Abstract: A resinous polymeric substance for use as an aid in froth flotation characterized by its mean molecular weight, elemental analysis, viscosity and infra-red spectrum. A method of making the substance by reacting a carbonyl compound with an amine or ammonia followed by heating; and a method of froth flotation in which the substance is used as an aid. The substance has a mean molecular weight in the range 250-10 000; it includes carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen; it has a viscosity of 10 000 to 100 000 centipoise at 20.degree. C. and 100 to 1 000 centipoise at 70.degree. C.; and it has an infra-red spectrum including bands characteristic of the groups --C.dbd.N--, >N--H and >C.dbd.C<.

Abstract: An anionic flotation agent comprising naturally derived fatty acids and, as a promoter, a sulfonated ethoxylated alcohol provides improved beneficiation and improved grade of phosphate ores by froth flotation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved froth flotation process wherein preselected solid particles are selectively separated under froth flotation conditions as a froth phase from remaining solid feed particles as an aqueous phase in the presence of a collector amine. Such improvement comprises conducting said froth flotation in the presence of an effective proportion of an amine oxide promoter. The preferred feed particles comprise sylvinite ore.

Abstract: A process for recovery of phosphates in ores with silico-carbonate gangue:(1) overall flotation of the ore with a collector comprising essentially a phosphoric ester in an amount and under conditions capable of causing the silicate compounds to pass into the flotation residue, and in recovering a float product containing the phosphate and carbonate compounds.(2) conditioning the float product in an acid medium for a length of time sufficient to cause the flotation of carbonates, while the phosphates constituting the valuable product desired, remain in the residue.

Abstract: A method of recovering copper from ores containing copper as atacamite/paratacamite by froth flotation is described which comprises utilizing as a collecting or flotation agent, a combination of two chelating agents having the formulaR--C(OH).dbd.N--OR.sup.1andR.sup.2 OCSSXwherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic group containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkali metal,R.sup.2 is an alkyl group containing up to 10 carbon atoms, andX is an alkali metal.The method of the invention is useful in treating copper ores containing very small percentages by weight of copper.

Abstract: The use of primary aliphatic ether amines as silica collectors in the concentration of minerals by the froth flotation process. More specifically, the use of mixtures of primary methyl branched aliphatic ether amines and the partially-neutralized salts thereof as flotation reagents. In further aspect, the use of mixtures of 3-isooctoxypropyl monoamine and 3-isodecoxypropyl monoamine and/or the partially-neutralized acetate salts thereof as collectors for silica in the beneficiation of oxidized taconite ores.

Abstract: A process for the separate recovery of phosphate and carbonate minerals from finely-divided phosphate-carbonate-silicate ores or concentrates with a carbonate to phosphate ratio of over 1 is disclosed, in which an anionic collector agent is added to an aqueous slurry of these ores and concentrates, the slurry is then exposed to froth-flotation in order to separate a silicate-bearing residue from phosphate-carbonate concentrate, thereafter(a) the combined phosphate-carbonate concentrate is either treated with a base in order to remove the collector-agent coatings from the surfaces of the mineral particles, whereafter the combined concentrate is froth-flotated with a cationic collector agent using a depressing agent for carbonate in order to recover the phosphate concentrate and the carbonate concentrate separately, or(b) the aqueous slurry to which the anionic collector agent has been added and which has been froth-flotated is treated with sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide in order to inactivate the collector-a

Abstract: A flotation agent comprising both an aromatic hydrocarbon oil and a dihydrocarbyl trithiocarbonate improves the collecting and separating efficiency of an ore froth flotation process as compared to using any one of the ingredients of the flotation agent alone. The flotation agent and process are particularly useful for the recovery of molybdenum minerals.

Abstract: Chromium values are recovered from pulverized chromite ore by agitating and aerating an aqueous pulp of said pulverized chromite ore containing an amine collector at a pulp acidity less than 2.5; and recovering a chromite containing froth as a concentrate.

