Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion process catalyst comprising an active metallic component comprising at least one metal having hydrocarbon conversion activity and at least one oxygenated phosphorus component, and a support component comprising at least one porous refractory inorganic oxide matrix component and at least one crystalline molecular sieve zeolite component.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalyst, which catalyst comprises a hydrogenation component comprising chromium, molybdenum, and at least one metal of Group VIII, a crystalline molecular sieve zeolite, and a porous refractory inorganic oxide. Suitable molecular sieve zeolites are those having pore diameters of at least 5 .ANG. (0.5 nm) and containing exchangeable cations, for example, faujasite crystalline aluminosilicates, mordenite crystalline aluminosilicates, ZSM crystalline aluminosilicates, and AMS crystalline metallosilicates.There are also disclosed processes for the hydrodenitrogenation and hydrocracking of a hydrocarbon stream containing a substantial amount of nitrogen compounds, which processes comprise contacting said stream under suitable conditions and in the presence of hydrogen with the aforesaid catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurizing liquified or solvent refined coals and lignite which includes catalytic metal oxides and/or sulfides impregnated within a porous base of principally alumina with large surface area and pore volume and pores of sufficient diameter throughout to accomodate the liquified coal or lignite molecules. The base material includes surface area of 150-500 m.sup.2 /gm, pore volume of 0.4-1.0 ml/gm, average pore diameter of 40-250 .ANG. with no part of the pore less than 40 .ANG.. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include 4-20% MoO.sub.3, 1-8% CoO, 2-16% WO.sub.3 and/or 1-4% NiO.

Abstract: Improved hydrodenitrogenation catalysts comprise catalytic metals, e.g. molybdenum and nickel, on supports of co-precipitated alumina and titania with more than 5% of the catalyst weight consisting of titanium oxide in the support.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts are made on supports having a core of alumina having predominantly micropore structure, surrounded by a rind of different alumina having at least 25% of total pore volume in macropores. The catalyst support material is impregnated with catalytic metals, e.g. molybdenum with cobalt or nickel or both. The rind captures metals removed from the oils being treated to prevent deactivation of the core by such metals.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a whole shale oil or a shale oil fraction containing at least about 0.1 wt. % nitrogen comprises a catalyst comprising a chromium component, a molybdenum component, a phosphorus component, and at least one of a cobalt component and a nickel component, deposed on a support comprising at least one porous refractory inorganic oxide. Hydrotreatment comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream, e.g., a whole shale oil. with hydrogen in the presence of the invented catalyst under hydrotreatment conditions.

Abstract: A process for selectively removing nitrogen from petroleum distillate feedstocks, notably lube oil distillates or lube base stocks without significant desulfurization of said petroleum distillate feedstocks, especially lube oil distillates or lube base stocks, while hydrotreating the oil to improve odor, color, improve stability, and the like. In accordance therewith, a supported, non (metal-promoted) carbon-containing molybdenum sulfide HDN/HDS selective hydrotreating catalyst is formed from a precursor composite made by compositing a preselected quantity of a porous, refractory inorganic oxide with a complex salt characterized by the formula B.sub.x [MoO.sub.y S.sub.4-y ] where B is (a) an alkyl substituted diammonium ion, or (2) an alkyl substituted ammonium ion or quaternary ammonium ion; x is 1 where B is an alkyl substituted diammonium ion, or 2 where B is an alkyl substituted ammonium or quaternary ammonium ion; and y is 0, or a fraction or whole number ranging up to 3.

Abstract: A slurry hydroconversion process is provided wherein a heavy hydrocarbonaceous oil, in which is dispersed a metal-contaminated, partially deactivated zeolitic cracking catalyst, is converted to lower boiling products in the presence of a molecular hydrogen-containing gas, and a hydrogen donor diluent.

