Abstract: A process for significantly decreasing processing time, reducing capital costs, increasing yield, improving quality, and improving the safety of refining petroleum residues and sludges generated by the oil producers, refineries and re-refiners comprising the steps of heating under vacuum the petroleum residues and sludges with steam or inert gas injection or both until a temperature ranging from between 680.degree. F. to 1000.degree. F. is attained and holding the mixture at this temperature for a short residence time of from less than an hour to abut 6 hours while vacuum and sparging are being carried out to generate asphalt. Volatile products are condensed to produce fuel, waxy oil and can be further processed to produce refined fuel, wax and dewaxed oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of wax for food applications, which wax has a congealing point of more than 65.degree. C. and a Saybolt color of more than +25, which wax is obtainable by subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment. The present invention further relates a process for the preparation of a wax which comprises subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment.

Abstract: A process for recovery of solid and reusable urea from the urea adduction process. Refinery streams are subjected to a step of urea adduction for removal of unwanted branched products, aromatics and sulphur. The adduct is purified, dried and then subjected to the step of mechanical shearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower, unsaturated alcohols, their preparation, their use as flow-improving agents for paraffin-containing oils, and oils which contain such copolymers.The invention also relates to the use of known copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with polyoxyalkylene ethers of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol as flow-improving agents for paraffin-containing oils.

Abstract: The invention decloses a method for dewaxing a hydrocarbon oil which comprises adding an oil-soluble poly C.sub.18 -C.sub.22 alkylmethacrylate having a molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 2,000,000 daltons to a hydrocarbon oil containing wax; cooling the oil to allow wax crystals to form, separating the wax crystals from the oil and recovering a dewaxed oil.

Abstract: By this invention there is provided a catalyst composition comprising a Group IVB oxide, an amorphous silica-alumina support having dispersed thereon a rare earth oxide, which as herein used also includes yttrium oxide, and a metal(s) selected from the group consisting of Group VIII noble metal(s), mixtures of Group VIII noble metal(s) and tin, mixtures of Group VIII noble metal(s) and rhenium, and mixtures of Group VIII noble metal(s), tin and rhenium. The amorphous silica-alumina support contains at least about 50% silica by weight. The catalyst can function as a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in reactions where platinum on halided (Cl,F)-alumina is typically used.

Abstract: A wax craft product which comprises a bendable extruded rod of wax having a textured surface is provided. The textured surface enables the rod of wax to adhere to itself and to other surfaces when the rod of wax is pressed into contact with itself and other surfaces. The wax comprises petroleum-derived paraffins, microcrystalline waxes, and hydrocarbon resins. In an alternative embodiment, the wax craft product comprises a bendable extruded rod of wax having a coating which has adhesive properties. In this embodiment, the adhesive coating enables the rod of wax to adhere to itself and to other surfaces when the rod of wax is pressed into contact with itself and other surfaces. As with the textured rod of wax, the wax comprises petroleum-derived paraffins, microcrystalline waxes, and hydrocarbon resins.

Abstract: Charge waxy hydrocarbon is converted to lube oil base stock by hydrotreating in the presence of catalyst characterized by its ability to convert a waxy hydrocarbon distillate of high pour point to a hydrocarbon product of reduced pour point and high viscosity index, suitable for use as a lube oil base stock, which comprises a support containing about 2-50 w % silica and 50-98 w % alumina, bearing 2-10 w % of a non-noble Group VIII metal, as metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, about 8-20 w % of a Group VI-B metal, as metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, less than 0.5% halogen; and 0-2 w % of phosphorus, the atom ratio of Group VIII metal to Group VI-B metal being about 0.3-2:1, said catalyst being characterized by a micropore mode of about 60-130 .ANG. diameter, a Total Surface Area of about 150-300 m.sup.2 /g, a Total Pore Volume of about 0.45-0.9 cc/g and a Pore Volume of pores with pore diameter >500 .ANG. of about 0.02-0.25 cc/g.

Abstract: A process for a shape selective hydrocarbon conversion such as toluene disproportionation, involves contacting a reaction stream under conversion conditions with a catalytic molecular sieve which has been preselectivated by agglomerating with an organosilicon compound. The invention also includes a method for agglomeration-preselectivation and the shape selective catalyst which results from the agglomeration preselectivation.

