Abstract: A desalination process is disclosed which combining two or more substantially different water treatment processes in a unique manner to desalinate saline water, especially sea water, to produce a high yield of high quality fresh water, including potable water, at an energy consumption equivalent to or less than much less efficient prior art desalination processes. In this process a nanofiltration step is synergistically combined with at least one of sea water reverse osmosis, multistage flash distillation. multieffect distillation of vapor compression distillation to provide an integrated desalination system by which sea water can be efficiently and economically converted to high quality potable water in yields which are at least 70%-80% greater than the yields available from the prior art processes.

Abstract: A wet material treatment apparatus includes an inlet hopper for introducing the wet material into the apparatus. The hopper feeds the wet material into an injector auger that physically directs the wet material into a high velocity air stream produced by a blower thereby directing the flow of the wet material through the apparatus. The wet material moves from the injector auger into a cyclone that separates the wet material through specific gravity and desiccation into a substantially liquid and a substantially solid portion. The substantially liquid portion is discharged through a first outlet in the cyclone to a wet scrubber, while the substantially solid portion of the wet material is discharged through a second outlet. The apparatus can be mounted to a trailer for mobile transportation, and can include two cyclones operating in series.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit. The unit includes a filter housing assembly having a filter tank assembly and a closure which utilizes a handle and cammed reciprocating lock blades to secure the closure to the filter tank assembly. A UV tank assembly includes a planar baffle plate and a vaned baffle plate to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly. A UV lamp assembly is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to a UV tank assembly and electrical cap assembly using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly. The bi-planar manifold assembly enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit. Also, a support plate is disclosed which provides support to subcomponents of the WTS unit while also dissipating heat from a UV tank assembly.

Abstract: A digester method and system for processing farm waste is provided. Specifically, the present invention provides a small-scale digester that processes approximately 0.1% to 10% of a raw waste stream at a temperature of approximately 100° F. The remaining 90% to 99.1% of the raw waste stream is directed to a waste lagoon without passing through the digester. Once the digester has processed the waste stream directed thereto, the processed waste is fed to the waste lagoon thereby inducing greater methane production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit. The unit includes a filter housing assembly having a filter tank assembly and a closure which utilizes a handle and cammed reciprocating lock blades to secure the closure to the filter tank assembly. A UV tank assembly includes a planar baffle plate and a vaned baffle plate to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly. A UV lamp assembly is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to a UV tank assembly and electrical cap assembly using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly. The bi-planar manifold assembly enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit. Also, a support plate is disclosed which provides support to subcomponents of the WTS unit while also dissipating heat from a UV tank assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit. The unit includes a filter housing assembly having a filter tank assembly and a closure which utilizes a handle and cammed reciprocating lock blades to secure the closure to the filter tank assembly. A UV tank assembly includes a planar baffle plate and a vaned baffle plate to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly. A UV lamp assembly is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to a UV tank assembly and electrical cap assembly using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly. The bi-planar manifold assembly enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit. Also, a support plate is disclosed which provides support to subcomponents of the WTS unit while also dissipating heat from a UV tank assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a point-of-use water treatment system unit. The unit includes a filter housing assembly having a filter tank assembly and a closure which utilizes a handle and cammed reciprocating lock blades to secure the closure to the filter tank assembly. A UV tank assembly includes a planar baffle plate and a vaned baffle plate to induce plug flow about a UV lamp assembly. A UV lamp assembly is used which simultaneously electrically and sealingly mounts to a UV tank assembly and electrical cap assembly using a bayonet mount. A bi-planar manifold assembly is used to interconnect components of the WTS unit and to provide an envelope for accommodating a water pipe assembly. The bi-planar manifold assembly enhances the compactness of the design of the WTS unit. Also, a support plate is disclosed which provides support to subcomponents of the WTS unit while also dissipating heat from a UV tank assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining when a replaceable filter for a refrigerator needs replacing based on the volume of water passing through the water filter as determined by the product of the time that water has passed through the filter and the flow rate of an accessory being supplied the filtered water.

