Abstract: At least one decomposable compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the metals of Group IIB and Group IIIB of the Periodic Table is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such decomposable compound is then contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica-alumina and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The introduction of the decomposable compound may be commenced when the catalyst is new, partially deactivated or spent with a beneficial result occurring in each case.

Abstract: Self-promoted molybdenum and tungsten sulfide hydrotreating catalysts are prepared by heating one or more water soluble catalyst precursors in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. The precursors will be one or more compounds of the formula ML(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y O.sub.4) wherein M is one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting essentially of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and wherein L is a nitrogen containing, neutral multidentate, chelating ligand. In a preferred embodiment the ligand L will comprise one or more chelating alkyl di or triamines and the non-oxidizing atmosphere will comprise H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: A process wherein a feed comprising a nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon compound, or compound containing a carbon-nitrogen bond, is contacted in the presence of hydrogen over an iron catalyst at reaction conditions sufficient to cleave said carbon-nitrogen bond and denitrogenate said nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon compound, or compounds. An aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbons, containing at least one aryl carbon-nitrogen bond, or feedstock containing such hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbons, is contacted with hydrogen, preferably over a fused iron catalyst, at reaction conditions sufficient to cleave the aryl carbon-nitrogen bond, or bonds, without significant hydrogenation of the aromatic ring portion of the molecule. The aryl carbon-nitrogen bond, or bonds, are cleaved, and the cleavage site, or sites, healed with hydrogen, without saturation of the aromatic ring portion of the molecule to which the nitrogen atom of the parent compound was bonded.

Abstract: Supported, hydroprocessing catalysts comprising a sulfide of (i) trivalent chromium, (ii) Mo, W or mixture thereof and (iii) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn and mixture thereof and mixture thereof with Fe. These catalysts are made by compositing a preselected quantity of support material with a precursor comprising a mixture of (i) hydrated oxide of trivalent chromium and (ii) a salt containing a thiometallate anion of Mo or W and a cation comprising at least one divalent promoter metal chelated by at least one, neutral, nitrogen-containing polydentate ligand and heating the composite in the presence of sulfur and hydrogen in an oxygen-free atmosphere. These catalysts have been found to be useful hydrotreating catalysts having nitrogen removal activity superior to that of commercial catalysts such as sulfided cobalt-molybdate on alumina.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable oxygen containing compound of a Group VIB metal (preferably Mo), a suitable compound of a Group VIII metal (preferably Ni) and phosphorous acid in water, mixing this solution with an alumina containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed stream, which contain nitrogen and sulfur impurities, particularly heavy cycle oils.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by dissolving a suitable molybdenum and oxygen containing compound (preferably MoO.sub.3), a suitable divalent copper and/or manganese compound and a suitable phosphorus and oxygen containing compound (preferably H.sub.3 PO.sub.4) in water, mixing this solution with an alumina-containing support material, and calcining this mixture. This catalyst composition is used primarily for hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feed streams, which contain sulfur, vanadium and nickel impurities, particularly heavy oils.

Abstract: Supported catalysts which are made by shaping catalyst carrier, with or without catalyst precursors, into balls, calcining the balls at 300.degree.-1000.degree. C., and crushing the calcined balls to particles whose average size is 0.2-0.8 times the average diameter of the balls. When the precursors are not present during the manufacture, they are added thereafter.

Abstract: The reaction product of a mercaptoalcohol and a molybdenum compound selected from the group consisting of molybdic acids, alkali metal salts of molybdic acids and ammonium salts of molybdic acids is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such reaction product is then contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --TiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --P.sub.2 O.sub.5, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --BPO.sub.4, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --AlPO.sub.4, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Zr.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.4, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --SnO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --ZnO and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The introduction of the reaction product may be commenced when the catalyst is new, partially deactivated or spent with a beneficial result occuring in each case.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst and process for making same wherein sepiolite is ion exchanged with a Group Ib, IIb, IIb, IVb, Vb, or VIIa metal, impregnated with a VIa metal and exchanged with a magnesium salt with intervening processing steps of calcining. The catalyst composition is useful in removing metals and hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The catalyst can also be mixed with a high silica/alumina ratio zeolite such as sodium ZSM-5 zeolite.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting same, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a self-promoted catalyst formed by heating one or more carbon-containing, bis(tetrathiometallate) catalyst precursor salts selected from the group consisting of (NR.sub.4).sub.2 [M(WS.sub.4).sub.2 ], (NR.sub.4).sub.x [M(MoS.sub.4).sub.2 ] and mixtures thereof wherein R is one or more alkyl groups, aryl groups or mixture thereof, wherein promoter metal M is covalently bound in the anion and is Ni, Co or Fe and wherein x is 2 if M is Ni and x is 3 if M is Co or Fe composite in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the presence of sulfur, hydrogen, and a hydrocarbon to form said supported catalyst.

