Abstract: Coke is removed from particulate catalyst by passing the coke-containing catalyst into a regenerator containing a fluidized dense bed of catalyst. An oxygen containing gas is added to the regenerator to burn coke from catalyst. The dense bed has a reducing atmosphere in its lower half because most of the CO promoter catalyst present in the regenerator is in the upper half of the dense bed. Nitrogen oxides formed during coke combustion are at least partially reacted to form free nitrogen in the CO-rich atmosphere within the lower-half of the regenerator dense bed. A CO combustion promotor, e.g., platinum on alumina, having a low density, or small size is preferred as it concentrates near the upper portion of the regenerator dense bed. The process is especially useful in FCC regenerators for minimizing the NO.sub.x content of the flue gas, however, it is applicable to any fluidized bed combustion process.

Abstract: An FCC regenerator comprising a first dense bed coke combuster, a dilute phase transport riser, and a second dense bed operates with selective addition of CO combustion catalyst downstream of the coke combustor and preferably into the dilute phase transport riser. The process and apparatus permits maintenance of a reducing atmosphere in the first dense bed, which promotes conversion of NO.sub.x compounds to nitrogen within the FCC regenerator. Coke can be burned in the first dense bed, the transport riser, or the second dense bed, so that the average catalyst temperature and steaming severity is reduced.

Abstract: By use of a slurry mixture described herein, catalyst particles or other similar particles can be transferred over considerable temperature differential without breaking or crumbling.By selecting a carrier fluid with a combination of high critical temperature and low critical pressure relative to the conditions under which the particles will function, a slurry mixture is provided which protects the contained particles against breakage.

Abstract: Process for contacting solid cracking catalyst with a hydrocarbons-comprising mixture by introducing said fluid as a, preferably single, annular stream into a stream comprising the particulate solids.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of a hydrocarbon feed. The process and apparatus includes a riser which upwardly discharges into a deflector baffle located within a stripping vessel. The stripping vessel is located within a disengaging vessel. The deflector baffle is spaced from the riser and the stripping vessel. Preferably, the deflector baffle is shaped similarly to a large bubble cap. Catalyst passes downwardly from the baffle into a stripping zone within a lower portion of the stripping vessel. Hydrocarbons stripped from the catalyst pass upwardly aaway from the stripping zone, then pass to a cyclone located outside the stripping vessel and then discharge from the disengaging vessel.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for recovering power in a fluid catalytic cracking unit used particularly for the treatment of heavy charges, wherein at least a portion of the power available in the gas flows withdrawn from two catalyst regenerators (4) and (21) of a fluid bed catalytic cracking unit are recovered.According to the invention the fumes from regenerator (4) are fed to one of the stages of a turbine (35), the pressure in this stage being lower than the pressure of the fumes from regenerator (4) and the fumes from regenerator (21) (whose pressure is lower than that prevailing in the first regenerator (4)) are fed to another stage of the same turbine (35) whose pressure is lower than that of the stage to which the fumes of regenerator (4) are supplied.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process and apparatus is described which includes a high temperature stripper (hot stripper) to control the carbon level, hydrogen level, and sulfur level on spent catalyst, followed by single or multi-stage regeneration. The high temperature stripper may operate at a temperature between 100.degree. F. above the temperature of a catalyst hydrocarbon mixture exiting a riser and 1500.degree. F. The regenerator may operate at a temperature between 100.degree. F. above that of the catalyst in the hot stripper and 1600.degree. F. Hot regenerated catalyst recycles to the hot stripper to maintain the hot stripper temperature. The present invention has the advantage that it separates hydrogen from catalyst to eliminate hydrothermal degradation, and separates sulfur from catalyst as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans which are easy to scrub. The present invention also provides a method and apparatus for converting a TCC unit to a FCC unit, with maximum use of the TCC unit.

