Abstract: Methane and liquid hydrocarbon feeds boiling above 350.degree. C. are reacted by feeding finely divided droplets into hot gas at not more than 2 MPa containing at least 50% volume methane and not more than 15% volume hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved hydroconversion process for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes, metals, and sulfur compounds which process minimizes the production of carbonaceous insoluble solids and catalyst attrition rates. The process is characterized by the use of a catalyst which has about 0.1 to about 0.3 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 1,200.ANG. and no more than 0.1 cc/gm of its pore volume in pores having diameters greater than 4,000.ANG..

Abstract: A process for the selective production of petrochemical products by thermal cracking is disclosed. The process includes feeding methanol to a thermal cracking atmosphere of hydrocarbons in such a way that the ratio, as carbon atoms, of methanol and at least one starting hydrocarbon is at least 0.05:1, thermally cracking the at least one starting hydrocarbon at a cracking temperature of from 650.degree. to 1300.degree. C., and quenching the resulting reaction product.

Abstract: An extraction residue obtained by solvent deasphalting of a residual oil is mixed with a carrier gas and thermally cracked at a temperature of 400.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. in a tube-type cracking apparatus to obtain cracked oil and pitch. The use of the carrier gas, which may be either an inert gas such as nitrogen or a reactive gas such as hydrogen, permits a flow velocity through the cracking apparatus sufficient to substantially prevent coking. Preferably, the cracking conditions are controlled so that the yield of cracked oil is not more than about 30 to 35%.

Abstract: An oven for heating a distillable material in a preselected gas atmosphere. The oven comprises an inner heating chamber adapted to receive a spherical gravity lid, the heating chamber being connected to and in communication with a gas exhaust tube having a condensate trap at the termination thereof. The inner heating chamber is also in communication with and surrounded by an outer gas flow chamber, the outer gas flow chamber having a plurality of heater elements therein. The gas exhaust tube is surrounded by an ante chamber which is in communication with the outer chamber. The heater elements are continuously monitored by a programmable controller and a thermocouple in communication therewith. During oven operation, a purge gas is introduced to the ante chamber and flows therefrom into the outer gas flow chamber around the heater elements and into the top of the inner heating chamber.

Abstract: A method for reducing coking in quench units is disclosed, the method being characterized by removal of the coking materials from the quench liquid employed.

Abstract: The invention is a method of handling the enthalpy of reaction of fast homogeneous gas-phase chemical reactions, by using mechanical energy in the form of work performed by moving surfaces in contact with the reactants, for adding energy to or removing energy from the gaseous reactants. Transfer of energy is obtained by adiabatic compression or expansion of the gas, or by adiabatic dissipation of mechanical energy into heat. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out fast homogeneous gas phase chemical reactions wherein the said principles are applied in the reactor and to a process for cracking hydrocarbons wherein the said principle is applied in the reactor.

Abstract: The mass production system disclosed herein provides a method for producing highly aromatic petroleum pitch, comprising, preheating a liquefied petroleum residuum to a temperature of 450.degree.-520.degree. C. by passing the same through a tubular heater for 0.5-15 minutes, feeding the preheated residuum into a reaction vessel, thermally cracking the same by introducing an inert gas heated to a temperature of 400.degree.-2,000.degree. C. through a heating furnace into the reaction vessel for direct contact with the residuum for 0.5-10 hours, and adjusting to be coincident the ratio of the number of feeding flow lines for the preheated residuum from the tubular heater into the reaction vessels to the total number of reaction vessels with the ratio of the charging time .theta.C required for charging one reaction vessel with one feeding flow of preheated residuum to the total time .theta.T required for carrying out one batch of the thermal cracking in one reaction vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of thermally cracking a heavy petroleum oil by introducing the heavy petroleum oil into a reactor and contacting the heavy petroleum oil thus introduced with a gas, which does not react with the heavy petroleum oil, at a temperature of 400.degree.-2000.degree. C. thereby thermally cracking the heavy petroleum oil. The method uses plural reactors and introduces the heavy petroleum oil into the reactors in a specified manner, and charges the reactor in advance with a specified amount of heavy petroleum oil of a specified temperature.

Abstract: The heat requirements of a fluid coking zone are provided by introducing a hot vaporous hydrocarbon stream into the coking zone instead of the conventional hot coke stream. The fluid coking process may be integrated with a coke gasification process.

Abstract: A process for purifying aromatic hydrocarbons contained in liquid products of refining petroleum fractions or liquid products of coal coking or low-temperature carbonization from non-aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises heat-treatment of said liquid products at a temperature ranging from 750.degree. to 950.degree. C. under a pressure within the range of from 1 to 10 atm in the presence of acyclic C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbons employed separately or in various combinations at a weight ratio between said acyclic hydrocarbons and said liquid products being of at least 0.3. The heat-treatment results in a vapor-gas mixture which is cooled to isolate a condensate containing predominantly aromatic hydrocarbons. The process is technologically simple and makes it possible to purify aromatic hydrocarbons practically without decomposition thereof.

Abstract: A method for electrically cracking crude oil comprised of the steps of injecting a mixture of petroleum crude and an energy transfer medium into a cracking chamber in a continuous flow, supplying a high frequency electrical discharge into the energy transfer medium which, in turn, consecutively transmits the energy to the petroleum crude for cracking, and extracting and storing the component hydrocarbon fractions while separating out the energy transfer medium.

Abstract: Synthetic coking coal is produced by coking heavy hydrocarbons at a temperature greater than the temperatures which initiate cracking in the coker, and by removing the gaseous and liquid products from the coker at accelerated velocities. The thermally cracked oil produced in the coking reaction can be hydrodesulfurized to produce a low sulfur fuel oil.

Abstract: A process for cracking thermoplastic polymers to valuable products, primarily their monomers, comprising the following steps:A. converting the polymer into a liquid or fluidized stage;B. introducing the polymer from step (a) in droplet or particulate form into a reaction zone and admixing said polymer with a hot inert gas or mixture of hot inert gases in the reaction zoneWherein the weight ratio of gas to polymer is about 1 to about 8 parts of gas per part of polymer; the temperature of the gas is such as to heat the polymer to a temperature in the range of about 800.degree.C. to about 1050.degree.C.; and the residence time in the reaction zone is about 10 to about 100 milliseconds; andC. quenching the recovering product.

Abstract: A process for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks comprising introducing a mixture of feedstock and hot gas into a reactor in which cracking temperatures are maintained, said reactor comprising;A. a hollow cylindrical tube having (i) a first end closure and a second end closure, at least one of said end closures being provided with an orifice disposed substantially centrally therein; and (ii) at least one hollow inlet feed chamber open at both ends passing through the cylindrical surface described by tube (A), one end of such feed chamber being disposed in the interior of tube (A) at about its periphery in such a manner that vapor, which is passed through said chamber, will flow substantially tangentially to the inner surface described by cylindrical tube (A), provided that the rate of flow is sufficient therefor, creating a vortex-like flow within tube (A); andB. at least one hollow tube open at both ends;Wherein:A.

Abstract: High grade cokes are produced by a simple expedient such that a raw material oil is charged into a coking drum and is subjected therein to a two step operation, namely reforming of the oil and subsequent coking under bubbling into the oil of a heated non-oxidizing gas. No fluidized bed of the oil to be coked is formed.