Abstract: A new active stable catalyst for use in the removal of sulphur, nitrogen, contaminating metals, asphaltenes and Conradson carbon from heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIB of the Periodic Table, a hydrogenation component selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and a phosphorus oxide component as active components all supported on an alumina carrier. The catalyst is made up of a dispersion of the above metals on the surface of the alumina carrier such that, when the catalyst is sulphided under specific conditions, catalytic activities such as hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the conversion of asphaltenes and Conradson carbon are improved.

Abstract: At least one decomposable compound selected from the group consisting of dimanganese decacarbonyl and chromium hexacarbonyl is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon containing feed stream containing such decomposable compound is then contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica-alumina and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The introduction of the decomposable compound may be commenced when the catalyst is new, partially deactivated or spent with a beneficial result occurring in each case.

Abstract: A treated decomposable compound of molybdenum, which has been prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of a decomposable compound of molybdenum, wherein the molybdenum has a valence state greater than zero, or by the treating of the decomposable compound of molybdenum with a reducing agent, is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such treated decomposable compound of molybdenum is then contacted with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica alumina and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIB, Group VIIB, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table to reduce the concentration of metals, sulfur, nitrogen, Ramsbottom carbon residue and/or heavies contained in the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream.

Abstract: A catalyst is prepared by heating the reaction product of CrO.sub.3 and tert-butyl alcohol as catalyst precursor in a hydrocarbon medium in the presence of hydrogen sulfide to convert the catalyst precursor to a solid chromium-containing catalyst. Hydroconversion processes utilizing the catalyst to convert oil, coal, and mixtures thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Hydrotreating with a catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: An absorbent hydrocarbonaceous oil comprising contaminants, such as sulfur and/or nitrogen, is upgraded by subjecting the contaminated absorbent oil to hydrorefining. The upgraded absorbent may be utilized again as absorbent.

Abstract: At least one decomposable molybdenum dithiophosphate compound is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such decomposable molybdenum dithiophosphate compound is then contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica-alumina and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The introduction of the decomposable molybdenum dithiophosphate compound may be commenced when the catalyst is new, partially deactivated or spent with a beneficial result occuring in each case.

Abstract: A method for the regeneration of end-of-cycle catalysts is provided wherein nitrogen and other deleterious poisons are removed prior to hydrogen treatment by passing over the catalyst bed a stripping mixture consisting of an alkyl amine whose basicity is much greater than that of the indigenous nitrogen compounds found in the catalyst.

Abstract: At least one decomposable compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the metals of Group IVB of the Periodic Table is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. The hydrocarbon-containing feed stream containing such decomposable compound is then contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition comprising a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and silica-alumina and a promoter comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table. The introduction of the decomposable compound may be commenced when the catalyst is new, partially deactivated or spent with a beneficial result occuring in each case.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbons uses a catalyst which comprises a carrier and at least one catalytic metal selected from vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, cobalt and/or iron; this catalyst is in the form of a plurality of juxtaposed agglomerates of acicular platelets, oriented radially to each other. It is prepared from agglomerates of activated alumina subjected to reaction with an acid and a compound providing an anion able to combine with aluminum ions in solution.

Abstract: Titanium-containing molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The instant invention employs novel titanium-containing molecular sieves comprising titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen and are generally employable in hydrocarbon conversion processes, including cracking, hydrocracking and hydrotreating.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrotreating catalysts containing Group VIII and/or Group VIB catalytically active metals on a support, and particularly those containing nickel and molybdenum, are improved in hydrodenitrification (HDN) activity by incorporating zero-valence molybdenum and/or tungsten carbonyls into the catalyst support by mixing a liquid mixture containing metal carbonyl(s); a catalytic amount of dienes, trienes or monoaromatics; and free sulfur; with a dried catalyst support and heating the liquid-solid mixture until metal carbonyl conversion to metal disulfide is substantially complete. The catalyst is then dried followed by calcining in inert gas, before use in a hydrotreating process.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon oils is carried out utilizing a catalyst containing active metal components on a porous refractory oxide and having a narrow pore size distribution, with essentially all pores being of diameter greater than about 100 angstroms, with less than about 10 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter greater than 300 angstroms, and with at least about 60 percent of the total pore volume being in pores of diameter from about 180 to about 240 angstroms. The catalyst is particularly useful for removing of contaminant metals from residuum hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrotreating process of a low sulfur-containing hydrocarbon oil involves the addition of sulfur to maintain the catalyst in a sulfided form.

