrane from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber as the high-pressure electrolysis cell is operated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis installation for decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen, comprising: an electrolysis stack (5); a water recirculation system supplying water to the stack, the recirculation system comprising a circuit (11, 13) and a recirculation pump (15), a first and a second separator (7, 9) for separating from the water the hydrogen and the oxygen respectively produced in the stack (5); a hydraulic supply means which supply the recirculation circuit (11, 13) with deionised water so as to compensate for the water consumed by the production of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, and an extinguishing means for inertising the first and second separators (7, 9) when the installation is shut down, characterised by extinguishing means which comprise a first and a second relief valve (36, 23) provided on the first and second separators (7, 9) respectively, the valves being provided to relieve the pressure in the two separators simultaneously while keeping the water level inside the two separa

Abstract: A self-sustaining, fully automated, hydrogen generator that utilizes the ocean's currents, tides, and water to produce vast amounts of hydrogen and oxygen. Additional electricity may be supplied by locally generated means including offshore wind, offshore geothermal, as well as wave powered generation. Hydrogen is exported as well as the oxygen not consumed by the life support systems. Residue collected from the ocean water purification process is collected and exported for use elsewhere or dispersed locally around the underwater facility. Systems orchestration is achieved by control systems that operate independently of one another with no single point of failure.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing hydrogen and oxygen from salt water, using an electrolyser having first and second electrode compartments respectively on each side of a hydrophilic ion-exchange membrane, the method comprising adding salt water to one or both of the electrode compartments, and electrolysing the salt water. The present invention is also a method of producing a biologically active solution using an electrolyser as defined above, the method comprising adding salt water to one or both of the electrode compartments, and electrolysing the salt water. Further, the present invention is a method for reducing the salt content of salt water using an electrolyser as defined above, the method comprising adding salt water to one or both electrode compartments, and electrolysing the salt water.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a fuel additive comprises a canister having an inlet and an outlet. An electrode may be concentrically aligned within the canister and project from the canister. A plurality of electrode plates may be included, the plates generally concentric to the electrode. A plurality of insulation layers may also be included, wherein each insulation layer may be disposed between the plates. The apparatus may also include a transparent column externally mounted to the canister. A ball may be disposed in the sleeve.

Abstract: A water electrolysis apparatus applies an electrolysis voltage between current collectors disposed on the respective sides of an electrolyte membrane thereby to electrolyze water to generate oxygen in an anode electrolysis chamber and hydrogen in a cathode electrolysis chamber under a pressure higher than a normal pressure. The water electrolysis apparatus is shut down by applying a voltage between the current collectors after the cathode electrolysis chamber stops supplying the hydrogen, reducing a pressure in at least the cathode electrolysis chamber while the voltage is being applied, and stopping applying the voltage when the pressure in the cathode electrolysis chamber is equal to a pressure in the anode electrolysis chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a signal generator device for generating an electrical signal for use in an electrolysis device. The signal comprises a waveform with a voltage, a duty cycle, and a frequency. These waveform parameters may be varied based on data received from a plurality of sensors. The signal generator may generate a second electrical signal superimposed with the first electrical signal.

Abstract: An electrolyzer for high temperature electrolysis capable of operating in an allothermal mode including an enclosure, at least one electrolysis plate (8) including an anode and a cathode in combination and means for heating an active fluid intended to undergo a high temperature electrolysis, characterized in that the enclosure is capable of maintaining an electrolyte bath under high or very high pressure of several tens of bars, in that said heating means (10) are positioned in the enclosure and use a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: A water purification system has a water electrolysis system, combustion evaporation, and condensation chambers; hydrogen and oxygen channels; and a water vapor conduit. The water electrolysis system generates hydrogen and oxygen from water. The hydrogen and oxygen are transported to the oxygen chamber in channels. The hydrogen is combusted in the oxygen in the combustion chamber to generate heated water vapor. The evaporation chamber generates water vapor from water. The water vapor conduit is disposed between the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber. Heated water vapor from the combustion chamber traveling from the combustion chamber into the condensation chamber generates a vacuum on the water vapor conduit, drawing water vapor from the evaporation chamber into the condensation chamber. The condensation chamber receives water vapor from both the combustion chamber and the evaporation chamber.

Abstract: A method and device for the production of hydrogen from water and electricity using an active metal alloy. The active metal alloy reacts with water producing hydrogen and a metal hydroxide. The metal hydroxide is consumed, restoring the active metal alloy, by applying a voltage between the active metal alloy and the metal hydroxide. As the process is sustainable, only water and electricity is required to sustain the reaction generating hydrogen.

Abstract: Vessel-deployed wind machines are described that supply electricity for the electrolysis of sea water or fresh water to obtain hydrogen. The hydrogen produced from the electrolysis can be stored and used as desired. Hydrogen so produced can be used to power the vessel that carries the wind machines. Hydrogen produced can also be used for hydrogen fuel distribution networks and power plants.

