Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an oxygen sensor included in a medical gas flow device, such as an anesthesia machine. In one embodiment, a method for a medical gas flow device comprises tracking an output voltage of an oxygen sensor during calibration over time, and, responsive to the output voltage decreasing by at least threshold amount from an initial calibration output voltage, estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor and outputting a replacement notification.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are lithiated cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks and method of making and using the same. A metal organic framework comprising a coordinated network of repeating units extending in three dimensions, wherein the repeating unit comprises a cyclodextrin, a first coordinating metal cation, and a second coordinating metal cation.

Abstract: A system including one or more gas sensor assemblies having one or more gas sensors. The gas sensor is for sensing a preselected gas. The gas sensor assembly includes a housing with a cavity therein, and the sensor is mounted on the housing so that the sensor is able to detect the preselected gas in the cavity. The gas sensor assembly includes a sensor control module in communication with the gas sensor, and also in communication with a central controller. Via the central controller, the sensor may be tested using a purge gas, and the sensor may be zeroed if necessary. Also, via the central controller, the sensor may be calibrated using a calibration gas mixture having the preselected gas in a known concentration. The central controller is configured for manual or automatic testing and calibration. Accordingly, the testing and calibration, whether manual or automatic, is done remotely.

Abstract: A method for determination of an unknown analyte using quantitative electrochemical generation of a detectable species, which provides specified quantities of the species, is described. As an example, free chlorine concentration measurements may be performed using N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), or N,N-bis(2,4-di-sulfobenzyl)toluidinetetrasodium salt (SBT), for obtaining an in-situ calibration curve, whereby matrix effects are eliminated.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas. In particular, the present application relates to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas by contacting the nitrous acid with an amine-functionalized metal organic framework.

Abstract: A method of improving performance of electrochemical gas sensors includes cycling potentials applied to one or more of the electrodes of the respective sensor(s) to improve performance of a different electrode. In a process for treating a reference electrode, potentials can be applied to working and, or counter electrodes so as to modify the environment in the vicinity of the reference electrode. An apparatus can carry out the method automatically.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a measuring apparatus and method for determining a measured value in a gas flow accounting for cross-sensitivities of the measuring appliance from at least one additional constituent in the gas flow interfering with the measured value. The measuring apparatus has a device for dividing original gas flow to be measured into a first and second measured gas flows, a device for changing the content of measured gas in the second measured flow by changing an influencing variable that influences the content of the measured gas, and a sensor element having a sensor for determining the value. The apparatus includes an evaluating unit for evaluating the measured values, wherein first and second measured flows are alternately fed to the sensor element to determine two intermediate measured values in two measured flows, respectively. The evaluating unit calculates the final value based on the two intermediate measurement results.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream. The apparatus comprises a platinum electrode for measuring CO2 in an aqueous stream. Methods for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream are also disclosed. The methods comprise providing an aqueous stream with oxidized organics therein; providing a platinum electrode, contacting the aqueous stream with the platinum electrode; applying cathodic potential followed by an anodic voltammetric sweep to the platinum electrode, and measuring the amperometric response of the platinum electrode. An apparatus for oxidizing organics in aqueous stream in an aqueous stream is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for measuring chemical oxygen demand, a composition and a kit useful for measuring chemical oxygen demand, a method for calibrating a chemical oxygen demand analysis method, and a method for determining carbonaceous chemical oxygen demand are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrochemical detector can be powered partly, or entirely by voltages generated by the sensor. Using either active circuits or a passive component which produces a predetermined voltage drop in the respective sensor, two electrode consumable anode oxygen sensors can be provided which do not evolve hydrogen during operation.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and methods for characterizing a fluid composition including exposing electrolyte to one fluid mixture, collecting a signal from an electrode in contact with the electrolyte, and simultaneously exposing the electrolyte to a second fluid, collecting a signal from a second electrode in contact with the electrolyte exposed to the second fluid, and comparing the signal difference between the electrodes with the Nerst equation wherein the temperature of the electrolyte is above 488° C. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or oxygen may be present in the fluid and/or the second fluid.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention generally relates to an FET-based detector for carbon monoxide which is based on two sensitive layers. In at least one embodiment, the first of the sensitive layers is catalytically active and therefore reacts equally to alcohols, in particular ethanol, and carbon monoxide. The second of the sensitive layers is not catalytically active and therefore does not react to carbon monoxide, but only to ethanol. The concentration of carbon monoxide can be deduced from the comparison of the signals of the two layers. The two sensitive layers are implemented via similar metal oxide layers, an additional layer having a catalyst such as palladium being provided for the catalytically active layer. Alternatively, two different layers can be used, one of which is already catalytically active without an additional layer.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and oxygenating an automobile cabin includes at least one oxygen sensor adapted to determine oxygen level inside an automobile cabin, at least one infotainment system adapted to facilitate user of the system to select a required amount of oxygenation with in a preferred range of oxygenation, at least one oxygen producing unit configured to provide oxygen rich air into said automobile cabin and a control device adapted to regulate functioning of all other elements of the system. Further, the control device determines the preferred range of oxygenation based on the oxygen level inside an automobile cabin and regulates functioning of oxygen producing unit to provide the required amount of oxygenation.