Abstract: A supported carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide catalyst useful for conducting methanation and hydrotreating reactions, principally the latter, can be formed by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formulaB.sub.x [MO.sub.y S.sub.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process wherein composite catalyst particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas. The composition is one which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The particles contain a non-ferromagnetic component, or components, composited with one or a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process with a composition which exhibits high induced magnetism in a small applied magnetic field when formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and which comprises particles containing a nonferromagnetic component, or components, composited with a plurality of elongated ferromagnetic components, randomly oriented and present in each of said particles in relatively low concentration, based on the total volume of the particles; a process for formation of said compositions and a process wherein such composite particles are formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed and contacted with a fluid, preferably gas.

Abstract: A catalytic reforming process for the operation of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. The process utilizes catalyst compositions characterized as a particulate material which can be oriented within, and formed into a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed which comprises: (i) particles of average size ranging from about 10 micrometers (.mu.m) to about 4000 .mu.m, each containing a nonferromagnetic component and a catalytically active component composited with a single elongate ferromagnetic component or plurality of parallelly aligned elongate ferromagnetic components. The ferromagnetic component, or components, are multidomain, having dimensions of at least 1 .mu.m in all directions and a length:diameter (L/D) ratio of at least 2 but not more than 17.3, and the ferromagnetic component, or components, is present in the composite particles as inclusions within a nonferromagnetic matrix constituting at least 0.5%, preferably at least 5%, but not more than 3/2(L/D).sup.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia and is employed in the hydrotreating process to reduce the sulfer and nitrogen content of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A supported carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide catalyst useful for conducting methanation and hydrotreating reactions, principally the latter, can be formed by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formulaB.sub.x [MO.sub.y S.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel highly active, highly selective hydrotreating catalysts. These catalysts are prepared, in bulk or in supported form, by contacting together and decomposing, in the presence of hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and sulfur, a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula B.sub.x [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] where B is an ammonium ion, polyammonium ion, tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, or a hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium ion, hydrocarbyl substituted polyammonium ion, or hydrocarbyl substituted tertiary or quaternary phosphonium ion, x is 1 where B is a divalent cationic moiety, or 2 where B is a monovalent cationic moiety, [Mo.sub.3 S.sub.z ] is a divalent anionic moiety wherein z is an integer ranging from about 10 to about 46. A preferred precursor catalyst species is Mo.sub.3 (S.sub.2).sub.6 S.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: Alumina, silica or silica-alumina containing catalysts are manufactured by incorporating at least one active element selected from the metals of the groups V, VI and VIII or their compounds to a carrier, and then drying and activating. The carrier or the catalyst is shaped into extrudates and the latter are crushed to coarse particles.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are converted into light hydrocarbon oils by two-stage process wherein, in the first stage, a heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to thermal cracking conditions and, in the second stage, the product of the thermal cracking is subjected to a hydrotreatment in the presence of a specific catalyst having a large pore volume in pores with diameters of 200-400 .ANG.. The hydrotreatment is carried out so that the product oil may have a toluene insoluble content of 0.5 wt % or less.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are converted into light hydrocarbon oils by two-stage process wherein, in the first stage, a heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to thermal cracking conditions and, in the second stage, the product of the thermal cracking is subjected to a hydrotreatment in the presence of a specific catalyst including, as a carrier, a clay mineral consisting mainly of magnesium silicate having a double-chain structure such as sepiolite.

Abstract: Sulfur and nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting said feed, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst comprising a carbon-containing sulfide of a catalytic metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and mixture thereof. In a preferred embodiment, these catalysts are promoted with certain transition metal sulfides such as cobalt sulfide. The catalyst may be preformed or formed in-situ in the feed or from catalyst precursor salts.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenation of an organic sulfur compound and/or an organic nitrogen compound is carried out in the presence of a hydrogel derived catalyst comprising zinc titanate and alumina promoted with cobalt and molybdenum.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite containing catalyst support for denitrogenation of oil feedstocks such as shale oil. The denitrogenation catalyst contains an active hydrogenation catalyst component such as a nickel/molybdenum catalyst.