Abstract: The isomerization activity of hydroisomerization catalyst is recovered by subjecting the catalyst to a wash using light aromatic solvents at elevated temperature, e.g. toluene at 300.degree. C. This hot aromatic solvent wash may be preceded by a hot hydrogen containing gas strip. Catalyst activity can be maintained by the continuous or periodic addition of light aromatic solvent or light aromatic containing materials to the feeds sent to the isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lube boiling range stock of high Pour Point may be catalytically hydrotreated to yield a product of high viscosity index and reduced Pour Point which is suitable as a lube base oil.

Abstract: A novel, high porosity, high surface area catalyst is disclosed which is useful in wax isomerization processes, especially for the production of high viscosity index, low pour point lubricating oil base stocks or blending stocks. The catalyst contains a catalytically active metal component selected from the group consisting of Group VIB and Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, preferably Group VIII metals, and mixtures thereof, more preferably noble Group VIII metals and mixtures thereof, most preferably platinum which catalytically active metal component is present in the range of about 0.01 to 5.0 wt %, and a fluorine content in the range of about 0.01 to about 10.0. The catalyst employs a refractory metal oxide support material, one preferably predominantly (i.e., at least 50 wt %) alumina, most preferably completely alumina, e.g., gamma or eta alumina. The finished catalyst has a porosity, expressed in terms of pore volume, of at least about 0.

Abstract: A method of treating blocks of waste paraffin wax entailing initially subdividing the wax into particles less than one cubic inch in size, and preferably in elongated string or rod form, then intimately mixing the particles with a viscous hydrocarbon liquid in a first mixing zone by agitation. The mixture is passed through a centrifugal pump where further mixing and further comminution of the wax particles occurs as a result of cavitation and pump impeller impact. A slurry of wax in hydrocarbon is discharged from the centrifugal pump and recycled at least once back through the first mixing zone and then back to the pump.

Abstract: A producing method of fractionated wax products characterized in that it comprises the steps of preparing as a raw material, solid wax, more particularly, low molecular weight polyolefine wax which is a byproduct when manufacturing polyolefine polymer and which is formed into flakes or pellets whose areas in contact with a solvent are large, bringing the raw material into contact with the solvent for dissolving the raw wax at temperatures lower than a melting point thereof, while increasing the temperature by degrees, and separating a solution containing extracted wax from the raw wax at each temperature so as to remove the solvent from the solution. The resulting wax products have a melting peak point within a range of 40.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., crystal melting heat of 100J/g or more, and a range of melting points of 40.degree. C. to 5.degree. C., when measured by the DSC.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of this invention transforms naturally occurring or synthetic waxes into a state characterized by the fact that when the waxes solidify, they do so in forms different from those forms into which they would solidify except for the transformation. The transformation is achieved by subjecting the waxes to force. As examples of apparatuses which can supply the force to effect the transformation, a piston apparatus and an ultrasonic apparatus are disclosed. The triglyceride waxes are one type of wax which may be transformed by the method and apparatus of this invention. Transformed triglyceride waxes form superior shells when the waxes are used in an encapsulation process.

Abstract: The method involves removing wax from a substrate using a non-chlorinated solvent process. The substrate is dipped in a hot wax bath or heated in an oven to remove substantially all of the wax. The substrate is then submerged in either a single or a series of hot mineral oil baths to remove any remaining wax. The oil is then removed by a semi-aqueous or light organic cleaner. The semi-aqueous cleaner is subsequently removed in an alkaline-base cleaner bath. Following the alkaline-base cleaner is a cleansing with a rinsing solution preferably a countercurrent series of rinses. Finally, the substrate is dried.

Abstract: Heavy intermediate petroleum wax is separated into two fractions in a wiped film evaporator to provide a lower boiling fraction of narrow melting range particularly suitable for use in hot melt adhesive formulations.

Abstract: Mixtures of C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 n-paraffins with paraffinsulfonic acids having the same number of carbon atoms, water and sulfuric acid, and obtained by sulfoxidation of said paraffins with sulfur dioxide and oxygen in the presence of water and ultraviolet radiation are stripped of their excess sulfur dioxide and decanted to separate most of the paraffins, and obtain a residual mixture.The residual mixture is fed with sulfuric acid until a two-phase system forms or at least until the mixture becomes turbid, and the turbid mixture or that floating on the heavy water-sulfuric acid phase is extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, which removes with it the paraffins, which can be reused in the sulfoxidation process.

Abstract: A process for producing a pumpable syncrude from a Fischer-Tropsch wax by fractionating the wax into relatively low boiling fraction containing oxygenate compounds and a relatively high boiling fraction which is substantially free of oxygenate compounds and thereafter isomerizing/hydrocracking the low boiling fraction in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst. The preferred Group VIII metal is platinum.The pumpable syncrude is thereafter fractionated to produce a low boiling fraction which is thereafter isomerized/hydrocracked in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst to produce upgraded middle distillate fuel products. The preferred catalyst for middle distillate production is a fluorided platinum-on-alumina catalyst where a major portion of the fluoride within the catalyst is present as aluminum fluoride hydroxide hydrate.