Abstract: A shape selective catalyst useful in a variety of hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, hydrofining, isomerization, dewaxing, and the like, is obtained from the process which comprises steaming a precursor crystalline aluminosilicate in the hydrogen or ammonium form having a silica-alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an alpha value greater than about 20 in the presence of ammonia to provide a crystalline aluminosilicate having an alpha value of from about 10 to about 150 and thereafter ion-exchanging the steamed precursor with an alkali metal cation under conditions effective to further reduce the alpha value of the crystalline aluminosilicate to less than about 10.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is disclosed which comprises a combination of a carrier material, a Group VIB metal component and Group VIII metal component wherein said group VIB metal component and said Group VIII metal component are incorporated in said catalytic composite by means of a non-aqueous organic solution of a Group VIB metal compound and a Group VIII metal compound, wherein said non-aqueous organic solution comprises dimethylformamide, formamide, diethylformamide, ethylformamide, methylformamide, pyridine, aniline or toluene and wherein said catalytic composite is calcined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Other embodiments of the present invention describe the use of the catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion and preferred methods of catalyst manufacture.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalysts are prepared using multiple impregnation and a critical ratio of VIB metal to VIII metal in one or more stages to produce catalysts which have higher than normal activity in contaminant removal from hydrocarbon feed stocks, especially in both sulfur and nitrogen removal, which catalysts also contain relatively low or no acidic residues such as P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and permit use of lower effective operating temperature for a predetermined percentage of contaminant removal, for example, at 85% removal of sulfur.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon charge containing sulfur, asphaltenes and/or resins is hydrotreated in the liquid phase at 250.degree.-500.degree. C. under a pressure of 20-350 bars in the presence of a catalyst previously obtained by reacting an organic compound of a transition metal with an organic aluminum compound, in a hydrocarbon free of asphaltene and resin.The transition metal organic compound is advantageously an iron, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium acetylacetonate or carboxylate.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F. -1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: The hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon charge containing asphaltenes and metal, sulfur and nitrogen impurities is performed in the presence of a catalyst comprising:(a) soot particles of the cenosphere type(b) a compound of a metal selected from the groups V B, VI B, VII B and VIII of the periodic classification.

Abstract: A process for denitrogenation of high nitrogen content hydrocarbon feeds comprising contacting the feed with hydrogen under denitrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising an active metallic component comprising at least one metal having hydrogenation activity and at least one oxygenated phosphorus component and a support component comprising at least one non-zeolitic, porous refractory inorganic oxide matrix component and at least one crystalline molecular sieve zeolite component.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon stream containing metals, asphaltenes, nitrogen compounds, and sulfur compounds to reduce the contents of these contaminants. The process comprises contacting said stream in the presence of hydrogen and under suitable hydrotreating conditions in sequence with a first catalyst in a first reaction zone, a second catalyst in a second reaction zone, and a third catalyst in a third reaction zone. The first catalyst comprises a Group VIB metal and/or a Group VIII metal on a porous inorganic oxide support; the second catalyst consists essentially of at least one hydrogenation metal selected from Group VIB deposed on a support material comprising alumina; and the third catalyst comprises a hydrogenating component comprising molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt on a large-pore, catalytically-active alumina. Each catalyst has specific physical properties.

Abstract: In the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a hydrocarbon oil is successively contacted with a first hydroprocessing catalyst in a first reaction zone and a second hydroprocessing catalyst in a second reaction zone. The first catalyst has an average pore diameter at least about 30 angstroms larger than the second catalyst, although both have narrow pore size distributions wherein at least about 90 percent of the total pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 100 angstroms to about 300 angstroms, and with essentially all the pores having diameters greater than 100 angstroms.

Abstract: A multistage hydrocracking or hydrotreating process wherein a two-phase reaction mixture of a hydrogen rich gas stream and liquid hydrocarbon is passed through a series of spaced catalyst beds and reaction vapors are withdrawn at each interspace between beds and replaced with hydrogen. Such withdrawal and replacement reduces the partial pressure of NH.sub.3 and/or H.sub.2 S in the reaction mixture entering the bed succeeding each interspace, thereby increasing the reaction rate between hydrogen and the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F.-1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon material is subjected to severe hydrotreatment and washed with only enough water to absorb the bulk of the H.sub.2 S but only a fraction of the NH.sub.3 present in the hydrocarbon material. The washed hydrotreated hydrocarbon material is separated from the water stream, and then a vapor phase is separated from the hydrocarbon material in a high pressure separator. The vapor phase is scrubbed with water to form an aqueous solution of NH.sub.3 which contains only a minor amount of H.sub.2 S (an NH.sub.3 to H.sub.2 S ratio of at least 6:1).

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon oil having a CCR content of 8-30 weight percent, which process involves contacting the heavy oil in a hydrovisbreaking zone containing a low acidity zeolite catalyst and recovering and fractionating the visbroken effluent to provide distillate products and a 1000.degree. F.+ fraction which has a Kinematic Viscosity between about 30,000-60,000 centistokes at 100.degree. F.

Abstract: Spherical particles of alumina are prepared by agitating a slurry of solids comprising rehydratable alumina solids in water with a hot immiscible liquid to disperse droplets of the slurry in a continuous phase of the immiscible liquid. The droplets are shaped by interfacial surface tension and are hardened by heat while in the immiscible liquid, then are separated and calcined to produce finished spherical alumina beads. The preferred beads are of size less than one millimeter. These are used as supports for catalysts that are used in several oil refining processes such as hydrotreating for removal of sulfur or for reforming or cracking.