Abstract: Process for the sterilization of a liquid or pasty product, according to which the product to be treated is circulated in a tubular exchanger at a speed greater than 5 m/s and in which the temperature rise of the product to be treated is obtained by the circulation of an electrical current through the wall of the tube or tubes of the tubular exchanger.

Abstract: An ice water cooling system for a multi-story building includes an open chemical tank 304 adjacent the bottom of the building 300. The tank includes a float-level ball 310 positioned therein for controlling the flow volume of water from the pipeline circular system 302. A pump 314 and check valve 312 are positioned downstream of the tank and are configured to prevent reflux from the pipeline circular system. The float-level ball, pump and check valve act to isolate the pressure in the pipeline circular system from that of the open-chemical tank which is at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the removal of hydrogen peroxide from spent pickle liquor used in a steel strip pickling process. The process utilizes an enclosed decomposition tank which includes a pickle liquor inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, at least one vent pipe, an internal baffle, and a heat source.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solvent exchange column for continuously exchanging styrene monomer with the solvent used to produce polybutadiene and a method of use therefor. The solvent exchange column includes an exchange plate support structure coupled to and supporting spaced apart exchange plates, wherein each of the exchange plates has holes located therein to allow a passage of fluid therethrough. The solvent exchange column further includes a vapor ventilation system for allowing the volatized solvent to exit the solvent exchange column.

Abstract: A wet material treatment apparatus includes an inlet hopper for introducing the wet material into the apparatus. The hopper feeds the wet material into an injector auger that physically directs the wet material into a high velocity air stream produced by a blower thereby directing the flow of the wet material through the apparatus. The wet material moves from the injector auger into a cyclone that separates the wet material through specific gravity and desiccation into a substantially liquid and a substantially solid portion. The substantially solid portion is discharged through a first outlet in the cyclone to a wet scrubber, while the substantially liquid portion of the wet material is discharged through a second outlet. The apparatus can be mounted to a trailer for mobile transportation, and can include two cyclones operating in series.

Abstract: A self-contained, portable rainwater collecting and purifying system for collecting, filtering and disinfecting rainwater or other precipitation primarily for drinking purposes. In a preferred embodiment the portable rainwater collecting and purifying system is characterized by a housing which contains the system components. The bottom of the housing is typically fitted with skids or wheels, and a pair of sloped water collection panels is typically hinged to the housing for receiving the falling rainwater. A collection gutter receives the rainwater from the panels and drains the rainwater into a vertical standpipe fitted with a typically screen filter or filters. As the rising water in the standpipe eventually overflows, the overflowing, partially filtered water leaves the standpipe and enters a water collection tank through a hopper typically fitted with a gravity-flow filter or filters.

Abstract: Solid material, e.g., coal, is upgraded, e.g.

Abstract: A water processing device for removing contaminants from water for consumption, consisting of: 1) a heat exchanger; 2) a heater; 3) a boiler chamber; 4) a liquid level control device; 5) a demister; 6) a degasser; and, 7) a self-cleaning component. A water seal to prevent steam from leaking from the device is also provided.