Abstract: In a process for upgrading an aqueous slurry of fine coal by agglomerating coal particles and separating the agglomerates from the slurry the proportioning of the amount of binder used to agglomerate the coal can be substantially optimized by correlating it with the amount of non-agglomerated particles which remain in the slurry, and the ratio of the value of the upgraded coal to the coal of the binder.

Abstract: Froth flotation of phosphate ore in the presence of residual organic polymeric flocculants is improved in recovery when a collector comprising a fatty acid derived from vegetable or mineral oils and a surface active agent is employed.

Abstract: A reagent and a method for using the reagent for treating a solid material disposed in a liquid medium and having an oxygen-controlled surface condition. The reagent includes a liquid hydrocarbon, a reducing material and an activator material. The liquid hydrocarbon has a specific gravity different from the specific gravity of the liquid medium. The reducing material is present in an amount sufficient to establish a reducing environment around the solid material for breaking the oxygen control on the surface of the solid material. The activator material is present in an amount sufficient to establish an electrostatic charge on the solid material after the oxygen-controlled surface condition has been broken. A more specific feature of the invention is directed to the method of flotation of extremely fine bituminous coal having an oxygen-controlled surface condition. The reagent is useful in froth flotation processes and in bath flotation and separation processes.

Abstract: Aromatic polycyclic, hydrocarbon compounds bearing at least one nuclear sulfonic acid or sulfonate moiety are useful as froth promoters to improve the recovery of clean coal in the froth flotation of finely-divided coal. Disulfonated diphenyl ether compounds bearing at least one nuclear alkyl group of from 10 to 22 carbon atoms are particularly efficacious.

Abstract: Condensation products of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester and a hydroxyalkylated polyalkylenepolyamine are useful as conditioners to improve the recovery of clean coal in a froth flotation process. The presence of these condensation products in the flotation medium is particularly effective to enhance the recovery of oxidized bituminous coal.

Abstract: Isostearic acid, a liquid isomer of stearic acid, is used as an agent in a froth flotation process to concentrate the iron oxide in iron ores. By use of this flotation agent, the iron oxide in the ground ore is directly floated away from the remainder of the ore. The process enables a high amount of iron oxide to be concentrated from low grade ores.

Abstract: In the beneficiation of phosphate ore by the flotation of siliceous material, the utilization of a condensate of N-aminoethylpiperazine with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester improves the separation of phosphate from silica. This improvement is especially great in the presence of a co-collector consisting of a polyethylenepolyamine condensed with a fatty acid.

Abstract: A phosphate ore fllotation process subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.36 high molecular weight dibasic acid comprising two carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The dibasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate. The selectivity of some of these collectors is so great than an acceptable phosphate rock concentrate can be obtained from the phosphate ore in a single anionic circuit.

Abstract: Low-grade, finely disseminated, ores that are not readily amenable to conventional flotation can be upgraded by a selective flocculation-magnetic separation-flotation process. Non-magnetic particles in such an ore can be selectively flocculated either by iron particles in the ore that contain residual magnetite or by the addition of a finely ground magnetic concentrate to the ore. The selectively flocculated pulp is then passed through a magnetic separator for the rejection of siliceous gangue. Depending on the grade of the magnetic concentrates, either cationic or anionic silica flotation may be applied for further upgrading.

Abstract: A combination of an ester of a mercapto carboxylic acid and an organic dithiol is a synergistic promoter for froth flotation of zinc sulfide ores.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to silicon carbide whisker recovery from a mixture of silicon carbide whiskers and carbonaceous silicon carbide particles. The invention involves shredding the mixture down to a specified particle size, dispersing the mixture in water to form an aqueous mixture, agitating the aqueous mixture, adding surface active reagents to the aqueous mixture, agitating the resulting water-reagent mixture, subjecting the water-reagent mixture to froth flotation having at least three stages, removing tailings therefrom containing water and silicon carbide whiskers and removing float therefrom containing reagents and carbonaceous silicon carbide particles, performing a solid-liquid separation on the tailings and the float, thereby obtaining from the aqueous solution the desired silicon carbide whiskers and obtaining from the reagent solution a carbonaceous silicon carbide particle product.