Abstract: A dual riser cracking operation in combination with sequential stages of catalyst regeneration in which the second regeneration stage is a riser regenerator is described in combination with deep solvent deasphalting a vacuum resid. The deasphalted resid is subjected to hydrogenation treatment prior to cracking thereof in a riser cracking zone in admixture with a heavy vacuum gas oil which may or may not be hydrogenated prior to cracking thereof. Lower boiling fractions of the crude oil are subjected to catalytic cracking in a separate riser cracking zone. Partially regenerated catalyst of dense fluid bed regeneration may be employed in the heavy oil feed riser cracking operation charged with deasphalted oil. The partially regenerated catalyst may be used alone or in combination with more completely regenerated catalyst of the riser regeneration operation.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of apparatus employed is described for regenerating solid particles comprising carbonaceous deposits. At least three sequential stages of separation of flue gases from entrained solids are provided in association with an upflow catalyst regeneration operation.

Abstract: The invention combines two unit operations i.e. fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and circulating fluid bed (CFB) boiler technologies. The circulating solid inventory of the CFB boiler is introduced to the bottom of a conventional FCC unit to supply the endothermic heat of reaction. A once-through FCC catalyst is introduced under high-temperature, short residence time conditions whereby improved yields are achieved through the reduction of coke made in the FCC unit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cooling FCC catalyst that provides two modes of operation for a remote heat exchanger type cooler. In the first mode the exchanger is operated in a backmix fashion where catalyst is circulated between the cooler and a disengagement zone. Regenerated catalyst is withdrawn from an outlet located close to the heat exchanger inlet so that essentially all of the heat removed by the cooler serves to reduce the temperature of catalyst entering the reaction zone. This mode of operation is particularly useful in obtaining a benefit from the cooler when processing light to moderate FCC feeds. In the second mode, the exchanger is operated in a flow through mode where hot catalyst is withdrawn from the disengaging zone cooled in the exchanger and passed into the combustion zone. The second mode of operation is used to withdraw heat from the overall regeneration process in the case of heavy FCC feedstock conversion.

Abstract: This process discloses a reduction in the content of ammonia in a regeneration zone off gas of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by the select recycle of certain sized ammonia decomposition catalyst particles. The ammonia decomposition may be aided by injection of NO.sub.x into the off gas. The particles are acquired from a separation means through which is passed the regeneration zone off gas. A solid-free regeneration zone off gas and a stream of solid particles, including a noble metal dispersed on an inorganic support, having a size of from 10 to 40 microns, are acquired. The latter segregated particles are then injected into the regeneration zone at a predetermined make-up rate to insure a very short residence time in the dense phase of the regeneration zone and to provide a relatively constant concentration of the NH.sub.3 decomposition catalyst in the dilute phase of the regeneration zone to convert NH.sub.3 to N.sub.2 and water vapor.

Abstract: Solids e.g. catalysts are separated from suspensions in gases e.g. products from catalytic cracking of crude oil fractions a discharging of suspensions against a surface positioned above the outlet of a riser conduit through which the suspensions are flowing and collecting the displaced gases for passage to cyclones.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking unit where oil and steam are mixed with regenerated catalyst the individual and combined improvements: (1) extending the oil-steam line into the riser reactor at least to a point where the axis of the riser is intersected by an imaginery extension of the inside diameter of the catalyst standpipe and (2) installation of a plurality of purge gas points beneath the regenerator slide valve in the catalyst standpipe.

Abstract: An improved process for converting hydrocarbons using a catalyst which is periodically regenerated to remove carbonaceous deposits, the catalyst being comprised of a mixture containing, as a major component, solid particles capable of promoting hydrocarbon conversion at hydrocarbon conversion conditions, and, as a minor component, discrete entities comprising at least one spinel, preferably alkaline earth metal-containing spinel, and a minor amount of at least one added component selected from the group consisting of alkali metal components, calcium components, barium components, strontium components, beryllium components and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of feeding a mixture of fluidized solids, such as cracking catalyst, and a fluidized feed material to be contacted therewith, such as a hydrocarbon feedstock to be cracked, into a contacting zone. In another aspect, method and apparatus useful in starting up a catalytic cracking unit are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved heat balanced hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed of the type employing circulating solids between a riser reactor (contactor) and regenerator (combustor). The ratio of circulating solid to hydrocarbon feed (C/O or cat-oil ratio) is increased by: directly cooling a portion of hot freshly regenerated contact material; passing a portion of hot regenerated material into the steam stripper; cooling hot regenerated contact material and charging it to the riser downstream of charging uncooled hot regenerated material which charging hydrocarbon feed to the bese of the riser along with lift gas or steam; or lifting hot regenerated contact material by a carbonizable lift gas into the riser before contacting it with hydrocarbon feed which is injected higher in the riser.