Abstract: A high pressure proton exchange membrane based water electrolyzer system that may include a series of proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells that may be electrically coupled together and coupled to a proton exchange membrane to form a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that is spiral wound onto a conductive center post, wherein an innermost PEM cell of the MEA may be electrically connected with the conductive center post, or center electrode, and wherein an outermost PEM cell of the MEA may be electrically coupled to pressure vessel cylinder, or outer electrode. Each PEM cell may include an anode portion and a cathode portion separated by a portion of the PEM membrane. In addition, a non-permeable separator layer may also be spiral wound around the conductive center post and separates the wound portions of the PEM core.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissociating water. A reaction chamber contains an anode and a cathode submerged in an aqueous hydroxide electrolyte. The temperature of the aqueous hydroxide electrolyte in the reaction chamber is elevated to least 280° C. The pressure of the aqueous hydroxide electrolyte in the reaction chamber is likewise elevated to least 2 atmospheres. An electrical voltage is applied across the anode and cathode using an electrical power supply and oxygen and hydrogen are formed from the water contained in the aqueous hydroxide electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for the electrolytic production of hydrogen where radiation excited water from a spent fuel pool of a nuclear power plant is delivered to one or more electrolysers where DC current is applied to pairs of electrodes in the electrolysers to form hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is collected.

Abstract: Systems and methods that employ a vertical multi junction (VMJ) photovoltaic cell, to provide electrolysis for water and generate hydrogen and oxygen. Electrical current generated by the VMJ flows through the electrolyte (e.g., salt water) for a decomposition thereof (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen)—whenever threshold voltage of electrolysis operation is reached (e.g., 1.6 volts for water electrolysis).

Abstract: An oxygen emitter which is an electrolytic cell is disclosed. When the anode and cathode are separated by a critical distance, very small microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygen are generated. The very small oxygen bubbles remain in suspension, forming a solution supersaturated in oxygen. A flow-through model for oxygenating flowing water is disclosed. The use of supersaturated water for enhancing the growth of plants is disclosed. Methods for applying supersaturated water to plants manually, by drip irrigation or in hydroponic culture are described. The treatment of waste water by raising the dissolved oxygen with the use of an oxygen emitter is disclosed.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for generating electricity from renewable geothermal, wind, and solar energy sources includes a heat balancer for supplementing and regulating the heat energy fed to a turbine generator; a hydrogen-fired boiler for supplying supplementary heat; and an injection manifold for metering controlled amounts of superheated combustible gas into the working fluids to optimize efficiency. Wind or solar power may be converted to hydrogen in an electrolysis unit to produce hydrogen. A phase separator unit that operates by cavitation of the geothermal fluids removes gases from the source fluid. A pollution prevention trap may be used to remove solids and other unneeded constituents of the geothermal fluids to be stored or processed in a solution mining unit for reuse or sale. Spent geothermal and working fluids may be processed and injected into the geothermal strata to aid in maintaining its temperature or in solution mining of elements in the lithosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for electrolysis-based generation of hydrogen and oxygen to enhance combustion. A hydrogen generating apparatus comprises an electrolysis cell, the electrolysis cell electrically connected to a power source, an outlet for directing effluent gases from the electrolysis cell, and a scrubber for using a scrubbing medium to remove contaminants from the effluent gas flow. In another option, a first mesh electrode may be situated within the electrolysis cell and electrically connected to a power source, a second mesh electrode may be situated within the electrolysis cell and electrically connected to the power source, and a membrane may be situated between the first mesh electrode and the second mesh electrode which may be immersed within the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method is described for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or alkali metal chloride in an electrolysis cell. The cell includes at least of an anode half-element and an anode, a cathode half-element and a gas diffusion electrode as the cathode, and a cation exchange membrane for separating the anode half-element and the cathode half-element. A gas containing oxygen is supplied to the cathode half-element and excess gas containing oxygen is discharged from the cathode half-element. Excess gas containing oxygen discharged from the cathode half-element is subjected to catalytic oxidation of hydrogen.

Abstract: An electrolyser module comprising a plurality of structural plates each having a sidewall extending between opposite end faces with a half cell chamber opening and at least two degassing chamber openings extending through the structural plate between the opposite end faces.

Abstract: A catalyst assembly for catalyzing chemical reactions in a gas phase consists of a solid support, whose surface (S) is provided with an anchorage oxide (O) which is chemically different therefrom and is fixed thereto, wherein said anchorage oxide covers a non-zero area percentage of said solid support (S) surface and of a metal phase (M) catalytically active for the considered chemical reaction, is characterized in that said catalytically active metal phase (M) is anchored to said solid support (S) by means of the anchorage oxide (O) which is also grafted on the solid support (S).

Abstract: A method of operating an electrolysis system (100) to achieve high hydrogen output flow rates is provided. At least three types of electrodes are positioned within an electrolysis tank (101), the three types including at least one pair of low voltage electrodes (115/117) comprised of a first material, at least one pair of low voltage electrodes (117/118) comprised of a second material different from the first material, and at least one pair of high voltage electrodes (121/122). The low voltage and high voltage cathode electrodes are positioned within one region of the tank (101) while the low voltage and high voltage anode electrodes are positioned within the second region of the tank (101), the two regions separated by a membrane (105). The tank (101) is filled with an electrolyte containing water (103). The power supplied to the low and high voltage electrodes is simultaneously pulsed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising an arrangement of anode/cathode pairs, in which the accumulation of scales or similar fouling phenomena are prevented by alternatively operating either the anode or the cathode of one pair and the corresponding counterelectrode of the adjacent pair, the non-operated electrode of each pair being at open circuit. The electrolyte dissolves the scale deposits on the electrodes at open circuit, without resorting to harmful current reversal.