Abstract: A process for the improved beneficiation of phosphate ore in which the double float cationic (i.e., amine) floatation step is performed in two stages instead of the standard single stage, and which permits recovery of approximately two-thirds of the phosphate values that were previously lost in the amine tailings of the standard single stage process.

Abstract: The solid organic materials contained in wet-process phosphoric acid are removed by froth flotation in a flotation cell in which the solid organic materials overflow with the foam from the top of the cell and the acid, after passing through the cell, is passed to extraction. The froth flotation process can also be used to remove defoamer and organic soluble materials from the wet-process phosphoric acid. Uranium in the partially purified phosphoric acid product is extracted with a suitable organic extractant, typically a mixture of mono- and di-(alkylphenyl) esters of orthophosphoric acid.

Abstract: A pulp suspension is de-inked by way of flotation after the suspension is chemically treated to remove impurities. Air is supplied to the chemically treated suspension so as to generate a foam containing the impurities on the surface of the liquid level of the suspension. The foam is drawn off closely above the liquid level and quenched, and an upper layer of the pulp suspension beneath the foam is discharged so as to remove fiber fines contained in the upper layer. Accordingly, the pulp suspension is purified more quickly and effectively than with prior arrangements wherein the foam and the fiber fines were not separately removed.

Abstract: In the beneficiation of phosphate ore by flotation of siliceous material, the use of an alkyl-substituted phenyl ether amine or a hydroxyalkylated derivative thereof as a collector affords improved separation of phosphate from the siliceous matter.

Abstract: A process for producing a high grade molybdenum disulfide powder suitable for use in the formulation of chemicals and as an intermediate for synthesizing high purity molybdenum compounds by which an impure particulated molybdenite concentrate feed material is pulverized and thereafter is subjected to a plurality of purification treatments to effect a progressive extraction of the contaminating mineral constituents entrapped within the molybdenite particles. The purification treatments comprise a wash treatment of the molybdenite concentrate containing up to 10% by weight of hydrocarbon oil employing an aqueous solution forming a slurry which is subjected to successive steps of high shear agitation and low shear agitation to break up the agglomerated molybdenite particles and to effect a release of the mechanically entrapped very fine mineral particles which remain suspended in the aqueous liquid phase.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for concentrating an ore to recover valuable minerals from the ore is disclosed. The apparatus is based upon flotation separation techniques and comprises a trough into which is fed a slurry of ore particles which have been conditioned with a flotation reagent. The trough has a side extending outwardly forming a downwardly sloping flat table. The slurry of conditioned ore particles flows out of the trough and downwardly along the sloping table. Positioned along the sloping table is a disperser for dispersing larger particles up and into the slurry, which larger particles are generally along the surface of the sloping table. The sloping table is equipped with at least one aerator positioned along the flow path of the slurry, downstream of the disperser which aerates the conditioned ore slurry. The particles coated with the flotation reagent form agglomerates with gas bubbles produced by the aerator.

Abstract: A froth flotation method for the separation of trona from ground trona ore slurried in a saturated brine solution of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate by using organic compounds of a specified type as flotation collectors.

Abstract: A phosphate ore flotation process subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.54 high molecular weight tribasic acid comprising three carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The tribasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate. The selectivity of this collector is so great that an acceptable phosphate rock concentrate can be obtained from the phosphate ore in a single anionic circuit.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for the flotation of mineral feedstock using the method of froth flotation. The method may be employed with flotation machines having their own air suction, or with flotation machines with subaeration. Pulps pretreated with flotation agents and having a density up to twice the normal density of ore pulps are submitted to a flotation process with a pulsed air flow by means of normal air supply periods alternating with periods wherein the quantity of air ranges from 1-90% of the normal air supply. The apparatus for carrying out said method makes use of known flotation machines with rotor-stator systems, which machines are modified to provide them with an air duct incorporating an air flow regulating member connected to an appropriate control means. With the existing methods of flotation there are obtained about 400 gr/l of solids in the pulp. With the present method with pulsing air supply there can be obtained about 800 gr/l of solids in the pulp.