Abstract: A chronoamperometric method and device to determine concentration of an electrochemically active species in a fluid and pH of the fluid. A plurality of sets of calibration relationships may be determined for a sensor in an aqueous solution, the sensor having one or more working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes. A first plurality of potentials may be applied across the working and reference electrodes of the sensor in solution, and a first plurality of currents and current differences obtained as a function of the applied first plurality of potentials. Concentration of an electrochemically active species may then be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships, and pH of the solution may be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a housing having disposed therein a membrane electrode assembly comprising a sensing electrode, a counter electrode, and a polymer membrane disposed between the sensing electrode and the counter electrode. The polymer membrane comprises an ionic liquid retained therein. The sensor also includes a catalyst support that can be stable in a range of potentials to allow for detection mode and catalyst regeneration mode to be operative. The sensor further includes a circuitry and algorithm to implement the catalyst regeneration mechanism electrochemically. The sensor further includes a chamber for reference gas to which the counter electrode is exposed, and a chamber for test gas to which a gas to be tested is exposed. The sensor also includes a pathway for test gas to enter the chamber and a measured electrical circuit connecting the sensing electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a device for detecting one or more target gas compounds, such as a volatile organic compound, such as formaldehyde, comprising a chamber comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the chamber is capable of absorbing one or more non-target gas compounds. When the device is in use, the gas outlet is in fluid communication with a detector capable of detecting the amount or concentration of the one or more target gas compounds.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a gas sensor device and method of fabricating a gas sensor device are provided. In one embodiment a gas sensor device includes a base substrate, an electrolyte layer disposed on the base substrate and a plurality of potentiometric sensor units electrically coupled to the base substrate. Each potentiometric sensor unit includes an electrolyte layer disposed on the base substrate, a sensing electrode comprising tungsten oxide (WO3) and platinum (Pt), a reference electrode comprising Pt, and a plurality of connectors coupled to the plurality of potentiometric sensors to connect the plurality of potentiometric sensors in series.

Abstract: A method for measuring the component and calorific value of goal gas. The method includes measuring a volume concentration of H2 (TH2) using a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), measuring a volume concentration of O2 using an electrochemical detector (ECD), measuring volume concentrations of CO, CO2, CH4, and CnHm in the coal gas, revising an interference of CH4 in CnHm, revising a measured volume concentration of H2, and calculating the calorific value of the coal gas.

Abstract: Detecting a leak from a site in a sealed system with a source of pressurized gas which is capable of passing through the site, a composition of matter which adheres to the surfaces of the system and which is capable of showing the presence of the gas escaping from the site. The method includes: injecting gas into the system to a pressure in excess of the surrounding pressure, and covering the external surface with the composition to identify the location of the site by the interaction of the escaping gas with the composition. The composition is foam that includes a surfactant which forms a least one bubble in the presence of escaping gas and an indicator which changes color in the presence of the escaping gas. The leak is an opening down to at least the size of a hole 0.001? in diameter. A gas detector may also be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel bilirubin oxidase from Magnaporthe oryzae, to the method of preparation thereof as well as use thereof notably for assay of bilirubin and for the application of enzymatic biofuel cells.

