Abstract: A process for removing residual sulfur from a hydrotreated naphtha feedstock is disclosed. The feedstock is contacted with molecular hydrogen under reforming conditions in the presence of a less sulfur sensitive reforming catalyst, thereby converting trace sulfur compounds to H.sub.2 S, and forming a first effluent. The first effluent is contacted with a solid sulfur sorbent, removing the H.sub.2 S and forming a second effluent. The second effluent is contacted with a highly selective reforming catalyst under severe reforming conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrical insulating oil consisting essentially of a oil having a boiling point of not less than 150.degree. C., a viscosity of 2 to 500 centistokes (at 40.degree. C.), a pour point of not more than -35.degree. C., a sulfur content of from more than 5 ppm to not more than 1,000 ppm and an aromatic hydrocarbon content (% C.sub.A) of more than 5%.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing impurities. The hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conditions whereby a portion of the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds are converted to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. A portion of the hydrotreater effluent is then passed to a dewaxing zone and contacted with hydrogen under dewaxing conditions in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst containing a borosilicate molecular sieve on silica-alumina-containing matrix.

Abstract: A process wherein in a hydrofining zone, a sulfur- or nitrogen-containing distillate feed, or feed containing both sulfur and nitrogen, is hydrofined at hydrofining conditions sufficient to convert the sulfur and nitrogen to hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia, respectively, the hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are separated from the hydrofined product, and the hydrofined product contacted in a subsequent zone with hydrogen, or a hydrogen-containing gas over a catalyst which contains elemental iron and one or more alkali- or alkaline-earth metals at reaction conditions sufficient to reduce or restore the color of the hydrofined product. Operation in this manner permits hydrofining of the feed at higher severities, for longer periods, than heretofore possible because the adverse quality of the product reaction mixture normally caused by deterioration of the hydrofiner product at such conditions is remediated by treatment of the hydrofined product over the iron catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in hydrocarbonaceous oil feed comprising at least about 15 wppm organic nitrogen compounds is provided in which the feed is contacted with hydrogen in a substantially sulfur-free environment in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal component, such as palladium, a Y-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a support such as alumina. When the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst decreases, the partially deactivated catalyst is stripped with hydrogen periodically to increase the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks using shaped catalysts is disclosed. When the catalyst is used for diffusion limited reactions, and particularly when it is used for demetalation, shaped catalysts give longer catalyst lifetimes. Preferred shaped include oval and elliptical shapes, with and without bumps.

Abstract: A noble metal-containing zeolitic catalyst having cracking activity and hydrogenation activity is pretreated by contacting the catalyst with a nitrogen-containing compound to decrease the cracking activity of the catalyst followed by treatment with hydrogen to recover the hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. The pretreated catalyst is used in a process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Arsines are removed from gaseous stream, e.g., hydrocarbon or inert gas streams, comprising arsine impurities and also hydrogen sulfide, by contacting these gas streams with a sorbent material comprising copper oxide and zinc oxide. Preferably, the sorbent material is prepared by coprecipitating of hydroxides of copper and zinc and subsequent heating the hydroxides so as to convert the hydroxides to CuO and ZnO. Optionally, aluminum oxide is also present in the sorbent material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for separating and stabilizing a hydrotreater effluent into a stabilized liquid product and a dry gas product. The hydrotreater effluent is expanded in a first expansion drum from a high pressure to an intermediate pressure, evolving both gaseous and liquid phase components. The gaseous phase components are withdrawn as the gas product and the liquid phase components are further processed. The liquid phase components are further expanded in a second expansion drum, evolving further gas products which are compressed, cooled and returned to the first expansion drum. The second expansion drum liquid phase can comprise the liquid product output or can be further treated by an additional expansion stage.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are processed by hydrotreatment over a sepiolite supported metal catalyst, described fuller in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,250, whereby metallic impurities are removed from the oil and its asphaltene content is decreased, and the hydrotreated oil is solvent deasphalted using a propane, butane, pentane, hexane or heptane solvent or mixtures of these to give a deasphalted oil suitable for further treatment, e.g. hydrodesulphurization, and an asphaltic residue.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in a hydrocarbonaceous oil feed is provided in which the feed is contacted with hydrogen in a substantially sulfur-free environment in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal component, such as palladium, deposited on a steamed support such as steamed tungsten oxide composited with alumina.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon material is subjected to mild hydrotreatment, washed, subjected to severe hydrotreatment and washed with only enough water to absorb all of the H.sub.2 S but only a fraction of the NH.sub.3 present in the hydrocarbon material. The effluent streams from each step of this process are segregated so that each may be fed separately to the optimum section of the recovery process. The washed hydrotreated hydrocarbon material is separated from the second effluent stream, and then a vapor phase is separated from the hydrocarbon material in a high pressure separator. The vapor phase is scrubbed with water to form an aqueous solution of NH.sub.3 with only a minor amount of H.sub.2 S (an NH.sub.3 to H.sub.2 S ratio of at least 6:1).