Abstract: Certain ether amines and their derivatives are useful to improve the recovery of clean coal in a froth flotation process. The presence of these ether amines and derivatives in the flotation medium is particularly effective to enhance the recovery of oxidized bituminous coal.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of an aluminum-salt slag produced in the remelting of aluminum by the addition of salt to aluminum scrap wherein the aluminum salt slag is subjected to pressure and impact rolling to a thickness of about 0.2 mm to about 1 mm and the product is milled to an X.sub.80 value of about 130 to 150 microns. The milled product is classified in a plurality of stages to recover therefrom a large-particle fraction consisting at least predominantly of aluminum particles, and a fine-particle fraction. The fine-particle fraction is subjected to flotation in at least one flotation stage to which a base is added in an amount of 0.04 to 0.4 g of the base per ton of the material subjected to flotation to bring the pH to between 10 and 11, whereupon a cation active collector of the formula RO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH.sub.2 is added to recover an impurity-containing froth of low chloride level and a concentrate containing most of the chlorides of said slag.

Abstract: A process for efficiently recycling the water used in the various stages of a process for recovering glass from municipal trash. The invention comprises the separate treatment and recycling of the process water resulting from the first step separation of the incoming trash into a glass and inorganic constituent and an organic constituent for reuse in that step; the separate treatment and recycling of the process water emanating from the second step size classification to either the first or second steps; and, the treatment and recycling of the process water used in the froth flotation separation of the glass from the other inorganic constituents to any of the three steps in the process.

Abstract: In the beneficiation of phosphate ore by the flotation of siliceous material, a collector prepared by condensing a mixture of a fatty acid or ester, and ethanolamine and a hydroxyethylethylenediamine improves the separation of phosphate from silica.

Abstract: Process using collectors for the flotation of minerals which allow the separation or enrichment of certain minerals, even at pH values around 7. These collectors are organic sulphides of the type R--S--R', in which the two groups R and R' are different and at least one of them preferably carries a substituent including oxygen or sulphur. The collectors are desirably used in a proportion of 10-100 ppm in relation to the weight of the mineral subject to flotation.

Abstract: Use of 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentanol as a froth flotation agent for coal recovery processes.

Abstract: The sulfide surfaces of finely-divided impure iron sulfide-containing minerals such as pyritic ores or coals are rendered hydrophilic by the adsorption of conditioned, inorganic sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. This adsorption of conditioned bacteria occurs in a short time to render the surfaces hydrophilic and allows these altered sulfide particles to be separated from hydrophobic solids by flotation, oil-agglomeration or the like. This bioadsorption process has particular applicability to pyritic coal beneficiation.

Abstract: Particulate glass values contained in the final inorganic fraction from comminuted municipal solid wastes and having the particle size between 10 mesh and 325 mesh are recovered by froth flotation depressing the glass and causing flotation of the gangue using as the beneficiation reagent a water compatible sulfonated hydrocarbon. Glass depression occurs by use of a mineral acid or fluoride ion and maintaining pH of the media less than about 4.

Abstract: An ore-treatment process for the recovery of metal concentrates from mineral ores containing one or more metals in the form of their sulphides and/or oxides in which the crushed ore is subjected to a froth flotation process in aqueous medium using, as collector, an orthophydroxy phenyl oxime of formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.1 is an electron-donating group, especially an alkyl group, and R.sup.11 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl group. The process is especially suitable for treatment of copper-containing ores.

Abstract: The use of a selective cationic polymeric flocculant in conjunction with froth flotation of coal results in increased coal recovery.

