Abstract: A contaminating metal on a cracking catalyst used for the cracking of hydrocarbons is removed by contacting the catalyst with a chelating agent which forms chelates with the contaminating metal. The chelates containing the contaminating metal may be readily separated from the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for passivating a catalyst utilized to crack hydrocarbon feedstock to lower molecular weight products in a reation zone is disclosed, where the feedstock contains at least two metal contaminants selected from the class consisting of nickel, vanadium and iron and where these contaminants become deposited on the catalyst. The method comprises passing the catalyst from the reaction zone through a reduction zone maintained at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to at least partially passivate the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for passivating a catalyst used to crack hydrocarbon feedstock to lower molecular weight products in a reaction zone is disclosed where the feedstock contains at least one metal contaminant selected from the class consisting of nickel, vanadium and iron and where the contaminant becomes deposited on the catalyst such that at least a major portion of the total of said metal contaminant deposited on the catalyst comprises only one of the metal contaminants. The method comprises monitoring the composition of said metal contaminant on the catalyst, adding a predetermined amount of at least one of said metal contaminants not present as the major contaminant on the catalyst, and passing the catalyst from the reaction zone through a reduction zone maintained at an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to at least partially passivate said metal contaminant.CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application is related to U.S. Patent Application, Ser. No. 108,395 filed on even date herewith.

Abstract: A process for fluid catalytic cracking of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes and shale oil with high metals contents wherein contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron are deactivated, organic sulfur compounds deposited on the cracking catalyst are removed, wherein the said contaminant metals are deactivated by contact with a high temperature reducing atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide in a range of from about 4 to about 14 volume percent, the temperature being at least 900.degree. F. and preferably greater than 1200.degree. F., wherein the catalyst is modified with at least one inorganic sulfur oxide absorbent which reacts with sulfur oxides under regeneration conditions to form non-volatile inorganic sulfur compounds, the said sulfur oxide absorbent being present in sufficient amount to effect said reduction of said sulfur oxides.

Abstract: A used hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with an antimony carbonate to passivate contaminating metals thereon, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. A process for cracking a hydrocarbon in the presence of the passivated catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of passivating metal contaminants on cracking catalysts which comprises contacting said catalysts with steam for limited periods of time and at moderate temperatures.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cracking hydrocarbons with a faujasite-type zeolite catalyst, in which the catalyst is rejuvenated by ion-exchange with rare earth metal cations to restore its activity.

Abstract: A contaminating metal on a cracking catalyst used for the cracking of hydrocarbons is passivated by contacting the catalyst at reduction conditions with a reducing gas such as hydrogen that has been saturated with water at ambient conditions.

Abstract: Contaminating metals on a clay based cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the catalyst with indium antimonide under elevated temperature conditions.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking process employing a catalyst treated with an antimony tris (hydrocarbyl sulfide) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium iron, and/or nickel is disclosed. Used or unused catalyst can be treated and then employed in the process.

Abstract: Reduction of SO.sub.x emissions from the regenerator associated with the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit for converting hydrocarbon feedstocks into more valuable products is achieved by introducing into the FCC cycle one or more organic, aluminum-containing compounds in dissolved form. In the catalytic cracking zone, the dissolved aluminum-containing compounds are converted to aluminum compounds that deposit relatively uniformly upon the catalyst particles. Also depositing upon the catalyst particles in the catalytic cracking zone are deactivating quantities of sulfur-containing coke. When such catalyst particles are introduced into the regenerator, wherein the sulfur-containing coke present on the catalyst surfaces is removed by combustion, thereby activating the catalyst particles, the SO.sub.x so produced reacts with the deposited aluminum compounds to form one or more stable, sulfur-aluminum oxidic compounds, thus desulfurizing the regenerator flue gas.

Abstract: A cracking catalyst is treated with a trihydrocarbylantimony oxide to passivate contaminating metals whenever these metals have been deposited on the catalyst. Unused or used catalyst can be treated. A process for cracking a hydrocarbon, e.g. hydrocarbon oil, is disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrocracking process for the conversion of heavy hydrocarbon oils and a catalyst therefore which comprises a hydrogenating component and a cracking component including a modified crystalline zeolite and at least one amorphous inorganic oxide support material. The process includes a method of treatment of the catalyst for mildly promoting the activity of fresh catalyst or partially restoring the activity of spent catalyst.

Abstract: In removing sulfur oxides from flue gas in a cracking catalyst regenerator in the presence of a silica-containing particulate catalyst by reacting the sulfur oxides with alumina in a particulate solid other than the catalyst, activity loss in the alumina as a result of migration of silica from the catalyst particles to the alumina-containing particles is decreased by using alumina-containing particles which contain sodium, manganese or phosphorus.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the improvement of catalyst performance in catalytic hydrodewaxing of both petroleum and synthetic hydrocarbon feedstocks utilizing a special group of acidic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites such as those of the ZSM-5 type which involves treatment of said zeolites in order to adjust their initially high alpha activity to within a range of 55-150 alpha prior to use as catalysts in a hydrodewaxing operation.