Abstract: A combination process for upgrading hydrocarbon fractions obtained from raw shale oil, oil products of coal processing and select fractions of crude oils comprising sulfur, nitrogen and metal contaminants to produce jet fuel product fractions such as JP4, JP5, JP8 and other turbine-type fuel materials provided. The combination of integrated processing steps involving hydrotreating, acid extraction of basic nitrogen compounds and hydrofining thereof to produce a feed composition suitable for catalytic reforming in the absence of significant hydrocracking whereby jet fuel boiling range material is produced significantly reduces by the combination the hydrogen requirements of the process.

Abstract: Hydrodenitrogenation of high nitrogen content hydrocarbon feeds comprises contacting the feed with hydrogen under hydrodenitrogenation conditions in the presence of a multiple catalyst system comprising an initial catalyst of apparent higher order reaction kinetics and lower rate constant for hydrodenitrogenation followed by at least one subsequent catalyst of apparent lower order reaction kinetics and higher rate constant for hydrodenitrogenation.

Abstract: A process of recovering the hydrocarbon values from low organic carbon content deposits comprises the hydrotreating of hydrocarbons from those deposits in the presence of supercritical alkane-containing solv

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprises molybdenum, nickel, and phosphorus components supported on gamma alumina precalcined at a temperature of at least 1375.degree. F.

Abstract: Lubricating oils of improved quality are prepared by hydrotreating a lubricant base stock in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-39 and a hydrogenation component.

Abstract: A catalyst composition including imogolite and its use in hydrogen processing hydrocarbons are disclosed.

Abstract: Process for removing the nitrogen impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon mixture comprising introducing into a low volume mixer the hydrocarbons to be treated together with a dilute aqueous acid solution to form an emulsion, withdrawing said emulsion into a decantation zone where it breaks and recycling to the low volume mixer from 80 to 95% by volume of the aqueous acid solution coming from the decantation zone, so as to maintain in said low volume mixer a volume ratio of the hydrocarbons to the aqueous acid solution from about 0.3 to about 13, preferably from about 0.5 to about 4, and the pH of the aqueous acid solution from about 0.1 to about 1.5.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenation of an organic sulfur compound and/or an organic nitrogen compound is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising catalytic grade alumina, titanium, cobalt, zinc and molybdenum.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of organic compounds containing sulfur and/or nitrogen is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising zinc titanate and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and compounds thereof.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are treated to remove sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals and/or other impurities by contact with treating gas comprising carbon monoxide and water under reaction conditions in the presence of catalysts having shift and hydrogenating activity as well as improved steam stability. The catalysts comprise (1) a metallic component having shift and hydrogenating activity, (2) a support component comprising activated alumina and (3) a steam stabilizing phosphorus component.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst comprising nickel, molybdenum, and phosphorus active components supported on gamma alumina is prepared with gamma alumina support particles partially hydrated with water vapor while the support particles are in motion relative to each other, as by passage of steam through an ebulliating bed of particulate gamma alumina.

Abstract: An improved process for hydroconversion of mineral oil is disclosed wherein a spherical hydroconversion catalyst having a diameter greater than 6 mm, a surface area above 200 m.sup.2 /gm, and a crush strength above 70 pounds is used to replace the inert materials which are used to support or retain a fixed bed of suitable hydroconversion catalyst.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, and/or hydrodenitrogenation of organic compounds is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising zeolite, zinc, titanium, and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and compounds thereof.

Abstract: In processes for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon feedstream containing organic sulfur comprising contacting said feedstream with a catalyst for a time at a temperature and pressure sufficient to effect the desired catalytic change on the feedstream, the improvement comprising using as the catalyst a layered composition of the formula MX.sub.y wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Group IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and uranium, X is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof, y is a number ranging from about 1.5 to about 3. The catalyst is prepared by reacting neat or in the presence of a nonaqueous solvent a Group IVb to VIIb or uranium metal salt, and a source of sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, and mixing the reactants at temperatures below 400.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: Yields of liquid product produced by coking a feed material comprising a mixture of a shale oil material, a petroleum residuum and a hydrocracking catalyst, are enhanced by feeding hydrogen to the reaction system during the coking operation.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst is prepared from coal mineral matter obtained by low temperature ashing coals of relatively low bassanite content by the steps of: (a) depositing on the low temperature ash 0.25-3 grams of an iron or nickel salt in water per gram of ash and drying a resulting slurry; (b) crushing and sizing a resulting solid; and (c) heating the thus-sized solid powder in hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for reducing the nitrogen content of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock, which involves contacting the feedstock with hydrogen and water in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a steam stable acidic zeolite catalyst.The invention process is applicable to the denitrification of raw coal, and syncrude feed derived from oil shale and tar sands.