Abstract: Petroleum-derived feedstocks are treated at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of hydrogen and in contact with a bed of porous catalytic particles. In accordance with the invention, each of the catalytic particles is specially shaped as a cylinder of polylobate cross-section having bluntly rounded, concave, interlobular interstices and in conformity with a selected combination of values of three defining parameters. The particle shape is further characterized as being substantially straight-sided and as having a geometric surface-to-volume ratio in the range of about 40 to about 95 in.sup.2 /in.sub.3. When the catalyst particle cross-section is selected to be circumscribed by a rectangle, the shorter side of the rectangle is about 70% as long as the longer side of the rectangle for all preferred combinations of values of the defining radial parameters.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst useful for hydrocracking hydrocarbons to more valuable products comprises one or more hydrogenation components supported on a base containing (1) a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having activity for cracking hydrocarbons and (2) a dispersion of silica-alumina in an alumina matrix.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles which have been contacted with aqueous ammonia.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of an organic nitrogen compound is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising platinum, titanium and a support.

Abstract: A process for producing lower average molecular weight products from heavy liquid hydrocarbons is provided comprising contacting the feed material in the presence of a co-catalyst system comprising a molten salt of sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaAlCl.sub.4) and hydrogen tetrachloroaluminate (HAlCl.sub.4) at a pressure of from about 0.8 to about 140 atm (81 to about 14185 kPa) and a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C.According to the present invention use of the HAlCl.sub.4 as a co-catalyst with NaAlCl.sub.4 results in increased yields of lower average molecular weight products and improved levels of denitrogenation and desulfurization. The elements of the co-catalyst system may be prepared separately and mixed.

Abstract: A process for reducing the molecular weight of hydrocarbons using NaAlCl.sub.4 is provided wherein the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the product slate is approximately the same as the feed material, comprising contacting the feed material with a molten salt of NaAlCl.sub.4 having a ratio of aluminum chloride to sodium chloride of at least 1:1, preferably at a temperature of at least 660.degree. F., and at a pressure above atmospheric, preferably from about 50 psia to about 2000 psia, depending upon the product slate desired. According to the present invention, heavy hydrocarbons are converted to a liquid product slate wherein substantially all of the liquid components exhibit a molecular weight lower than the molecular weight range exhibited by the hydrocarbon feedstock.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst consisting essentially of: (A) an intermediate pore size silicaceous crystalline molecular sieve component substantially free of any catalytic loading metal; and (B) a matrix consisting essentially of (a) a gel selected from silica-alumina, silica-alumina-titania and silica-alumina-zirconia polygels, and (b) a hydrogenating component; and a process using said catalyst.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing feedstream, which also contains metals, sulfur, nitrogen and/or Ramsbottom carbon residue, is contacted in a hydrofining process with a catalyst composition consisting essentially of an alumina support, platinum, and a promoter selected from the group consisting of scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide and oxides of elements of the lanthanide group.

Abstract: A hydrorefining process for heavy hydrocarbonaceous oils, such as gas oils, is initiated by contacting a sulfided hydrorefining catalyst, such as nickel-molybdenum on alumina, with a light hydrocarbonaceous oil boiling in the range of C.sub.5 to 700.degree. F., in the presence of hydrogen, at specified conditions and, thereafter, contacting the catalyst with the heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil to be hydrorefined.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon hydroconversion process is disclosed which comprises:combining the chargestock and a minor, effective amount of at least one molybdenum compound prepared by a method which comprises interacting molybdenum metal with at least one peroxy compound in the presence of at least one saturated alcohol having from one to four carbon atoms per molecule to solubilize at least a portion of the molybdenum metal;contacting the molybdenum compound within the chargestock in the presence of a gas selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen-containing gas, a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, and a gas comprising hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide, at conditions to produce a solid catalyst within the chargestock capable of promoting the hydroconversion of at least a portion of the chargestock;contacting the chargestock containing the catalyst with hydrogen under hydroconversion conditions to hydroconvert at least a portion of the chargestock; andrecovering a hydroconverted hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds are eliminated from a synthetic hydrocarbon oil such as shale oil by partial hydrogenation followed by solvent extraction using a three-component solvent comprising an organic polar solvent, an acid and water. For example, a furfuryl alcohol, hydrochloric acid and water solution will remove the major quantity of the nitrogen compounds from shale oil which remain following the partial hydrogenation of the shale oil.

Abstract: A process of recovering the hydrocarbon values from low organic carbon content deposits comprises the hydrotreating of hydrocarbons from those deposits in the presence of supercritical alkane-containing solvent.