Abstract: In preparing alkanesolfonic acids by sulfoxidation of n-paraffins containing between 12 and 18 carbon atoms, using ultraviolet radiation to initiate the reaction (light-water process), a mixture is obtained which spontaneously allows a substantial part of the unconverted n-paraffins to phase separate from a phase containing the remainder of the reaction mixture containing the alkanesulfonic acids together with water, sulfuric acid and n-paraffins.The remainder of the mixture is fed with one or more alcohols having four or less than four carbon atoms, preferably isopropanol, to form a two-phase mixture.The two-phase mixture is extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, which extracts the n-paraffins, these being recycled to the sulfoxidation process.The paraffin-free product is suitable for preparing alkane-sulfonates of the desired type by neutralization with suitable bases.

Abstract: A method of producing high quality, homogenous asphalt comprising the steps of mixing and heating a hydrocarbon feedstock not normally suited for asphalt production with elemental sulfur and agitating the resulting mixture. A halide catalyst may be added to the mixture to promote the reaction of the hydrocarbon feedstock with the sulfur. If desired, the agitated mixture may be air blown in any conventional manner to increase its hardness.

Abstract: Process for the extractive production of valuable, natural waxes from fossil and/or freshly grown vegetable and/or animal starting material by extraction of the starting material in an extraction stage with a physiologically unobjectionable gas at supercritical pressure and temperature conditions, separation of the extract-containing gas in a separator part by pressure reduction and/or temperature change, periodical or continuous withdrawal of the extract and return of the separated gas to the extraction stage.

Abstract: A novel powdered wax is provided which is especially adapted for use as a polishing agent for tablets and as a substrate for print carried by such tablets. A method for forming such powdered wax is also provided which includes the steps of milling pieces of wax with dry ice and then allowing the dry ice to evaporate while maintaining the milled wax at cool temperatures to prevent clumping.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method for treating clay materials to prepare a super-active catalyst for use in catalytic conversion of organic materials such as, for example, hydrocarbon compounds, heavy crude petroleum stock and kerogen, wherein when a clay material is contacted with a solution containing cations selected from the group consisting of transition metal ions, aluminum ions, hydrogen ions, ions of metals from Group IIB of the Periodic Table of Elements and a combination thereof with each other, the clay material is in the raw state and maintained at a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C prior to and during the contacting with said solution and thereafter heating said exchanged clay material to a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C but not exceeding about 250.degree. C in the presence of air and/or organic material which is to be catalytically converted.

Abstract: Slurrying of water-wet wax particles in liquid hydrocarbon carrier is improved by introducing the water wet particles in a rotating perforated cylinder, e.g., screen, immersed in a flowing stream of liquid carrier above a settling chamber. The flow rates of the liquid carrier and the water-wet particles are controlled to give desired water separation and slurry concentrations for subsequent pipelining. The water falls to the bottom of the settling chamber for removal.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon mixtures (e.g. "waxy" crude oils) are transported as a slurry by first fractionating the mixture into at least a relatively low pour point fraction and a relatively high pour point fraction. Thereafter, the high pour point fraction is congealed by dispersing it as particles into the bottom of a tower having a continuous stream of water flowing countercurrent to the dispersed fraction and wherein the water in at least the upper portion of the tower is at a temperature sufficient to congeal the dispersed particles. The particles pass upwardly through the tower and through an interface within the tower, the interface being the juncture of water and the low pour point fraction being introduced into the top portion of the tower. A portion of the resulting slurry is withdrawn and transported in a conduit at temperatures below those which bring about solution of the congealed particles in the low pour point fraction.

Abstract: A wax craft product which comprises a bendable extruded rod of wax having a textured surface is provided. The textured surface enables the rod of wax to adhere to itself and to other surfaces when the rod of wax is pressed into contact with itself and other surfaces. The wax comprises petroleum-derived paraffins, microcrystalline waxes, and hydrocarbon resins. In an alternative embodiment, the wax craft product comprises a bendable extruded rod of wax having a coating which has adhesive properties. In this embodiment, the adhesive coating enables the rod of wax to adhere to itself and to other surfaces when the rod of wax is pressed into contact with itself and other surfaces. As with the textured rod of wax, the wax comprises petroleum-derived paraffins, microcrystalline waxes, and hydrocarbon resins.