Abstract: A system and method for treating water to be used for drinking. The system and method utilizes an apparatus for generating ozone and other atoms and molecules resulting from the bombardment of a feed gas with electrons having, preferably, a first electrode positioned within a channel in a second electrode. The first electrode is a substantially sealed tube made of dielectric material, having at least one electron gun positioned proximate an end thereof for firing electrons into the first electrode. In electrical communication with the electron gun is a rod, maintained in a tube also made of dielectric material, which acts to maintain a constant energy level through the length of the rod and thus the length of the electrode. Within the first electrode is an inert gas which, upon the firing of the electron gun, is formed into a plasma.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for delivering activated microorganisms to an environment to be treated. The apparatus has a bioreactor containing microorganisms, a supply of organic and inorganic nutrients and a controller. The controller maintains the conditions of the bioreactor so as to maintain the microorganisms in the exponential phase of growth. The controller also doses a portion of the fluid in the bioreactor to the environment to be treated. The invention also provides a method for the biological treatment of wastes and an organic and inorganic composition used to feed the microorganisms in the bioreactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for biologically treating a fluid sufficiently charged with organic materials, the method being performed in a tank and the fluid being: first subjected to a mixing and acidifying step (A), subsequently in a heavy load step (B) during which activated-sludge is re-circulated and then in a light load step (C) subjected to anaerobic degradation whilst producing methane gas, and subsequently treated in a secondary sedimentation step (D) from where the sludge can also be re-circulated, and the biogas which is produced in the heavy load step (B) and the light load step (C) is collected.

Abstract: A contaminant flushing machine for removing contaminants from a container, such as an engine transmission or transmission cooler which includes hoses for coupling to the transmission cooler and a pump for circulating fluid through the hoses and the transmission cooler and a fluid filter having a reduced tendency towards causing vaporization of the fluid. Also included in the contaminant flushing machine is an automatic aeration system for injecting air into the circulating fluid at predetermined intervals. Additionally, a reverse flow piping circuit is included to permit automatic and electric manipulation of the flow direction of fluid through said transmission cooler while at the same time not altering the direction of flow of fluid through the pump.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating water from oil includes creating a vacuum in a container so that oil which contains water and gas bubbles is drawn upward through a first section of the container. At the top of the first section, the oil impacts a baffle plate, thereby releasing water vapor. The oil then flows downward through an obstruction component in a second section of the container, thereby releasing additional water vapor.

Abstract: Water- and ion-conducting membranes composed of sulfonated statistical arylvinyl polymers, the arylvinyl polymer comprising at least one arylvinyl monomer and at least one olefin monomer and wherein aromatic moieties derived from the arylvinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated, are used as proton-conducting membranes for production of electricity, as water-conducting membranes for humidification of fuel gases in fuel cells and heat and moisture exchange in heating/ventilation/air conditioning systems. Water-conducting membranes composed of sulfonated arylvinyl polymers, the arylvinyl polymer comprising at least one arylvinyl monomer and wherein aromatic moieties derived from the arylvinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated are used for desalination of seawater.

Abstract: A thermal treatment system for supplying thermally conditioned or purified water for human or animal consumption, industrial processes, environmental containment, or removal of foreign species. The water purifier includes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between outgoing thermally conditioned or purified water and incoming makeup water; a water heater is connected to the heat exchanger so as to receive pre-heated incoming makeup water, where the water heater subsequently heats the incoming preheated makeup water to a set-point temperature in the case of thermally conditioned water and for purified water also holds the water for a period of time sufficient to inactivate selected organisms to a predetermined level. The heat exchanger has one or more treated water outlets for supplying thermally conditioned or purified water at selected temperatures.

Abstract: An efficient fluid cleaning system. The efficient system includes a first mechanism for changing the pressure of a fluid from a first pressure to a second pressure, the second pressure lower than the first pressure. A second mechanism distributes the fluid within an evaporation chamber at the second pressure. The evaporation chamber includes an evaporation surface having capillary channels for dispersing oil about the evaporation surface via capillary action to facilitate evaporation of contaminants from within the fluid. In a specific embodiment, the capillary channels are spiral capillary channels and the system further includes a vent through a ceiling of the evaporation chamber. The vent includes a valve biased in an open position and lacking a cracking pressure. The valve prevents the escape of the fluid from the system but allows gases to escape from the system unencumbered.