Abstract: Catalyst/oil mixing in a catalytic cracking unit can be effected at approximately right angles by introducing the liquid oil axially into the mouth of the riser and bringing the catalyst radially inwardly into the mouth of the riser from substantially the entire circumference thereof.

Abstract: A method for restoring the catalytic activity of solid particles using an improved apparatus for separating solid particles from vapor is disclosed. The apparatus includes a novel inlet system, a novel particle outlet system and a chamber having novel dimensional relationships which result in an apparatus that separates solid particles from vapor with less attrition, or "break-up" of particulate matter, while maintaining a high separation efficiency at high loading conditions, e.g., the apparatus maintains a tangential wall velocity of less than about 50 feet per second and separates, from a mixture of solid particles and vapor, more than about 95% of the solid particles that are larger than about 20 microns in diameter while processing more than about 200 cubic feet of the mixture per second.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of apparatus is provided for catalytically cracking liquid hydrocarbons to form gaseous and liquid fuel products and effect regeneration of the used catalyst particles whereby means are provided which improve separation of formed suspensions in a substantially reduced time frame and combustion of substantial hydrocarbonaceous deposits is accomplished under restricted temperature conditions contributing to catalyst life in a two stage catalyst regeneration operation of restricted elevation. The apparatus combination of the present invention is preferably of low vertical profile by restricting the vertical length of the riser contact zone in one embodiment by providing a substantial horizontal section thereof in a downstream portion of the riser.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the flow of catalyst particles from a riser conversion zone to a separator in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The exit of the riser conversion zone is equipped with a deflector mounted so as to redirect catalyst particle and gas suspension movement toward a separator inlet, thus preventing rebound back into the riser conversion zone. The catalyst deflector, in other embodiments, can be combined with one or more of a short contact time stripper, a stripper mount in or adjacent the exhaust barrel of a separator, and/or a catalyst seal pot, all serving to reduce "residence" time of hydrocarbons with catalyst particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process and associated apparatus for limiting the vertical mixing of catalyst in a fluidized catalyst regenerator so that spent catalyst entering the regenerator will remain at the top of the fluidized bed for a longer period of time. This is accomplished by employing a generally horizontally placed baffle device located between 2 ft.-4 ft. below the catalyst bed level in the regenerator.

Abstract: In a process apparatus for the regeneration of fluid cracking catalyst, the catalyst is cooled in an exchanger mounted to the lower side of the regenerator and cool catalyst is returned to the regenerator by means of gas lift.

Abstract: A novel FCC method and apparatus, wherein a fresh hydrocarbon feed of relatively poor crackability is fed to one riser of a two riser system. The spent catalyst from the other of the two risers is fed to the inlet of the first riser to produce relatively mild cracking conditions. Improved total gasoline plus distillate yields are achieved. The novel two riser system facilitates heat balancing of the system.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the method of regenerating the fluidizable, catalytic, particulate solids in the regenerator section of an FCC process, and RCC process or a metals removal system or "ART" type process. It is directed to the use of a conduit means for charging fluidizing gaseous material to a vertical cylindrical vessel for cooling fluidizable particulate solids flowing through said vertical cylindrical vessel, which conduit means comprises a horizontal header means having suspended therefrom a plurality of vertical and horizontally spaced apart conduits, each conduit having near its open end a restriction orifice. The header means is located near the top of the cylindrical cooling vessel. One portion of the vertical conduits has lower ends located in the upper half of the vessel and a second portion of the vertical conduits has lower ends located in a lower half of the vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the stripping of hydrocarbons from catalyst particles in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. A stripper vessel has catalyst particles entering at one end and stripped catalyst particles exiting at another end. While passing through the stripper, the catalyst particles are exposed to a stripping gas, in a preferred embodiment steam, at each stage. A baffle and conduit system is provided, such that after exposure to only a portion of catalyst contained above the steam injection location in the stripper, the stripping gas and any stripped hydrocarbons are removed from any further substantial catalyst contact. The short contact time (SCT) stripper, in other embodiments, can be combined with one or more of a riser conversion zone deflector, a stripper mount in or adjacent the exhaust barrel of a separator, and/or a catalyst seal pot, all serving to reduce "residence" time of hydrocarbons with catalyst particles.