Abstract: A device for determining the CO concentration in a gas containing hydrogen is provided, including a detection electrode in contact with the gas, and a counter electrode, each being in contact with an electrolyte; a current source to deliver a current with a predetermined intensity between the detection electrode and the counter electrode so as to generate, at the detection electrode, an electric potential fluctuating between two threshold values due to the adsorption and desorption of the CO at the detection electrode; a device for measuring the potential; and a calculating device to determine the CO concentration, connected to the current source and to the device for measuring the potential, for calculating a characteristic parameter of the fluctuations of the potential, and for determining the CO concentration from the calculated characteristic parameter and the intensity of the applied current.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for digitally controlling an oxygen sensor. The apparatus comprises a computer and digital circuitry coupled to the oxygen sensor to convey information between the oxygen sensor and the computer. The oxygen sensor includes a pump cell and at least one Nernst cell configured to indicate the difference in oxygen content in a test medium relative to a reference medium. A pump control circuit operates the pump cell according to signals received from the computer based on output signals from the Nernst cell. A reference voltage circuit enables the computer to determine impedances of the oxygen sensor as a function of sensor temperature and pressure. A Nernst read circuit transmits output signals from the oxygen sensor digitally to the computer. Digital signals received by the computer are compared with stored reference information so as to determine the oxygen content of the test medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide and optionally other biomarkers in a gaseous mixture, and in particular to a microfabricated device. The device comprises hydrogen peroxide capturing means and an electromechanical sensor comprising a sensing element in direct contact with the capturing means. The device further comprises means to measure the potential of the sensing element and/or the current through it as a result of a changing hydrogen peroxide concentration in the gaseous mixture. The device also comprises cooling/heating means for cooling and/or heating the capturing means. The device is preferably applied for online measurement of the hydrogen peroxide content in exhaled air.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to an amperometric gas sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte, comprising: a solid support; and a working electrode in contact with the solid support; wherein the analyte comprises a dopant which when in contact with the solid support increases the electrical conductivity of the solid support. A sterilization process employing the amperometric gas sensor is disclosed.

Abstract: Process and device for measuring the conversion of mercaptans to disulfides, in which the progress of the reaction for producing disulfides is monitored by measuring the redox potential.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one property of a gas in a measuring gas chamber, in particular for detecting at least one gas component of the gas. The at least one property is determined using at least one electrochemical measuring cell of a sensor element. Temperatures are detected at at least two different locations of the sensor element and used in determining the at least one property.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas sensor, including: a gas collecting chamber including: (a) a nanoporous wall including alumina, on a portion of the gas collecting chamber in the near vicinity of the solid propellant fuel; a micro pump attached to the gas collecting chamber; and a gas analysis device connected to the gas collecting chamber. The gas analysis device measures both type and concentration of gases collected in the gas collecting chamber via the nanoporous wall, the gases measured being selected from the group consisting of CO, CO2, NO, N2O, NO2 and combinations thereof. The present disclosure also relates to a method of sensing propellant degradation in solid fuel and a method of using a gas collecting chamber to sense such degradation.

Abstract: A method of testing a system having at least one electrochemical sensor for detecting an analyte gas within a housing of the system, the housing having an inlet, the at least one electrochemical sensor including an electrically active working electrode in fluid connection with the inlet of the system, the method including biasing the electrically active working electrode at a first potential, to detect the analyte gas and biasing the electrically active working electrode at a second potential, different from the first potential, such that the at least one electrochemical sensor is sensitive to a driving force created in the vicinity of the inlet to test at least one transport path of the system. The method may further include creating the driving force in the vicinity of the inlet of the housing of the system and measuring a response of the electrically active working electrode to the driving force.

Abstract: A system includes a system housing including an inlet, at least one gas sensor responsive to a first analyte gas other than oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet, and a sensor responsive to oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet. The sensor responsive to oxygen is formed to be chemically separate from the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen. The sensor responsive to oxygen is responsive to a change in the concentration of oxygen arising from creation of a driving force in the vicinity of the inlet to provide an indication of a state of a transport path between the inlet of the system and the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen.

Abstract: A method of operating a system having at least one sensor for detecting an analyte gas in an ambient atmosphere and a sensor responsive to oxygen includes providing a volume in fluid connection with the sensor responsive to oxygen. The volume has an open state in which the volume is in fluid connection with the ambient atmosphere and at least a first restricted state in which entry of molecules from the ambient atmosphere into the volume is restricted as compared to the open state. The method further includes placing the volume in the open state, subsequently placing the volume in the first restricted state, and measuring a dynamic output of the sensor responsive to oxygen while the volume is in the first restricted state. The dynamic output provides an indication of the status of one or more transport paths of the system.