Abstract: A low cost method and apparatus for indicating when to replace a water filter in a water and ice delivery system for a refrigerator. The invention uses a low cost microprocessor and senses the operational condition of an ice maker water valve, a water dispenser valve to monitor and track water usage. The microprocessor has a built-in memory to retain water usage and other data during a power outage, The invention also senses the status of a door switch to permit user input of a reset message indicating that the filter has been changed as well as an input indicating a different type of filter has been installed. The microprocessor controls a tri-color light emitting diode to display the status of the filter as “good”, “order” or “change” which is determined based on the selection of the type of filter system, the amount of time since the last filter change, and the amount of water usage since the last filter change.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography apparatus with stationary and mobile phase temperature controls suitable for polynucleotide separations by MIPC and DMIPC processes. The apparatus includes heater means with a temperature control system; a matched ion polynucleotide chromatography separation column having an inlet end; a coil of capillary tubing having an inlet end and an outlet end. The outlet end of the capillary tubing is connected with the inlet end of the separation column. The inlet end of the capillary tubing comprising means for receiving process liquid, the tubing having a length of from 6 to 400 cm having a linear tubing length of heating means. The separation column and the coil of capillary tubing are enclosed in the heater means. The capillary tubing preferably is PEEK or titanium. The heater means can be an air batch oven. Preferably, it is a heat-conducting block having a first heat transfer surface, a separation column receptacle, and a capillary coil receptacle.

Abstract: A waste treatment system comprises a first heat exchanger positioned before one or more reactors. The reactors discharge treated sludge to a second heat exchanger. The first and second heat exchangers share a heat transfer medium wherein the heat from the treated sludge is transferred to the incoming sludge. The treated sludge is cooled to reach an optimal temperature range before entry into a digester. The system also is adapted to allow a pipe cleaning device or “pig” to clean the heat exchangers by being forced through the heat exchangers by pressurized and pasteurized wastewater.

Abstract: A water treatment method uses a removable, disposable cartridge having an internal mesh structure. A disposable heater heats water fed to the cartridge. Precipitated solids collect on the mesh surface provided temperature and residence time are appropriately maintained. The heat breaks down the bicarbonate hardness of the water thereby depositing carbonates on the mesh surface and heavy metals will be codeposited due to the resultant change in pH. The cartridge has a head-space for collecting entrained gases such as volatile organic compounds, chlorine and air. Water sterility is achieved by heating the water over an appropriate period of time. Turbidity is removed within the cartridge due to settling induced by the low fluid velocity controlled by a controller and by a filter provided at the outlet of the cartridge. The filter will become blocked when bicarbonate hardness is carried over forcing a user to replace a spent cartridge.

Abstract: A collector cup for the collection and removal of the low-mass particles that exit from a plasma mass filter includes a cylindrical shaped wall, an internally cooled. getter plate and a plurality of internally cooled baffles. The baffles are concentrically mounted and are attached to the inside of the cylindrical wall, between the getter plate and the plasma mass filter thereby creating an enclosed volume that is defined by the getter plate, the baffles and the cylinder wall. Entryways are formed between the baffles to allow the gas formed at the baffles to enter the enclosed volume. When the ions and electrons exit from the filter, they collide with the cooler baffles, ano combine to form neutral atoms and vaporize. Once formed, the gas can pass through the entryways and into the enclosed volume where it can be condensed onto the surface of the temperature controlled getter plate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new water treatment device comprising an electrolytic tank to put water in, an electrode provided in the electrolytic tank, a water treating path for pouring, from a pool storing water, the water into the electrolytic tank and returning to the pool the water in the electrolytic tank, a residual chlorine sensor for measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the water, and a circulating pump provided on the downstream side of the electrolytic tank on the water treating path in order to circulate the water, and capable of simply and efficiently sterilizing water stored in pools of various sizes from a swimming pool to a home bathtub.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for oxidation of aqueous mixtures of organic material, including toxic material in the presence of inorganic materials, by reaction of said material with water and oxygen at supercritical conditions. Oxygen and the aqueous mixture are separately pressurized to greater than about 218 atmospheres, combined to form a reaction mixture and then directed through a tubular reactor having a substantially constant internal diameter. The velocity of the reaction mixture is sufficient to prevent settling of a substantial portion of solids initially present in the reaction mixture and of solids which form during passage through the reactor. The mixture is heated to temperature above about 374° C. in the tubular reactor. A substantial portion of the organic material in the reaction mixture is oxidized in the tubular reactor to thereby form an effluent mixture.