Abstract: A three stage catalytic cracking process capable of converting high molecular weight hydrocarbons containing catalyst poisons into products of lower molecular weight by cascading catalyst from a fluid catalytic cracking unit to a reduced crude conversion unit to a metals removal unit is disclosed. Efficiencies in conversion operations are made possible.

Abstract: A method for catalytically cracking different fractions of crude oil with a zeolite containing catalyst in separate riser regeneration zone followed by sequential regeneration of catalyst particles in separate riser regeneration zones is described wherein the hydrocarbon vapor-catalyst suspension of hydrocarbon conversion is discharged downwardly from a half circle centrifugal separation conduit comprising the riser upper discharge section, second stage riser regeneration of catalyst is discharged downwardly from a half circle centrifugal separation section into the top of a high temperature catalyst recovery zone provided with cyclone separation zones external thereto. The first stage upflow riser regeneration zone is effected with oxygen lean gas and steam in an amount equal to, more or less, than the oxygen containing gas whereby the regeneration temperature is restricted from exceeding a desired upper temperature limit with or without promoting the water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: An improved Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process wherein vaporization of oil feed is optimized prior to catalytic cracking. A draft tube mixer placed in the lower reactor riser splits the hot regenerated catalyst flow into two streams resulting in improved riser mixing of catalyst and oil.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the cooling of hot fluidized solid particles such as catalyst of an FCC petroleum refining process. The particles flow downward from a first dense phase fluidized bed into a cooling chamber and contact the shell side of a vertically oriented shell and tube heat exchanger where cooling occurs via indirect heat exchange with a cooling medium circulating in the tubes. The extent of cooling is controlled by the varying of the heat transfer coefficient between the tubes and particles in the heat exchanger. The coefficient is varied by changing the quantity of fluidizing gas fed to the fluidized bed in the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is located within a lower portion of the cooling chamber totally below the particle inlet and outlet conduits. The heat exchanger can therefore be removed from service and protected by being buried under unfluidized relatively cool catalyst. The fluidizing gas supports combustion within a lower combustion zone.

Abstract: A method for increasing the overall efficiency of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) with crystalline zeolitic catalysts is disclosed. Separated or spend cracking catalyst after reaction with hydrocarbonaceous material is first stripped and then subjected to an additional period of time in the presence of steam in the dense phase before the catalyst is returned to a regenerator. In a preferred form the spent catalyst after normal steam stripping is subjected to an additional period from 1/2 to 30 minutes at elevated temperature. This time is from 6 to 900 times the reaction time of the catalyst and hydrocarbonaceous mixture in an FCC reactor riser pipe. Such additional steam exposure allows the stripped spent catalyst to react with the steam to produce one or more significant benefits in FCC operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating regenerated catalyst from gaseous combustion products within a regenerator. The apparatus comprises a downcomer within the regenerator vessel through which the catalyst and gaseous combustion products flow. Means are provided at the lower end of the downcomer for utilizing the momentum of the catalyst particles to separate them from the gaseous combustion products.

Abstract: A process for the clean-up of particulate containing gases is provided wherein a difference in pressures between the pressure of particulate-containing gases in the inlet to cyclone separation means and the pressure in an underflow exit is maintained and controlled. In a preferred embodiment, the particulate-containing gases comprise flue gas from a catalyst regeneration process comprising two separate regeneration zones comprising a low temperature regeneration zone followed by a higher temperature regeneration zone. A CO rich flue gas is recovered from the low temperature regeneration zone and a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is recovered from the higher temperature regeneration zone. The high temperature CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is passed through a heat exchanger to produce steam and cool the CO.sub.2 rich flue gas. The cooled CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is passed through cyclone separators to capture catalyst particles.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially those high in Ramsbottom carbon, are vaporized by contact with a relatively inactive coked cracking catalyst, separating the resulting intermediate into a high and low boiling fraction, and cracking the high boiling fraction in a fluid catalytic cracker containing active cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of a hydrocarbon oil feed having a significant content of vanadium to provide a higher grade of oil products by contacting the feed under treatment conditions in a treatment zone with sorbent material containing a metal additive to immobilize vanadium compounds. Treatment conditions are such that coke and vanadium are deposited on the sorbent in the treatment zone. Coked sorbent is regenerated in the presence of an oxygen containing gas at a temperature sufficient to remove the coke, and regenerated sorbent is recycled to the treatment zone for contact with fresh feed. The metal additive is present on the sorbent in an amount sufficient to immobilize the vanadium compounds in the presence of oxygen containing gas at the sorbent regeneration temperature. A sorbent composition disclosed comprises a kaolin clay containing the metal additive, which may be introduced into the clay during the treatment process or during sorbent manufacture.