Abstract: The present invention describes a biosensing device and method. Specifically, binding of target analyte to a sensor strip provides for reduction of metal ions in solution. The reduced metal can perform catalytic reactions leading to the production of easily identifiable products such as gas bubbles or colored molecules.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for detecting at least one chemical analyte vapour in a gaseous environment comprising the steps of: providing a fibre-based electrochemical sensor, said fibre-based sensor comprising at least one type of composite fibres, said type of composite fibres comprising a co-continuous phase blend comprising a first and a second continuous polymer phase, the first polymer phase being sensitive to the chemical analyte vapour to be detected in use, wherein said first polymer phase comprises a dispersion of carbon nanotubes at a concentration above the percolation threshold and wherein the chemical analyte is soluble in said first polymer phase; measuring the initial electrical conductivity of the fibre-based sensor; bringing said fibre-based sensor into contact with at least one chemical analyte to induce a modification of the electrical conductivity of the fibres; measuring the modification of the resulting electrical conductivity of said fibre-based sensor and correla

Abstract: A method for the detection of carbon dioxide gas using an electrochemical sensor. The method includes exposing a gas to a sensor, which includes a non-conductive solid substrate and at least one each of a metal oxide sensing electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode positioned on the substrate. A solid polymer electrolyte anion-exchange membrane is in intimate contact with the sensing electrode, reference electrode and counter electrode. The method is highly sensitive and selective to carbon dioxide with a very rapid response time.

Abstract: Embodiments for determining oxygen concentration using an oxygen sensor are provided. In one example, a method for determining oxygen concentration O2 in a gas flow of an internal combustion engine which is equipped with an engine controller and an oxygen sensor comprises determining the oxygen concentration O2,sens of the gas flow in a ceramic measurement cell of the sensor by current ISens which is detected by measurement and which flows when a constant voltage USens is applied and maintained, and correcting the oxygen concentration based on a pressure pSens at the measurement cell. In this way, the measured oxygen concentration may be corrected based on the pressure of the air at the sensor.

Abstract: A method for measuring and/or calibrating a gas sensor for determining oxygenic gas components in gas mixtures in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The gas sensor has one internal pump electrode IPE, one external pump electrode APE and one decomposition electrode NOE. The measurement and/or calibration may be carried out during the ongoing operation of the gas sensor by removing the gas component and/or oxygen from one of the chambers, by introducing oxygen in a controlled manner into one of the chambers with the aid of electrochemical pumping processes. The changes caused by the introduced oxygen are measured against an additional electrode and the gas sensor may be measured and/or calibrated using the measured values.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for utilizing sensors with existing devices. An interface module is used in combination with a newer sensor, such as a fluorescence oxygen sensor, and an older legacy device. The older legacy device supplies a polarizing voltage, and anticipates a measured current of between 0 and 100 nA. The newer sensor requires no polarizing voltage and delivers an output of 0-10 volts in one embodiment, and 4-20 mA in another embodiment. The interface module receives the output from the sensor, and converts it into a useable signal to the legacy device. In another embodiment, the interface module comprises a number of outputs, such that both legacy devices and newer devices can be in communication with the sensor simultaneously. The interface module can be used in conjunction with a reactor chamber or other pharmaceutical process.

Abstract: Embodiments of nanoelectronic sensors are described, including sensors for detecting analytes such ammonia. An environmental control system employing nanoelectronic sensors is described. A personnel safety system configured as a disposable badge employing nanoelectronic sensors is described. A method of dynamic sampling and exposure of a sensor providing a number of operational advantages is described.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor for detecting ozone or nitrogen dioxide in a gas sample has a measuring electrode (3) formed of carbon nanotubes (CNT) or a counterelectrode (8) in an electrolyte solution (9), which contains lithium chloride or lithium bromide in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A sensor supervision system for periodically providing a test to accesses the status of a gas detection sensor, such as a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor, is provided. To access the status of the CO sensor, a processor provides a voltage to the sensor supervision system, such that a voltage is applied to CO sensor, charging the CO sensor. The status of the CO sensor is accessed by determining the change in the voltage charge of the CO sensor between two sampling time points. If the first sample voltage is substantially equal to the second sample voltage, i.e., a substantially constant voltage, the carbon monoxide sensor fails the test. However, if there is an change is the voltage change between the first and second sampled time points, the CO sensor passes the test.