Abstract: A hydrocarbon material is subjected to severe hydrotreatment and washed with only enough water to absorb the bulk of the H.sub.2 S but only a fraction of the NH.sub.3 present in the hydrocarbon material. The washed hydrotreated hydrocarbon material is separated from the water stream, and then a vapor phase is separated from the hydrocarbon material in a high pressure separator. The vapor phase is scrubbed with water to form an aqueous solution of NH.sub.3 which contains only a minor amount of H.sub.2 S (an NH.sub.3 to H.sub.2 S ratio of at least 6:1).

Abstract: A combination process for upgrading hydrocarbon fractions obtained from raw shale oil, oil products of coal processing and select fractions of crude oils comprising sulfur, nitrogen and metal contaminants to produce jet fuel product fractions such as JP4, JP5, JP8 and other turbine-type fuel materials provided. The combination of integrated processing steps involving hydrotreating, acid extraction of basic nitrogen compounds and hydrofining thereof to produce a feed composition suitable for catalytic reforming in the absence of significant hydrocracking whereby jet fuel boiling range material is produced significantly reduces by the combination the hydrogen requirements of the process.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process highly useful in the hydrotreating of black oils or other high sulfur hydrocarbonaceous compounds which require both desulfurization and denitrification is disclosed. An ammonia source, which is preferably a liquid-phase aqueous stream, is admixed with the reaction zone effluent stream upstream of the product separator. This increases the ammonia present in an aqueous phase which is separated from the reaction zone effluent stream and thereby allows the aqueous phase to contain an increased amount of hydrogen sulfide. The inventive concept has advantages such as lowering the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the hydrogen-rich gas recovered from the reaction zone effluent stream and which is recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a short residue by (a) catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percentage RCT reduction is kept between defined limits, followed by (b) solvent deasphalting of the (vacuum or atmospheric) distillation residue of the hydrotreated product.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from an asphalt by (a) catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas producton per percentage RCT reduction is kept between defined limits, followed by (b) solvent deasphalting of the (vacuum or atmospheric) distillation residue of the hydrotreated product.

Abstract: In the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a precipitation asphalt by a two-stage process comprising catalytic hydrotreatment followed by solvent deasphalting and recycle of the separated asphalt to the first stage, the catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction in the first stage is carried out at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- gas production per percent RCT reduction is kept between defined limits.

Abstract: In the preparation of a heavy oil with a low Ramsbottom Carbon Test (RCT) from a short residue by a two-stage process comprising catalytic hydrotreatment followed by solvent deasphalting and recycle of the asphalt to the first stage, the catalytic hydrotreatment for RCT reduction in the first stage is carried out at such severity that the C.sub.4.sup.- production per percent RCT reduction is kept between defined limits.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils, particularly oils which have a high boiling temperature, are treated to remove organic sulphur compounds by subjecting a mixture of a hydrogenating gas, e.g. a gas containing at least 90% v/v hydrogen and is substantially free from carbon oxides, and partially vaporized oil to a hydrogenation reaction over a known hydrogenation catalyst and thereafter passing the resulting liquid/vapor mixture which also contains hydrogen sulphide over zinc oxide, thereby to remove the hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: Coronene deposits are removed from a heat exchange zone disposed in two parallel trains of heat exchangers in a reforming process by reducing the flow of reforming zone effluent in one of the trains of heat exchangers sufficiently to effect condensation of a portion of the reforming zone effluent in said one train of heat exchangers where the coronene is deposited while simultaneously increasing the flow of reforming zone effluent in the second train of heat exchangers. Control means are provided in each of the heat exchange trains.

Abstract: Demetallized oils such as deasphalted or catalytically demetallized residua are upgraded as catalytic cracking feedstock by contact with a denitrogenation catalyst having at least 80 percent of its pore volume in pores less than 50 Angstroms in diameter.

Abstract: Coronene deposits are removed from a heat exchange zone of a reforming process by operating the reforming zone at conditions such that at least a portion of the reformer effluent condenses in the heat exchange zone where the coronene deposit occurs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously converting a heavy oil into an asphaltene-metal-free oil by hydrotreating said heavy oil to crack asphaltenes selectively and remove heavy metals such as vanadium and nickel from said heavy oil simultaneously (hereinafter briefly referred to as "removal of metals"), separating the liquid products into a light fraction of an asphaltene-free and metal-free oil and a heavy fraction of an asphaltene and heavy metal-containing oil (hereinafter referred to as a "heavy fraction"), recovering said light fraction as a product, and recycling said heavy fraction to said hydrotreating step.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cut is purified by contact with a solid adsorption resin consisting of a porous polycondensate or cross-linked copolymer comprising pyridyl or hydroxy groups and having pores essentially in the range of 6 to 300 Angstroms.