Abstract: A fast fluidized bed regenerator of an FCC apparatus is improved by incorporating into the regenerator an internal riser, for more complete combustion of coke, and by providing a means of preventing catalyst flow reversals between the spent and regenerated beds of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for converting normally liquid hydrocarbons with an active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises:(a) passing a suspension of hot regenerated active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a lift gas comprising hydrocarbons including not more than 10 mole % C.sub.3 and heavier hydrocarbons through a horizontally oriented lower portion of a riser conversion zone at a velocity of from about 1.8 to less than 12.2 meters per second, and for a residence time from about 0.5 to about 15 seconds, the ratio of catalyst to hydrocarbon in said lift gas being greater than 80; and(b) introducing the normally liquid hydrocarbons into the upflowing suspension at a vertically orientated locus in the riser conversion zone downstream of the lower portion to form a catalyst-hydrocarbon mixture wherein the temperature and residence time are sufficient to effect the desired conversion.The process is particularly useful for the treatment of a heavy residual feedstock.

Abstract: A process for converting a charge stock comprising normally liquid hydrocarbons in a riser conversion zone with an active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst wherein a suspension of hot regenerated active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a lift gas comprising hydrocarbons including not more than 10 mole % C.sub.3 and heavier hydrocarbons (calculated on a water-free basis) is passed through a first treatment section of the riser conversion zone at conditions selected to treat the catalyst prior to any contact with the charge stock while simultaneously accelerating the catalyst to a velocity sufficient to provide turbulent dilute flow at the point of contact with the charge stock; thereafter a charge stock is introduced into the suspension of treated particles in the riser conversion zone downstream of the treatment section to form a mixture of catalyst, charge stock and lift gas having the catalyst relatively uniformly distributed therethrough.

Abstract: A method for improving fluidization of a particulate material flowing through a fluid conductor is provided by controlling the rate of addition of fluid, such as aerating gas or steam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the conduit. The composition and rate of flow of the fluidized particles, is controlled by positioning a source of penetrative radiation such as neutrons, gamma rays, or X-rays at any location along the conduit so that the radiation traverses the fluidized particulate material flowing therein. A radiation detector is positioned opposite the source so that radiation absorbed in the conduit by the fluidized mixture may be measured as an electrical quantity. This electrical quantity may represent the total number of gamma rays of a preselected energy interacting with a detector in a given time interval or the average number of all gamma rays generating electrical pulses by interaction with the radiation detector.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas by the steps comprising:(a) contacting said gas with an acceptor at acceptance conditions which reacts with and retains said sulfur oxides, said acceptor comprising calcium oxide deposited on an aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide support so as to provide essentially a single complete monolayer of calcium on said support, and (b) removing said retained sulfur oxides from the acceptor by contacting the acceptor with a reducing gas comprising hydrogen at reduction conditions.The process has particular utility in the FCC process in which the acceptor may be circulated with the FCC catalyst.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process comprising admixing a hydrocarbon oil feed with hot regenerated catalyst in the bottom section of a reactor riser, passing the mixture of the hydrocarbon oil feed and the catalyst through the riser, thereby at least partially volatilizing the oil feed and effecting cracking thereof at the process temperature under endothermic process conditions and deactivating the catalyst by deposition of carbonaceous deposits thereon, separating the deactivated catalyst from the cracked hydrocarbonaceous feed, passing the deactivated catalyst to a regenerator vessel wherein the carbonaceous deposits are removed from the deactivated catalyst under exothermic process conditions by means of a regenerating medium introduced into the regenerator vessel, and passing the regenerated hot catalyst substantially above process cracking temperature to the bottom section of the reactor riser; the improvement comprisingcontinuously injecting liquid oil feed into a primary mixing zone in a venturi tu