Abstract: A water filtration system which utilizes steam pressure to provide energy for the pumping process, has a boiler (1) which shall be used to develop steam (19) and shall be heated by a stove (27). The steam produced shall flow through a steam tube (7) and into a water bottle (9) which contains contaminated water (21) to be filtered and wherein floating insulation (17) exists to thermally isolate the steam from the water. The steam pressure in the water bottle shall force the water out through a water tube (25) and then through a water filter (23) at which point potable water will be available to the user.

Abstract: To collect analyte from a supercritical fluid extractor, the collector lifts vials into place by a biasing means that guides the file up to the restrictor where it is sealed. The vial can be moved back down from the collecting mechanism even if frost forms on the vial while the restrictor means remains stationary. This vial is held in place by a guide that contains the seal for sealing the vial when it is raised in place.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high efficiency method for the remediation of large quantities of liquids, operating at low to moderate ambient pressures, in order to reduce environmental or health risks or to purify the liquid for use in industrial processing. Decontamination is achieved through the use of a swirl chamber in which a central vortex is formed which has a core pressure lower than the vapor pressure of the liquid thus inducing cavitation pockets in the vortex, which are then ejected from the nozzle through the exit orifice into a volume of liquid where the cavitation pockets collapse. These cavitation events drive chemical reactions, by generating strong oxidants and reductants, efficiently decomposing and destroying contaminating organic compounds, as well as some inorganics. These same cavitation events also physically disrupt or rupture the cell walls or outer membranes of microorganisms (such as E.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high efficiency method for the remediation of large quantities of liquids, operating at low to moderate ambient pressures, in order to reduce environmental or health risks or to purify the liquid for use in industrial processing. Decontamination is achieved through the use of submerged liquid jets which trigger cavitation events. These cavitation events drive chemical reactions, by generating strong oxidants and reductants, efficiently decomposing and destroying contaminating organic compounds, as well as some inorganics. These same cavitation events also physically disrupt or rupture the cell walls or outer membranes of microorganisms (such as E. coli and salmonella) and larvae (such as Zebra mussel larvae), leaving the inner cellular components susceptible to oxidation.

Abstract: A waste liquid and smoke disposal system which combines the functions of a smoke extraction system and a waste (typically, liquid) collection system, typically in, but not limited to, a surgical environment. The smoke extraction system and the liquid waste collection system are connected to supply the waste materials collected thereby to a waste treatment (e.g. decontamination and/or sterilization) and disposal system. In a preferred embodiment, the waste treatment system includes a plurality of heat exchanger units for efficient controlling of the temperature of the waste material during the waste treatment process. These three systems are all combined into a integrated system wherein the treated waste can be safely returned to the ambient. In one embodiment, the system is provided as a cart-mounted apparatus to provide mobility.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optimized method for the treatment and energetic upgrading of urban and industrial sewage sludge. It consists of a <<novel>> combination of known and tested equipment, forming a compact assembly with six functions which are: anaerobic sludge digestion (1) and biogas production, mechanical dehydration (2) up to 22-24% of dry solid, a gas turbine installation (3) burning the biogas into <<total energy>>, thermal drying (4) of the sludge up to 92% of dry solid consisting of a thin-layer dryer and a vibrated dryer/cooler with fluid bed (4b), condensation of the vapors (5) for heating the digester and the premises, and optimized energetic upgrading (6) of the dried sludge as booster fuel capable of being stored and fed into the household refuse incinerating boiler-furnaces. The method according to the invention is also applicable to the treatment and transformation of liquid manure into granulated and bagged fertilizer.