Abstract: A fluidized catalytic cracking process for conversion of hydrocarbon charge to cracked products wherein a regenerated fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst having deposited thereon about 1000 to 10,000 ppm of nickel, vanadium, iron or mixtures thereof is treated with a sodium compound prior to use for cracking hydrocarbon charge such that hydrogen yield is increased.

Abstract: A used cracking catalyst is treated with antimony carbonate and its thio analogues to passivate contaminating metals whenever these metals have been deposited on the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for controlling the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas from the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit employing carbon monoxide combustion promoters which comprises monitoring the oxides of nitrogen concentration in the exit flue gas and adjusting the concentration of combustion promoter present in the regeneration zone to maintain the oxides of nitrogen concentration below a predetermined limit.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with a crude antimony tris(O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioate) to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: The octane number of a cracked naphtha can be significantly improved in a catalytic cracking unit, without significant decrease in naphtha yield, by maintaining certain critical concentrations of metals on the catalyst, suitably by blending or adding a heavy metals-containing component to the gas oil feed.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst the effectiveness of which is impaired by deposition thereon of a metal contaminant, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel, is treated with an antimony tris (hydrocarbyl sulfonate) to passivate the contaminant metal.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon cracking catalyst is treated with an antimony thiocarbamate to passivate thereon contaminating metals, e.g., vanadium, iron and/or nickel. Used or unused catalyst can be treated.

Abstract: A process for restoring selectivity of cracking catalysts which are contaminated with metals during cracking operations which comprises contacting the catalyst with at least one boron compound for a time sufficient to restore selectivity of the catalyst.

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron contaminating a cracking catalyst are passivated by contacting the cracking catalyst under elevated temperature conditions with antimony selenide, antimony sulfide, antimony sulfate, bismuth selenide, bismuth sulfide, or bismuth phosphate.

Abstract: A method for the simultaneous use of a metals passivation agent and an oxidation promoter in a catalytic cracking system. The oxidation promoter charge is increased an effective amount upon charging the passivation agent at an excessive rate to thereby allow the benefits of both agents to be realized.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium and iron in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with at least one treating agent selected from the group consisting of elemental tellurium, oxides of tellurium and compounds convertible to elemental tellurium or oxide thereof during cracking or catalyst regeneration, whereby to said cracking catalyst is added a modifying amount of said treating agent.

Abstract: Metal-contaminated oils, including mildly hydrotreated residual oils, are catalytically cracked in the absence of added hydrogen in a fluid catalytic cracking process wherein the regenerated catalyst has less than about 0.05 wt. % residual carbon. By conducting regeneration of the catalyst to that level at 1300.degree. to 1400.degree. F. (preferably at about 1350.degree. F.) with excess air, additional benefits are realized in that metal deposited on the catalyst by cracking of residual stocks is thereby passivated.

Abstract: Used cracking catalyst fines from a cracking process wherein antimony or a compound thereof is used as a metals passivation agent are used as an efficient passivation agent in a cracking process.

Abstract: A process for increasing the octane rating of gasoline and decreasing the quantity of coke produced by a catalytic cracking process by adding C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 linear olefins to the feed to the reactor with a zeolite containing cracking catalyst. The olefins may be added separately or mixed with the gas oil feed just before the oil preheat section ahead of the reactor.

Abstract: In a process for hydrocracking heavy polynuclear carbonaceous feedstocks to produce lighter hydrocarbon fuels by contacting the heavy feedstocks with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst, thereafter separating at least a substantial portion of the carbonaceous material associated with the reaction mixture from the spent molten metal halide and thereafter regenerating the metal halide catalyst, an improvement comprising contacting the spent molten metal halide catalyst after removal of a major portion of the carbonaceous material therefrom with an additional quantity of hydrogen is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the removal of metal poisons such as nickel, iron and/or vanadium from a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst which includes the steps of contacting a regenerated sulfided catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas in a defined temperature range of from about 525.degree. F. to about 725.degree. F. and washing at least a portion of the metal poisons from the catalyst. A preferred wash solution is a reductive wash medium comprising a saturated, aqueous solution of SO.sub.2. The vanadium and nickel metals may be recovered from the resultant used wash solution for possible metallurgical use. The washed catalyst may also be subjected to subsequent oxidative washes such as a hydrogen peroxide wash prior to its return to the hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for catalytically cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks containing a contaminant deleterious to the process and catalyst and to a method for removing the contaminant from a crystalline aluminosilicate cracking catalyst used in the process, where the contaminant is vanadium, or vanadium and nickel, and optionally iron.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for catalytically cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks containing a contaminant deleterious to the process and catalyst and to a method for removing the contaminant from a crystalline aluminosilicate cracking catalyst used in the process, where the contaminant is vanadium, or vanadium and nickel, and optionally iron.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residua, heavy crude oils and the like, are converted to predominantly liquid hydrocarbon products by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a regenerable alkali metal carbonate molten medium containing a glass-forming oxide, such as boron oxide, at a temperature in the range of from above about the melting point of said molten medium to about 1000.degree.F. and at elevated pressures. Preferably, the regenerable molten medium comprises an oxide of boron in combination with a mixture of sodium and lithium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. The carbonaceous materials (coke) which are formed in the molten medium during the above-described conversion process are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from above about the melting point of said medium to about 2000.degree.F.