Abstract: A fluid catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process and apparatus in which hot freshly regenerated catalyst is contacted with hydrocarbon feedstock in a gravity flow catalytic reactor. Spent catalyst from the reactor is separated from reactants in a ballistic separator and completely regenerated in a riser regenerator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The output of a reactor riser zone is fed to a riser cyclone separator, a primary cyclone separator, and secondary cyclone separators, connected in series within a single reactor vessel. The riser cyclone separator is connected to the primary cyclone separator by a conduit, which prevents random post-riser thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons after they exit the riser cyclone separator. The conduit contains an annular port to allow stripping gas to enter the conduit to improve the separation of hydrocarbons from catalyst. Catalyst separated in the riser cyclone separator drops through a riser cyclone dipleg and passes through a dipleg seal which comprises a seal pot or catalyst held around the dipleg. The conduit is formed by two overlapping parts, one having a larger diameter than the other to form the annular port and packing or spacers may be used to align and space the overlapping parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a baffle arrangement that improves separation of gaseous hydrocarbon reaction products from catalyst within the reactor vessel of a fluidized catalytic cracker unit. The catalytic reactor vessel includes an outer generally cylindrical shell having a stripping zone arranged at the lower end of the vessel. An inlet riser conduit forming a primary reaction zone extends generally within the shell from the lower end of the vessel to a location near the top of the vessel. A shroud surrounds the upper end of the riser conduit and forms an annular outlet for downwardly discharging a mixture of hydrocarbon and catalyst. According to the present invention, an annular catalyst disengaging riser baffle for deflecting the mixture from the outlet toward the wall of the vessel is arranged on the outside of the riser conduit below the annular outlet and above the stripping zone.

Abstract: A process for converting normally liquid hydrocarbons with an active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises:(a) passing an upflowing suspension of hot regenerated active fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a lift gas comprising hydrocarbons including not more than 10 mole % C.sub.3 and heavier hydrocarbons through a lower portion of a vertically orientated riser conversion zone at a velocity of from about 1.8 to less than 12.2 meters per second, and for a residence time from about 0.5 to about 15 seconds, the ratio of catalyst to hydrocarbon in said lift gas being greater than 80; and(b) introducing the normally liquid hydrocarbons into the upflowing suspension at a locus in the riser conversion zone downstream of the lower portion to form a catalyst-hydrocarbon mixture wherein the temperature and residence time are sufficient to effect the desired conversion.The process is particularly useful for the treatment of a heavy residual feedstock.

Abstract: The method and means of this invention comprises discharging a suspension of solids (inert or catalytic) in gasiform material (whether hydrocarbon vapors, combustion product flue gases, stripping gases or combinations thereof) from a riser contact zone through a plurality of radiating confined passageway emanating from the upper discharge periphery of the riser each of which is in tangential communication at the outer end of the confined passageway with a cylinder open in the bottom end thereof. The cylinder is closed at the top except for a coaxially aligned conduit of smaller diameter extending downwardly through said cylinder with its bottom open end terminating adjacent a lower portion of the inlet of the confined passageway.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating regenerated catalyst from gaseous combustion products within a regenerator. The apparatus comprises a downcomer within the regenerator vessel through which the catalyst and gaseous combustion products flow. Means are provided at the lower end of the downcomer for utilizing the momentum of the catalyst particles to separate them from the gaseous combustion products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and sequence of processing steps within an apparatus arrangement comprising two separate fluidized relatively dense catalyst beds undergoing regeneration to remove carbonaceous deposits wherein catalyst particles are circulated between catalyst beds to transfer heat from one bed to another and transfer partially regenerated catalyst from one bed to a second heat generating catalyst bed, said catalyst regeneration system arranged to maintain a desired heat balanced temperature restriction less than 787.degree. C. (1450.degree. F.) and the generation of a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas with utilization thereof to achieve reaction with carbon form carbon monoxide under endothermic reaction temperature conditions.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for fluidized solids systems used in chemical and thermal processes wherein homogeneous, dense, fluidized bed conditions are attained at high superficial gas velocities with reduced back mixing of gases by use of multiple vertically arranged fluidized bed zones interconnected by downcomer conduits extending from the lower portion of an upper bed to the lower portion of a lower bed to provide high solids circulation.