Abstract: An apparatus for the biological treatment of waste fluid from the coating process is presented in the present invention. Said apparatus comprises a biological treatment vessel filled with carriers immobilizing microorganism useful for the treatment of waste fluid from the coating process, a tank in which said biological treatment vessel is set, a heating means to heat said waste fluid in said tank, a stirrer to stir said waste fluid, an aeration means to blow air into said waste fluid, a filter for filtration of said waste fluid having been treated, and a return pass to return filtrate of said waste fluid to said tank.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for effecting the recovery of grease and oils from an aqueous waste stream is disclosed. This is accomplished by a combination of steps which include removing coarse food solids from the waste stream, allowing the oils to separate from the water in a separation zone, removing the oil layer to a storage zone, removing the water layer to a heat recovery zone and transferring heat values from the recovery zone to the separation zone with vapor compression refrigeration. The invention saves energy by recycling the heat of the kitchen waste stream to the separation zone. The recovered oil is useful as a marketable product that can be converted into many useful products. When a fines filter is used in the process, the discharged water can be used for non-agricultural uses such as lawn watering or can be used in water closets and urinals.

Abstract: A solids dryer is post-connected to an invertible filter centrifuge, wherein a dehumidification and drying of the solids takes place in the invertible filter centrifuge by means of centrifugation, pressure gas compression and/or heat convection and in the solids dryer by means of heat contact and/or heat convection. The invertible filter centrifuge and the solids dryer are connected to one another to form a unit via a closure device. Sensors serve to measure the respectively prevailing degree of dehumidification and drying as well as to determine additional operating parameters. The sensors actuate a common control device which regulates the operating parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing drinking water including of a chamber in which a container packed with drinking water is mounted, a conduit connected with the container in the chamber to dispense drinking water through the apparatus, and sterilizer installed adjacent the conduit means to apply sterilization with substantial heat thereto. The sterilizing means may include automatic control system to control automatically sterilizing with heat. The conduit may includes a storage area for storing drinking water within the conduit, and the storage area may includes two tanks for storing drinking water, one is a cold water tank including a refrigeration device to chill the drinking water, and the other is a hot water tank including heating device to heat the drinking water. The sterilization with heat may be done by heating the conduit with heaters installed surrounding thereof, or may be done by circulating hot water which is stored in the hot water tank through the apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing bacteria-free iodine-species-containing drinking water for farm animals under continuous dynamic water flow, comprising dissolving solid iodine into a first water flow to produce a saturated iodine species-containing aqueous solution at a pre-selected temperature; blending the saturated solution with a second water flow to produce a diluted iodine species bacterium-free aqueous solution; and providing the diluted solution as drinking water to the animals. Preferably, the iodine is dissolved in the first water flow to provide a saturated iodine species at a pre-selected temperature at a known concentration, which saturated solution is then blended into a mean water flow. The continuous flow of iodine species-containing water is fed to a farm animal drinking water distribution network with reduced risk of back-contamination by bacteria-containing water through the network.

Abstract: A water treatment tank for use with water purification apparatus including an ultra-violet lamp within a bulb onto which incoming water is directed to provide a 360 degree thin laminar flow about the bulb so that all of the incoming water receives the ultra-violet rays even when water is dispensed in a fast refill fashion. The tank may have two compartments, one above the other, formed by a separating baffle. The lower compartment has cooling coils about the walls for cooling the water therein relative to the water in the upper compartment. The ultra-violet lamp and a bulb extends through both compartments and the baffle to purify the water. Each compartment communicates through a conduit to a respective dispensing faucet of the water purification apparatus. The conduit from the upper compartment is a transparent tube formed from polytetrafluorethylene so that the ultra-violet rays act on water within the tube.