Abstract: The suggested plant for decomposition of water by electrolysis permits to convert mechanical and heat energy into electrical and chemical energy as it contains an electrolyzer comprising: a body installed on a shaft connected to a drive and incorporating ducts for supplying electrolyte solution and extracting the electrolysis products as well as an electrolyte solution drain duct; short-circuited electrodes—one electrode installed on the shaft and the other one formed by the internal surface of the body; and a heat exchanger.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for improved electrical appliances which allow for efficient and safe production of hydrogen and oxygen gas for internal combustion engines and the like are disclosed. An appliance for providing gas for combustion may comprise a water inlet, a power source, and an electrolyzer with at least one electrolysis transistor generating hydrogen and oxygen. The appliance may also comprise a gas handling unit for collecting the output of the electrolyzer and transporting it to an engine.

Abstract: Utility power is wheeled to distributed hydrogen energy storage systems during off peak periods where it is used in an electrolyzer to disassociate water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen at least is stored for use in a fuel cell or combustion engine driven generator to produce locally generated electricity during peak periods or power interruptions. Efficient electrolysis and gas storage are obtained by operating the electrolyzer at high pressures through two flow loops in which the hydrogen and oxygen produced in the electrolyzer pass to separate gas-water columns and force water into the electrolyzer. When the desired high pressure is reached, the gases are bled off into a series of storage tanks.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly in which at least one water content, conductivity, pH, mechanical strength and elasticity of the membrane is graduated across its thickness, between the electrodes.

Abstract: A method for configuring a solar hydrogen generation system and the system optimization are disclosed. The system utilizes photovoltaic modules and an electrolyte solution to efficiently split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The efficiency of solar powered electrolysis of water is optimized by matching the most efficient voltage generated by photovoltaic cells to the most efficient input voltage required by the electrolysis cell(s). Optimizing PV-electrolysis systems makes solar powered hydrogen generation cheaper and more practical for use as an environmentally clean alternative fuel.

Abstract: An electrolyzer cell (10) for the electrolysis of water comprises a cathode (12) of generally tubular configuration within which is disposed an anode (16) separated from the cathode (12) by a separation membrane (14) of generally tubular configuration which divides the electrolyte chamber (15) into an anode sub-chamber 15a and a cathode sub-chamber (15b). An electrolyzer apparatus (36) includes an array (38) of individual cells (10)across each of which an electric potential is imposed by a DC generator (40) via electrical leads (42a, 42b). Hydrogen gas generated within cells (10) from electrolyte (18) is removed via hydrogen gas take-off lines (20) and hydrogen manifold line (21). By-product oxygen is removed from cells (10) by oxygen gas take-off lines (22) and oxygen manifold line (23). The electrolyzer apparatus (36) may be configured to operate either batchwise or in a continuous electrolyterecycle operation to produce high purity hydrogen at high pressure, e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing elementary oxygen or for increasing the concentration thereof in the inhaled air of a user. According to the invention, water is split into hydrogen and elementary oxygen by means of electrical energy (electrolysis), the elementary oxygen is mixed with the inhaled air, and the hydrogen is mixed with the surrounding air in order to be converted back into water (fuel reaction). The splitting of the water into hydrogen and elementary oxygen and the conversion of the hydrogen and surrounding air into water take place simultaneously and continuously, forming a reaction circuit, and are coupled to each other, the electrical energy produced during the conversion being used to reduce the energy demand for the splitting.

Abstract: Devices are provided for generating a plasma field for dissociating water into elemental hydrogen and water. The elemental hydrogen may be used directly to produce power, or may be stored for use as an energy source or as a commodity. The devices of the present invention can provide on site, point of use sources for producing elemental hydrogen. In addition, the devices can produce a net positive energy output.

Abstract: A photoelectrolysis cell is described herein. The cell includes a photoelectrode based on a material having the general formula (Ln1?xMx)(Nb1?yTay)O1+xN2?x. Ln is at least one lanthanide element; M is at least one alkaline earth metal; 0?x?0.99; and 0?y?1. The photoelectrolysis cell further includes a counter-electrode formed from at least one metal or metallic alloy. An electrolyte which is in contact with both the photoelectrode and the counter-electrode is another component of the cell, along with a means for collecting hydrogen produced by the cell. A related process for producing hydrogen in a photoelectrolysis cell is also described.

Abstract: An electrolyzed water production apparatus including an electrolytic cell the interior of which is subdivided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by means of a partition member in the form of a water permeable membrane, wherein flow quantity control means is disposed in a discharge conduit to cause the flow of electrolyzed alkaline water from the cathode chamber into the anode chamber through the partition membrane.