Abstract: A staged hydrocarbon hydroconversion process is provided in which a portion of the product boiling up to an atmospheric pressure distillation cut point of about 1050.degree. F. is removed between the stages and in which the first stage is operated at lower severity than the second stage.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for upgrading a hydrodesulfurized hydrocarbonaceous oil by extracting residual nitrogen-containing impurities from a sulfur-reduced oil. A furfural solution containing a minor amount of ferric chloride is contacted with the oil under liquid-liquid extracting conditions, including a 0 to 50.degree. C. temperature and an 0.1-5 solution-to-oil volume ratio.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating petroleum fractions wherein a hydrogen-rich gas stream passed through the reaction zone on a once-through basis is obtained by passing a hydrogen-containing feed gas stream through an absorber which removes light paraffins. The gas separated from the reaction zone effluent by partial condensation is passed into a stripper as the stripping media used to remove these same light paraffins from the liquid used in the absorber.

Abstract: Processes for the treating of sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks employing alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and mixtures thereof are disclosed. Specifically, processes for hydrotreating feedstocks which have been previously partially desulfurized using conventional hydrodesulfurization catalysts by contacting such feedstocks with alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the products of such a treatment are employed as feeds for catalytic cracking processes. In addition, processes for the combined hydrotreating and hydroconversion of various sulfur-containing petroleum oil feeds are disclosed, employing at least two hydroconversion agents selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds, in the presence of added hydrogen, and at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Low concentrations of Group VIB metal salts of fatty acids will catalyze the hydroconversion of sulfur-containing heavy petroleum oils producing a lighter oil fraction having a lower sulfur concentration than the heavy oil and a tar fraction containing a higher sulfur concentration than the heavy oil. Catalyst concentrations of 300 to 1,000 ppm, calculated as the elemental metal, are used. Molybdenum octoate is a preferred catalyst. This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 400,866, filed Sept. 26, 1973, and now abandoned.

Abstract: A pyrolysis gasoline, containing dienes and mercaptan sulphur is hydrotreated in a first stage in the presence of a non-noble metal catalyst under conditions primarily designed to effect mercaptan sulphur reduction, rather than diene reduction, followed by hydrotreating in a second stage in the presence of a noble metal catalyst to effect the desired reduction in diene value. The two stage treatment results in a stable pyrolysis gasoline product free of excessive polymer requiring no re-distillation, with "doctor sweet" quality, with the treatment being effected at higher space velocities and lower temperatures than those normally employed.

Abstract: A process for the production of lubricating oils from petroleum stocks containing significant quantities of sulfur and lubricating oil components boiling above about 650.degree. F. (343.degree. C.) by subjecting such stocks to a series of steps comprising hydrodesulfurization, fractionation, and solvent extraction. The residual fraction obtained from the fractionation step may be deasphalted prior to solvent extraction.

Abstract: A process comprising passing a first stream comprising residual oil and hydrogen downwardly through a zone containing hydrodesulfurization catalyst under hydrodesulfurization conditions until said catalyst is deactivated. Subsequently, passing a second stream of residual oil and hydrogen upwardly through the deactivated hydrodesulfurization catalyst under thermal cracking conditions, including a temperature above the hydrodesulfurization temperature.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for the preparation of insulating oil having good oxidation stability, electric characteristics and resistance to copper corrosion which comprises subjecting a distillate (stock) within a temperature range from 250.degree. to 400.degree. C. in terms of the boiling point at atmospheric pressure to solvent refining to a desulfurization from 30 to 75% by weight to give a raffinate, said distillate having been obtained either by distillation at atmospheric pressure of a paraffin- or mixture-base crude oil and/or by distillation under reduced pressure of a residual oil from the atmospheric pressure distillation, subjecting said raffinate to hydrogenating refining to a desulfurization from 40 to 90% by weight and subjecting the refined product to solvent dewaxing, and if necessary, subsequently subjecting the dewaxed product to clay treatment to a sulfur content of the final product from 0.1 to 0.35% by weight.

Abstract: Lubricating oils are prepared by a sequence of steps comprising hydrorefining, fractionation and blending.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of hydrocarbon material by contacting, e.g., heating, the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material with at least one hydrocarbon hydrogen donor component capable of transferring hydrogen under conditions such that hydrogen transfer from said component to the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material occurs to form hydrogen sulfide, oxidizing at least a portion of the remaining sulfur impurities contained in the hydrocarbon material and recovering a hydrocarbon material of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: Gasoline product of cracking desulfurized with a selective desulfurizing catalyst by processing particularly a high boiling portion thereof to minimize hydrogenation of desired olefins in the gasoline product of cracking.