Abstract: The method for removing a thermophilic group of cells from a source of mixed cells, such as blood, comprises the steps of obtaining a sample, testing the sample to determine the temperature gradient required to cause migration of the thermophilic cells from the sample. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes the step of bringing the sample back to its ambient temperature quickly if it is desired to do so.

Abstract: A pathogen reduction system for a sludge treatment process that employees multiple reactors operating in a batch mode to reduce pathogen levels in the sludge while providing a continuous flow of pathogen reduced sludge to a digester. In addition, the present invention entails an efficient heat exchanger for heating and cooling the sludge being treated in the above process. In particular, the heat exchanger is of the counterflow type and includes a helical coil confined in an annular chamber for transmitting one media and wherein the helical coil is spaced so as to form another helical flow channel that is defined by the annular chamber and the helical coil itself. Consequentially, one media is directed through the helical coil while another media is directed through the flow channel that is defined in part by the helical coil.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography apparatus with stationary and mobile phase temperature controls suitable for polynucleotide separations by MIPC and DMIPC processes. The apparatus includes heater means with a temperature control system; a matched ion polynucleotide chromatography separation column having an inlet end; a coil of capillary tubing having an inlet end and an outlet end. The outlet end of the capillary tubing is connected with the inlet end of the separation column. The inlet end of the capillary tubing comprising means for receiving process liquid, the tubing having a length of from 6 to 400 cm having a linear tubing length of heating means. The separation column and the coil of capillary tubing are enclosed in the heater means. The capillary tubing preferably is PEEK or titanium. The heater means can be an air batch oven. Preferably, it is a heat-conducting block having a first heat transfer surface, a separation column receptacle, and a capillary coil receptacle.

Abstract: A continuous flow sludge pasteurization system includes a flow chamber having an inlet and an outlet and structure within the liquid flow chamber between the inlet and the outlet defining a continuous path for maintaining a continuous flow of a slurry from the inlet toward the outlet at a predetermined rate for establishing a minimum period of residence time of the slurry within the flow chamber, the residence time sufficient to kill all pathogens in the slurry at a predetermined minimum temperature of between about 145 and 160 degrees F, a pump for introducing a continuous flow of a liquid slurry of sludge into the liquid flow chamber and for establishing and maintaining a continuous flow of a liquid slurry through the liquid flow chamber from the inlet to the outlet at the predetermined rate, and a source of heat for introducing heat into a liquid slurry being introduced into the liquid flow chamber for heating the continuous flow of slurry to the predetermined minimum temperature, and dewatering apparatus

Abstract: A method for separating impurities from cooling lubricants, in particular oil or oil emulsions, in which the cooling lubricant first is warmed to decrease the viscosity; then it is centrifuged in a centrifuge, after which the cleaned cooling lubricant passes to a cooling system in which it is adjusted back to normal temperature or to the required viscosity.

Abstract: Abrasive components and water are recovered from an aqueous chemical mechanical slurry used for planarization of semiconductor materials. The slurry effluent is preferably brought to a neutral pH, and cooled to a temperature between about 0.degree. C. and about 15.degree. C. An electrical potential can be applied to the slurry effluent to facilitate agglomeration and separation of particles of abrasive material in the slurry effluent. In one embodiment, the slurry effluent is introduced into a process chamber at ambient temperature and pressure, and supernatant liquid separated from the process chamber is then subjected to a reduction of pressure in a vacuum chamber to cause gas entrapped in the supernatant liquid to bubble to the surface of the supernatant liquid for further separation and collection of water and abrasive particles from the slurry effluent. In another embodiment, slurry effluent is filtered through one or more self-cleaning reversible gross particle filter assemblies.

Abstract: A flexible diaphragm, flexible bag or bladder tank used to store and dispense, cool or heat, and sterilize drinking water or beverages under pressure, may include at least one orifice, at least one ultraviolet sterilizing unit located within it, and at least one thermo-electric unit attached to or inserted within it.