Abstract: Froth flotation method for recovering copper, nickel, silver, mercury, bismuth, and lead values from their ores by applying thiourea or any substituted thiourea in conjunction with hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, oxalic, hexacyanoferric (II), thiocyanic, or cyanic acids to obtain pure copper, nickel, silver, mercury, bismuth, and lead concentrates, which comprises; adding to a water suspension of finely divided ore of thiourea, or substituted thiourea, and an adequate amount of the above said acids, and especially for recovering of copper minerals the addition comprises hydrochloric, nitric at a pH 6.5, sulfuric, phosphoric, oxalic, hexacyanoferric (II), cyanic at a pH 7.0 of the mineral slurry; for recovering nickel minerals, thiocyanic acid, i.e., potassium thiocyanate in a neutral pulp of mineral slurry; for recovering silver mineral or native silver, hydrochloric, nitric, or oxalic acid in a slightly acid pulp of mineral slurry at a pH 6-6.

Abstract: Certain condensation products of a fatty acid or fatty acid ester and a hydroxyalkylated alicyclic nitrogen-containing compound are useful as conditioners to improve the recovery of clean coal in a froth flotation process. The presence of these condensation products in the flotation medium is particularly effective to enhance the recovery of oxidized bituminous coal.

Abstract: A method is provided for recovering zinc from non-sulfide containing zinc ore comprising the steps of grinding the ore to a pre-determined level; selectively flocculating the ground ore using a dispersing agent and a flocculating agent and froth flotating the flocs using an ester of a mercaptocarboxylic acid as a collector in the presence of a soluble sulfide.

Abstract: Particulate glass values contained in a comminuted inorganic fraction are recovered by froth flotation in a substantially sulfate ion free aqueous flotation medium and an amine as the beneficiation reagent.

Abstract: Disclosed are cationic flotation agents for separating silica from ores consisting of the monocarboxylic acid salts of polyalkylene polyamine amides wherein the amide is completely neutralized.

Abstract: In the beneficiation of phosphate ore by the flotation of the siliceous material, the utilization of a condensate of a polyethylene polyamine, having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, with a fatty acid, fatty acid ester or a fatty acid and an alkylolamine improves the separation of phosphate from silica. This improvement is especially great in the presence of unreacted fatty acid. Moreover, this condensate is more readily dispersed in the flotation medium than the condensate of diethylenetriamine with fatty acid employed by the prior art.

Abstract: Improved beneficiation of non-sulfide iron free ores by froth flotation results when the collector employed is a mixture of a naturally derived fatty acid and a partial ester of a polycarboxylic acid having at least one free carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: A flotation process is provided for beneficiating phosphate ores in at least two floats after conditioning with 0.1-1.5 pound per ton of fuel oil and adding 0.025-0.1 pound per ton of a frother and 0.2-0.5 pound per ton of a polyamine cationic collector to remove silica in the froth (tails) and obtain 75-84% recoveries of phosphate in the concentrate (sink) which contains no more than about 6% insol. For some ores, the floats can be made on each fraction, after desliming thereof, which are obtained by screening over a 35 mesh screen. For other ores, desliming and a rougher flotation are initially needed. The silica froths (rougher tails) from this float are then cleaned and recleaned in separate floats, without additional conditioning or addition of collector to produce tails which are discarded and a combined sink which is screened over a 48 mesh screen to produce a +48 mesh fraction which is discarded and a -48 mesh fraction which is concentrate (product).

Abstract: A froth flotation method for recovering native silver and copper, and metallic ores selected from the group of silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, and chromium, by applying commercial quaternary bases or their salts in conjunction with perchloric acid to obtain pure concentrates of said metal values, which comprises; adding to a water suspension of finely divided ore of quaternary ammonium type collectors of commercial origin, and an adequate amount of perchloric acid, which acting in conjunction activate and levitate in the froth by usual froth flotation process the metal values of silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, and chromium.

Abstract: A phosphate ore flotation proces subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.36 high molecular weight dibasic acid comprising two carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The dibasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate.

Abstract: A phosphate ore flotation process subjects a phosphate ore containing silica and silicates to froth flotation in the presence of a collector, said collector being a C.sub.54 high molecular weight tribasic acid comprising three carboxylic functional groups, recovering the phosphate concentrate from the overflow, and removing the separated silica and silicates in the underflow. The tribasic acids should be used in conjunction with fuel oil, not only to reduce the reagent consumption, but also to increase the grade and recovery of phosphate concentrate.