Abstract: An alcohol level detection apparatus comprising a chamber (17) associated with a delivery path for a sample volume; conditioning means (29) for the chamber to temperature condition the sample volume in vapour equalisation with air in a head space for the chamber; and a fuel cell (22) to sample the vapour equalisation, the electrical voltage in the fuel cell giving an indication of the alcohol level relative to the temperature condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the CO concentration in a gas containing hydrogen, said device comprising a detection electrode (1) in contact with said gas and separated from a counter electrode (2) by an electrolyte (3; 4). In a galvanostatic mode, the fluctuations of the hydrogen oxidation potential of the detection electrode (1) are characterized by a parameter having a value used for obtaining the CO concentration by comparison to reference data.

Abstract: A bifunctional total NOx and O2 sensor assembly with an internal reference for high temperature sensing. Two electrochemical total NOx(NO+NO2) measuring systems and method were coupled with a metal/metal oxide internal oxygen reference to detect O2 and NOx simultaneously in a combustion environment using a single sensor. A Pd/PdO-containing reference chamber was sealed within a stabilized zirconia superstructure by a high pressure/temperature bonding method. An amperometric and potentiometric NOx sensor assembly was built on the outside of the Pd/PdO chamber. Pt-loaded zeolite Y was used to obtain total NOx capacity and also to cover the Pt electrodes for detecting oxygen in the presence of NOx.

Abstract: A gas sensor and method thereof are provided. The example gas sensor may include first and second electrodes formed on a substrate, a carbon nanotube connecting the first and second electrodes on the substrate, a light source disposed above the carbon nanotube and an ampere meter measuring current flowing between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention includes sensors and systems that include a sensor. A sensor includes a sensor polymer, where the polymer includes a repeating unit having an anilineboronic acid-phosphate complex or an anilineboronic acid complexed with an alcohol or diol. The sensor polymer may be a copolymer, such as a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or an alternate copolymer. The present invention also provides methods for using the sensors described herein, including methods for detecting the presence of an analyte, such as CO2, in a fluid.

Abstract: A gas sensor for detecting NOX is provided. The gas sensor may have a plurality of substrate members, a first sensing electrode, and a second sensing electrode. The gas sensor may also have a first heater element associated with the first sensing electrode and being located on a first side of one of the plurality of substrate members, and a second heater element associated with the second sensing electrode and being located on a second opposing side of the one of the plurality of substrate members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new antioxidant sensor based on metallic or metallic oxide modified electrode and its associated method for electrochemically generating hydroxyl radicals and their subsequent use for the electrochemical measurement of antioxidant activities based on hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of the tested sample.

Abstract: A new electrochemical method for determining dissolved oxygen concentration is developed. It employs cobalt based oxide or complex to modify a conductive electrode surface. This method can be applied to determine dissolved oxygen in regard to medical and environmental demands. The chemical formula of the cobalt based oxide or complexes can be shown as CoxOy or CoaLb. Both “x” and “a” represent the number of cobalt atom; while “y” and “b” represent the number of oxygen atom and the number of coordinating ligand, respectively. For instance, the best known example of cobalt oxide is Co3O4, and the best known examples of cobalt complexes are cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), or other macrocyclic complexes with a metallic nucleus of cobalt. The present invention determines the concentration of dissolved oxygen in solution in potentiostatic mode with three electrodes. As a result, the dissolved oxygen can be determined between 0.0V and ?0.3V vs.

Abstract: A method of improving performance of electrochemical gas sensors includes cycling potentials applied to one or more of the electrodes of the respective sensor(s) to improve performance of a different electrode. In a process for treating a reference electrode, potentials can be applied to working and, or counter electrodes so as to modify the environment in the vicinity of the reference electrode. An apparatus can carry out the method automatically.

Abstract: A method of determining the general or a specific condition of a subject is disclosed, the method comprising measuring the concentration of each of a plurality of components in a single sample of the gas stream exhaled by the subject; and generating information regarding the concentration of each of the plurality of components such that the concentrations of the components are directly comparable. The method is particularly suitable for assessing the condition of the respiratory system of a subject. The method preferably employs electrochemical sensors to measure the concentration of the target components in the exhaled gas stream.

Abstract: Exposure of diffusion limited sensors to target gas concentrations above their range can result in non-linearity and slow recovery times. Applications where both a high concentration and a low concentration need to be measured in succession are problematic if the high concentration gas adversely affects the response of the sensor to low gas concentrations. By employing two sensors, one for high range and one for low range gas concentrations, and a means to isolate the low range sensor from the gas source whenever the concentration exceeds a threshold value as determined by the high range sensor and reengage the low range sensor when the target gas concentration falls below the threshold, allows both the measurement of target gas to high concentrations as well as the high resolution measurement of target gas at low concentrations.