Abstract: Oxygen compounds are removed, e.g., by extraction, from a coal liquid prior to its hydrogenation. As a result, compared to hydrogenation of such a non-treated coal liquid, the rate of nitrogen removal is increased.

Abstract: A process for converting the raffinate from an HCl-treated shale oil to a suitable feedstock for a hydrocracking reactor for making fuels from the raffinate by hydrotreating the raffinate and thereafter water quenching the hydrotreated product.

Abstract: The catalytic hydrodesulfurization and/or hydrodenitrogenation of organic compounds containing sulfur and/or nitrogen is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising zinc, titanium and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and compounds thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for reducing the metal, sulfur and nitrogen content of petroleum residual oils. The process involves contacting a mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock and hydrogen-donor solvent with a catalyst composition comprising a naturally occuring porous metal ore such as manganese nodules.

Abstract: A tungsten-free hydrotreating catalyst is produced by contacting a refractory metal oxide support with an aqueous impregnating solution formed from an ammoniacal solution of nickel fluoride, preferably predissolved, and an Mo.sup.+VI oxide. The impregnating solution consists essentially of NH.sub.4.sup.+, Ni.sup.++, Mo.sup.+VI and F.sup.-, said Ni.sup.++ and F.sup.- being supplied from nickel fluoride and preferably contains nickel and fluoride ions in a ratio of substantially 1 to 2, and is used in an amount necessary for impregnating by the incipient wetness technique in a one-step impregnation. The impregnated catalyst support is then heated to a temperature sufficient to drive off ammonia and thereby deposit fluorine, nickel and molybdenum. The resulting catalyst is highly active for hydrotreating lube oil feedstocks.

Abstract: A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurating carbonaceous liquid such as solvent refined coal includes catalytic metal oxides impregnated within a porous base of mostly alumina with relatively large pore diameters, surface area and pore volume. The base material includes pore volumes of 0.7-0.85 ml/g, surface areas of 200-350 m.sup.2 /g and pore diameters of 85-200 Angstroms. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include the oxides of Group VI metals, molybdenum and tungsten, and the oxides of Group VIII metals, nickel and cobalt, in various combinations. These catalysts and bases in combination have effectively promoted the removal of chemically combined sulfur and nitrogen within a continuous flowing mixture of carbonaceous liquid and hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A nickel-molybdenum catalyst composite is formed by a process which consists essentially of contacting a refractory inorganic oxide support with an aqueous, alkaline impregnating solution consisting essentially of NH.sup.+.sub.4, Ni.sup.++, SO.sub.4 .sup.- and MO.sup.+VI, with substantially all of the Ni.sup.++ being supplied from nickel sulfate, and heating said impregnated support to dry and calcine the catalyst composite. The calcination is an oxidative calcination conducted in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature in the range of 427.degree. and about 566.degree. C. such that sulfate remains on said support. The resulting catalyst is used to desulfurize naphthas, middle distillate oils and asphaltic oils.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon conversion catalyst consisting essentially of: (A) a crystalline ZSM-5 zeolitic molecular sieve component substantially free of any catalytic loading metal; and (B) a matrix consisting essentially of (a) a gel selected from silica-alumina, silica-alumina-titania and silica-alumina-zirconia polygels, and (b) a hydrogenating component; and a process using said catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic process for the conversion of hydrocarbons or bituminous shales or carbon monoxide in the liquid phase in contact with hydrogen flowing upwardly through a series of successive stages, each containing a catalyst bed either semi-stationary or dispersed in the charge, the catalyst being maintained at each stage by an upward flow of hydrogen or hydrocarbon supplied below an opening in the partition wall between two successive stages and periodically allowed to pass from one stage to the next through said opening, by discontinuing said upward flow.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided which comprises a hydrogenation component and a support comprising agglomerates of alumina having initially not more than 0.20 cubic centimeters per gram of its pore volume in pores greater than about 400 Angstroms in diameter and a minor amount of silica. A process for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbonaceous oils utilizing the catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream such as petroleum distillate and similar hydrocarbon materials by contacting said stream with hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a porous refractory inorganic oxide support and deposited thereon hydrogenation components comprising chromium, molybdenum and at least one Group VIII metal. This process enables improved removal of nitrogen and sulfur, particularly from gas oils.