Abstract: A process for producing premium delayed petroleum coke suitable for manufacture of graphite electrodes for use in electric arc steel furnaces. The process requires a fresh feedstock having specific characteristics, and incorporates an internally produced thermal tar as a supplement to the fresh feed. The fresh feedstock is an atmospheric reduced crude petroleum oil having a specified gravity, carbon residue and boiling distribution.

Abstract: In mixing coal tar and/or coal tar pitch with aromatic and aliphatic solvents at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 15.degree. C and 140.degree. C to prepare a raw material for the manufacture of needle coke, the mixing ratio of the aromatic and aliphatic solvents and their quantities of addition to the coal tar and/or coal tar pitch are adjusted so that insoluble substances precipitate in a pitch zone. A supernatant obtained by separating the insoluble substances is distilled, and hydrocarbons consisting substantially of aromatic compounds and freed of the insoluble substances are obtained. Then the hydrocarbons are used as the raw material for the manufacture of needle coke.

Abstract: A low-impurity coke suitable for the production of electrodes for aluminium manufacture is prepared by extracting coal volatile matter content greater than about 28% by weight on a dry ash free basis with a highly aromatic hydrocarbon extractant of which the middle 90% boils in the range 250.degree. to 350.degree. C at a temperature of about 380.degree. to 450.degree. C, in the liquid phase, insoluble matter is separated off and the extract is heated to remove distillable oil and coked wherein the residence time of coal in the extraction step is controlled and the weight ratio of extractant to coal during extraction is maintained greater than 3:1 to maintain a substantially constant specific resistivity of the filter cake.

Abstract: A process for preparing needle coal pitch coke by mixing coal tar and/or coal tar pitch with aromatic and aliphatic solvents under atmospheric pressure and at temperatures between 15.degree. C and 140.degree. C. The mixing ratio of the aromatic and aliphatic solvents and their quantities of addition to coal tar and/or coal tar pitch are adjusted so that insoluble substances precipitate in a zone selected from the group consisting of a slurry zone and a crystal zone. By distilling a supernatant solution obtained by separating the insoluble substances occurring in the slurry or crystal zone, hydrocarbons consisting substantially of aromatic compounds and free of the insoluble substances are obtained. The obtained hydrocarbons are processed into coke.

Abstract: Manufacture of pitch coke with needle-like structure by mixing pyrolysis oil condensate formed in the process with a coal-tar pitch having a softening point between 70.degree. and 150.degree. C, filtering the mixture at a temperature 100.degree. to 200.degree. C above the softening point, heating the filtrate to a temperature between 450.degree. and 525.degree. C in a tubular heater and coking the heated filtrate in a coking drum, passing volatile pyrolysis products from the drum to a fractionating column for separation of pyrolysis oil condensate from non-condensible gas.

Abstract: A high crystalline coke can be prepared by heat-soaking a petroleum feedstock in the presence of added dissolved sulfur, heating to effect controlled thermal cracking thereof, separating non-crystalline substances as pitch, recovering a heavy cokable residue from the pitch free feed, and subjecting the residue to delayed coking.

Abstract: Coal-tar pitch is heated to a temperature which is at least 100.degree. C above its softening point but below its decomposition temperature and is mixed with a filter aid, such as kieselghur or activated carbon prior to filtering the pitch at at least the preheat temperature so as to remove ashes, soot and heavy metals therefrom. The thus-purified pitch is then coked. In this manner, it is possible to obtain high-quality, anisotropic acicular coke which is readily convertible into graphite.

Abstract: Coal can be extracted with high boiling aromatic oils produced by extracting the aromatic constituents of a heavy petroleum material, e.g. a bitumen residue, using a selective solvent, mixing the extract with a low-boiling aromatic solvent, adding water and separating the aromatic-containing phase and recovering said aromatic constituents. The resulting coal extract is particularly suitable for the production of electrode coke.

Abstract: Delayed petroleum coke is produced by conventional processing, including steaming of the coke in the drum to remove volatile material. After the steaming operation, the coke is quenched by injecting water onto the top of the steamed coke and passing the quench water downwardly through the coke, whereby the coke bed acts as a filter to trap fines which would pass overhead when the normal method of quenching by injecting quench water upwardly is used. Apparatus including retractable spray nozzles extending into the coke drum from the top is described.

Abstract: High quality petroleum sponge coke suitable for use in the manufacture of electrodes is produced by adding an effective amount of an oxygen-containing carbonaceous material which tends to decompose at high temperatures, such as sawdust, coal, or lignite to delayed coker fresh and/or recycle feed. This addition eliminates or reduces the formation of shot coke and promotes the formation of high-quality, easy-to-grind petroleum sponge coke.

Abstract: Yield and coke quality of a delayed coking and coke calcining process is improved by addition of coke fines to a coke drum at a temperature approximately equal to or higher than that of the incoming liquid hydrocarbon residuum feedstock during the coking operation.

Abstract: Pitch is produced continuously by heat treating a heavy hydrocarbon oil at a temperature of 350.degree. to 500.degree. C successively in two or more reactors connected in series, outlet to inlet, recirculating, at the same time, one portion of the liquid output substance from at least one reactor into that reactor, and introducing the output substance (molten pitch) of the final reactor into an after-treatment chamber of duct shape with an inactive atmosphere sealed therewithin thereby to cool the output substance.

Abstract: High grade, low-sulfur needle coke is produced from heavy high-sulfur aromatic mineral oil feedstocks by a sequence of (1) fractionating the feedstock into a minor heavy fraction, and a major lighter fraction, (2) subjecting the lighter fraction to mild hydrofining, (3) blending the heavy fraction separated in step (1) with the heavy fraction of hydrofined oil from step (2), (4) subjecting the resulting blend to delayed thermal coking, and preferably (5) recycling to the coking step heavy coker gas oil recovered from the coker effluent. If desired, the aromaticity of the heavy hydrofined oil from step (2) can be increased by subjecting the same to thermal cracking prior to step (3).

Abstract: The present invention refers to an integrated process for the delayed coking of mixtures of cracking unit residues and coal tar so as to obtain premium coke and a raw material suitable for the manufacture of carbon black. In view of the composition of the initial feed charge for coking, it is possible to use cracking unit residues which have a sulphur content greater than 3% by weight as well as low aromaticity without said compound charge failing to meet the specifications laid down for the obtention of premium coke and carbon black feedstock.

Abstract: A process for producing high quality metallurgical coke from hydrocarbonaceous charge stock containing coke precursors which comprises: (a) admixing said hydrocarbonaceous charge with a hereinafter described hydrocarbonaceous recycle stream; (b) introducing the resulting admixture into a coking zone maintained at coking conditions to produce coke and a hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a reduced level of coke precursors; (c) introducing at least a portion of said hydrocarbonaceous effluent into a hydrodesulfurization zone maintained at hydrodesulfurization conditions; (d) recycling at least a portion of the resultant desulfurized hydrocarbon of step (c) to step (a) as said hydrocarbonaceous recycle stream.

Abstract: A process for producing coke from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks which involves contacting at least a portion of the feedstock with a peroxy oxidant in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst to preferentially oxidize a portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock, subjecting the feedstock to coking conditions to form coke and recovering a coke product. The present process can provide improved yields of coke having substantially reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A high-crystalline petroleum coke is produced from low-sulfur petroleum feedstock such as virgin crude oil, distillation residuum and cracked residium by subjecting the feedstock to preheat treatment under specific conditions to effect cracking and soaking thereof, subjecting the preheat-treated feedstock to flash distillation to remove non-crystalline substances contained therein as pitch and to recover distillate, fractionating the distillate to provide a heavy residue and subjecting the heavy residue to a delayed coking under specific conditions to produce the desired coke which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 1.0 .times. 10.sup.-6 /.degree. C over 100.degree.-400.degree. C.

Abstract: Characteristics of the feedstock for a delayed coking operation are determined prior to carrying out the coking operation, and the feedstock is adjusted by blending, thermal cracking, or other processing to provide certain predetermined characteristics to the feedstock prior to conducting the coking operation. Feedstocks having desired predetermined characteristics produce a premium grade coke having very low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: In the thermal cracking of a heavy petroleum oil (having an API specific gravity of not more than 25) in a tubular type heating furnace, possible occurrence of coking trouble inside the furnace can be prevented by applying a magnetic field of fixed magnitude transversely to the flow of the heavy petroleum oil being introduced into the furnace or by applying a fixed magnitude of magnetic field transversely and, at the same time, applying a fixed magnitude of direct-current voltage parallel to the flow of the heavy petroleum oil being introduced into the furnace. More effective prevention of occurrence of coking can be obtained by having a specific inorganic substance incorporated in the heavy petroleum oil before the oil is subjected to the magnetic field or to simultaneous application of the magnetic field and voltage.

Abstract: A petroleum coke of unusually high-crystalline texture and of high purity is produced from a low-sulfur petroleum material by a process including a preheat-treating step for removing non-crystalline substances contained in the material as pitch or coke and a coking step wherein a heavy oil derived from the preceding step is coked in a coking crystallizer in such a manner that pitch-like heavy oil downwardly flows and is progressively accumulated and coked therein while gaseous light hydrocarbons are discharged at the upper part of crystallizer whereby the coking is conducted with a high growth and high orientation of coke crystals formed.

Abstract: Synthetic coking coal is produced by coking heavy hydrocarbons at a temperature greater than the temperatures which initiate cracking in the coker, and by removing the gaseous and liquid products from the coker at accelerated velocities. The thermally cracked oil produced in the coking reaction can be hydrodesulfurized to produce a low sulfur fuel oil.

Abstract: Pyrolysis naphtha is contacted with a residuum hydrocarbon charge stock under process conditions suitable for delayed coking of said residuum hydrocarbon charge. Unstable olefinic and diolefinic components of said pyrolysis naphtha are reduced in the product naphtha. Such conversion of unstable olefin and diolefin components is accomplished without substantial conversion of aromatic components of said pyrolysis naphtha.

Abstract: A process for the production of coke which process comprises extracting coal at an elevated temperature with a suitable solvent, filtering undissolved material from the extract, concentrating the extract and thereafter coking the concentrated extract while recovering the solvent for re-circulation characterised in that prior to digestion of the coal the solvent is subjected to coking under conditions comparable with the conditions under which the coal solution is subjected to coking until coking of all the cokable components in the solvent is substantially complete.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of coke having a low mineral matter content which process comprises digesting coal in a high boiling aromatic oil solvent at a temperature within the range of 350.degree.C. to 480.degree.C. separating insoluble matter from the coal digest to give a coal extract and coking the coal extract characterized in that the coal prior to digestion has a volatile matter content within the range of 13% to 28% by weight.

Abstract: Isotropic petroleum coke is produced by air blowing a petroleum residuum to produce a delayed coking feedstock having a particular softening point and then coking said air-blown residuum with or without diluent under delayed coking conditions.

Abstract: Any kind of virgin, low-sulfur crude oil is directly treated in a two-stage delayed coking process for yielding non-crystalline coke in the first stage and high-crystalline coke in the second stage, which process comprises preheating the crude oil in a tube heater to 460.degree. - 520.degree.C under 5-20 kg/cm.sup.2 G, maintaining the oil therein at that temperature for 30 - 500 seconds to allow the oil to be heat-soaked, subjecting the oil to first delayed coking under relatively mild conditions and subjecting the uncoked heavy residual oil to second delayed coking under relatively severe conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a unitary and continuous process to produce the desired products, divided for clarity of description, into two sections: (A) Retorting section and (B) cracking section-the first comprising a retorting section which in one principal aspect may be an essentially tubular vertical retort, one type of which is shown in FIG. 1; or in another aspect a horizontal rotating retort sloping downwardly, in which in any event the oil shale is heated indirectly by the hot gases of combustion, and are kept separate from the oil vapors and gases from the oil shale. The hot combustion products of the fuel in general move upwardly and out of direct contact with the shale and products therefrom.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residua, heavy crude oils and the like, are converted to predominantly liquid hydrocarbon products by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a regenerable alkali metal carbonate molten medium containing a glass-forming oxide, such as boron oxide, at a temperature in the range of from above about the melting point of said molten medium to about 1000.degree.F. and at elevated pressures. Preferably, the regenerable molten medium comprises an oxide of boron in combination with a mixture of sodium and lithium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. The carbonaceous materials (coke) which are formed in the molten medium during the above-described conversion process are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from above about the melting point of said medium to about 2000.degree.F.

Abstract: In the delayed coking process wherein hot coke is formed by destructive distillation of a petroleum feed in a coking drum to provide solid coke and distillate petroleum products, the method of regulating the rate of quenching the hot coke after the drum is full and coking has ceased which comprises regulating the rate of feeding quench water to the coking drum in accordance with the internal pressure measured within the drum.

Abstract: A method of making special cokes according to which a mixture of from 50-90% by weight of an atmospheric distillation residue of a petroleum, e.g. a Pannonian petroleum, with a density of from 0.935-0.965 grams per cubic centimeter, a viscosity of from 2.8.degree.-4.3.degree. Engler at 100.degree.C, a sulfur content of from 0.85-1.10%, a coke value according to Conradson of from 5-7 %, an aromatics content of from 40-60%, an asphalt content below 1.8% with a boiling component of less than 20% within the temperature range of from 250.degree.-350.degree.C, and a content in ash forming elements of less than 0.05% is coked together with from 10-50% by weight of a catalyst-free catalytic residue obtained by catalytic cracking of a distillate low in ashes, e.g. gas oil, which last mentioned residue has a density of from 0.90-0.95 grams per cubic centimeter, a viscosity of from 2.5.degree.-3.2.degree. Engler at 50.degree.C, a sulfur content less than 0.6%, a coke value according to Conradson of from 3.5-4.